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{{Brazil | {{CountrySidebar | ||
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|Background=Naming Customs | |||
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| link1=[[Brazil Genealogy|Brazil]] | | link1=[[Brazil Genealogy|Brazil]] | ||
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| link5=[[Brazil | | link5=[[Brazil Naming Customs|Naming Customs]] | ||
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==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
Sometimes, deciphering a given name in an old handwritten document is not as easy as one might suppose. This could be due to the widespread use of abbreviations or to the difficulty in reading the handwriting. Use | Sometimes, deciphering a given name in an old handwritten document is not as easy as one might suppose. This could be due to the widespread use of abbreviations or to the difficulty in reading the handwriting. Use these lists of names to assist you in interpreting the names mentioned in the documents.<ref>'''Portuguese Documents''', BYU Script Tutorial, https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/documents/record-types/general, accessed 22 February 2021. </ref> | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/names/general '''List of Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/names/general '''List of Given Names'''] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/abbreviations '''Abbreviations'''] | ||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Surnames'''] | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Given Names'''] | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Surnames == | ==Surnames == | ||
A Portuguese name is typically composed of '''one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more)'''. The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | A Portuguese name is typically composed of '''one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more)'''. The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | ||
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It is not possible to determine the exact year or even the century when a particular family name was taken. By the end of the 13th century many families determined to retain the patronymic without continuing to change the name from generation to generation. Thus, the hereditary sobrenomes (surnames) were in use by the time of the discovery of the New World. | It is not possible to determine the exact year or even the century when a particular family name was taken. By the end of the 13th century many families determined to retain the patronymic without continuing to change the name from generation to generation. Thus, the hereditary sobrenomes (surnames) were in use by the time of the discovery of the New World. | ||
===Surname | ===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ||
'''As Immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways.''' | '''As Immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways.''' | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
*Most of the time the surname spelling changed to | *Most of the time the surname spelling changed to accommodate the '''different phonetic spelling in the English language'''. In other words, the recorder tried to write the name the way he heard it. | ||
*Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | *Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | ||
*Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time '''using English-language equivalents when dealing with local government, census takers, and other English speakers.''' | *Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time '''using English-language equivalents when dealing with local government, census takers, and other English speakers.''' | ||
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==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | |||
*Barão de Vasconcelos. ''Archivo nobiliarchico brasileiro (Brazilian Archive of Nobility''). [https://archive.org/details/archivonobiliarc00vascuoft/page/n5/mode/2up '''Available Online''']. | *Barão de Vasconcelos. ''Archivo nobiliarchico brasileiro (Brazilian Archive of Nobility''). [https://archive.org/details/archivonobiliarc00vascuoft/page/n5/mode/2up '''Available Online''']. | ||
*Mattos, Armando de. ''Manual de Genealogia Portuguesa (Manual of Portuguese Genealogy''). Pôrto: Fernando Machado, 1943. ( | *Mattos, Armando de. '''''Manual de Genealogia Portuguesa (Manual of Portuguese Genealogy'''''). Pôrto: Fernando Machado, 1943. (FS Library book 946.9 D27ma; film 0896862 item 4) {{WorldCat|865596501|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*Távora, Luiz Gonzaga de Lancastre e. ''Dicionário das famílias portuguesas (Dictionary of Portuguese Families''). Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 1989. ( | *Távora, Luiz Gonzaga de Lancastre e. '''''Dicionário das famílias portuguesas (Dictionary of Portuguese Families'')'''. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 1989. (FS Library book 946.9 D4t) This is a register of more than 1,000 Portuguese surnames, with a discussion of their derivations. {{WorldCat|709663916|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*Wold, Lillian Ramos. ''Hispanic Surnames: History and Genealogy''. Fullerton, Calif.: Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, c1994. ( | *Wold, Lillian Ramos. ''Hispanic Surnames: History and Genealogy''. Fullerton, Calif.: Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, c1994. (FS Library book 946 D4h) {{WorldCat|866155512|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
===FamilySearch Sources=== | ===FamilySearch Sources=== | ||
More such books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | More such books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Brazil - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=963253387|disp= Brazil - Names, Personal}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Brazil - Names, Personal - Dictionaries|subject|subject-id=1807903986|disp= Brazil - Names, Personal - Dictionaries}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[pt:Brasil Nomes Pessoais]]<br> | [[pt:Brasil Nomes Pessoais]]<br> | ||
[[Category:Brazil]] | [[Category:Brazil]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
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