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*[[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames|'''The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames''']] is ashort article describing this phenomenon | *[[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames|'''The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames''']] is ashort article describing this phenomenon | ||
*[https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~mstone/genealogy/dialectical.html '''Internal Dialectical Clues in German Surnames'''] is a more thorough listing of known dialect clues. | *[https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~mstone/genealogy/dialectical.html '''Internal Dialectical Clues in German Surnames'''] is a more thorough listing of known dialect clues. | ||
===Jewish Surname Customs=== | |||
'''Before the 1800s, the use of a surname by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual.'''<br> | |||
Jews in Germany followed the custom of using only a given name and the name of the father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham (Isaac ben Abraham). Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. By the 1820s, most small German states had extended civil rights to Jews and required them to adopt surnames. | |||
===Surname "Changes" of German Immigrants in the United States=== | ===Surname "Changes" of German Immigrants in the United States=== | ||