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{{breadcrumb | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Republic of the Congo | |||
|Name=Republic of the Congo | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Republic of the Congo_Genealogy|Republic of the Congo]] | | link1=[[Republic of the Congo_Genealogy|Republic of the Congo]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
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| link5=[[Republic of the Congo Languages|Languages]] | | link5=[[Republic of the Congo Languages|Languages]] | ||
}} | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It should not be confused with the large neighboring country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Republic of the Congo," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.</ref> The official language is French with Kituba and Lingala as national languages. | The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It should not be confused with the large neighboring country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Republic of the Congo," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.</ref> The official language is French with Kituba and Lingala as national languages. | ||
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==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[[French Genealogical Word List]] | *[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]] | ||
*[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words] | *[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords] | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases] | *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases at Omniglot] | ||
'''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | '''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | ||
*[http://www.kupsala.net/risto/kongo/kituba-english.html Kituba-English Word List] | *[http://www.kupsala.net/risto/kongo/kituba-english.html Kituba-English Word List at Kupsala] | ||
'''Lingala''' | '''Lingala''' | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/lingala.htm#phrases Useful phrases in Lingala | *[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/lingala.htm#phrases Useful phrases in Lingala at Omniglot] | ||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | ||
'''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | '''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/kituba.htm Kituba Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://omniglot.com/writing/kituba.htm Kituba Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Vowels Kituba Vowels] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Vowels Kituba Vowels at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Consonants Kituba Consonants] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Consonants Kituba Consonants at Wikipedia] | ||
'''Lingala''' | '''Lingala''' | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/lingala.htm Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://omniglot.com/writing/lingala.htm Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Phonology Lingala Phonology] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Phonology Lingala Phonology at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Alphabet Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Alphabet Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia] | ||
The Lingala language has 35 letters and digraphs. The digraphs each have a specific order in the alphabet; for example, ''mza'' will be expected to be ordered before ''mba'', because the digraph ''mb'' follows the letter ''m''. The letters ''r'' and ''h'' are rare but present in borrowed words. | The Lingala language has 35 letters and digraphs. The digraphs each have a specific order in the alphabet; for example, ''mza'' will be expected to be ordered before ''mba'', because the digraph ''mb'' follows the letter ''m''. The letters ''r'' and ''h'' are rare but present in borrowed words. | ||
The accents indicate the tones as follows: | The accents indicate the tones as follows: | ||
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==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[[French Handwriting]] | *[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]] | ||
*[[French Letter Writing Guide]] | *[[French Letter Writing Guide|French Letter Writing Guide]] | ||
*[[France Languages| | *[[France Languages|France Languages]] | ||
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary] | *[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary at Cambridge] | ||
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary] | *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary at Lexilogos] | ||
'''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | '''Kituba or Munukutuba''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Pronouns Kituba Pronouns] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Pronouns Kituba Pronouns at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Nouns Kituba Nouns] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Nouns Kituba Nouns at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Verbs Kituba Verbs] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Verbs Kituba Verbs at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://glosbe.com/en/ktu Dictionary English - Kituba] | *[https://glosbe.com/en/ktu Dictionary English - Kituba at Glosbe] | ||
'''Lingala''' | '''Lingala''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Characteristics_and_usage Characteristics and usage] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Characteristics_and_usage Characteristics and usage at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Noun_class_system Lingala Noun class system] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Noun_class_system Lingala Noun class system at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Verbal_extensions Verbal extensions] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Verbal_extensions Verbal extensions at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Tense_inflections Tense inflections] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Tense_inflections Tense inflections at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/lingala_dictionary.htm Lingala dictionary] | *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/lingala_dictionary.htm Lingala dictionary at Lexilogos] | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/ | * Guthrie, Malcolm, and J F Carrington. ''Lingala : grammar and dictionary : English-Lingala, Lingala-English.'' London: Baptist Missionary Society, 1988. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/906621507 WorldCat]. | ||
* Mawadza, Aquilina, and Yeno Matuka. ''Lingala dictionary & phrasebook : a language of Central Africa.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc, 2016. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/953738585 WorldCat]. | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
*[https://www. | * Baongoli, Arizona M. ''Learn to speak Lingala.'' Eldoret, Kenya: A.M. Baongoli, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/723497964 WorldCat]. | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/ | * Redden, James E, F Bongo, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). ''Lingala : basic course.'' Washington: Dept. of State, 1963. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/3100336 WorldCat]. | ||
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/ | * Swift, Lloyd B, Emil W A Zola, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). ''BOOKTITLE.'' Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1963. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/877994 WorldCat]. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Republic of the Congo]] | [[Category:Republic of the Congo]] | ||
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