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== Online Resources == | ==Online Resources== | ||
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1714 U.S., Southeast Coastwise Inward and Outward Slave Manifests, 1790-1860] | |||
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1714 U.S., Southeast Coastwise Inward and Outward Slave Manifests, 1790-1860] | |||
*{{RecordSearch|2333770|Alabama, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}} Images only. | *{{RecordSearch|2333770|Alabama, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}} Images only. | ||
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60583 U.S., Ratified Indian Treaties and Chiefs, 1722-1869]. Index. | *[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60583 U.S., Ratified Indian Treaties and Chiefs, 1722-1869]. Index. | ||
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2398 U.S., Cherokee Baker Roll and Records, 1924-1929]. Index. | *[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2398 U.S., Cherokee Baker Roll and Records, 1924-1929]. Index. | ||
== Timeline | ==Timeline== | ||
The following important events in the history of [[Alabama, United States Genealogy|Alabama]] affected political jurisdictions, family movements, and record keeping. | The following important events in the history of [[Alabama, United States Genealogy|Alabama]] affected political jurisdictions, family movements, and record keeping. | ||
*'''1702:''' The first permanent settlement, Fort Louis de la Mobile, was founded by the French north of the present site of Mobile. | *'''1702:''' The first permanent settlement, Fort Louis de la Mobile, was founded by the French north of the present site of Mobile. | ||
*'''1710–1763:''' The Alabama area was governed by France. English, French, and Spanish settlers and settlers from South Carolina and Georgia established trading posts. | *'''1710–1763:''' The Alabama area was governed by France. English, French, and Spanish settlers and settlers from South Carolina and Georgia established trading posts. | ||
*'''1711:''' Mobile was the capital of the Louisiana Territory until 1720 when Biloxi became the capital. In 1722 New Orleans became the capital. | *'''1711:''' Mobile was the capital of the Louisiana Territory until 1720 when Biloxi became the capital. In 1722 New Orleans became the capital. | ||
*'''1763:''' The Alabama area was governed by Great Britain. | *'''1763:''' The Alabama area was governed by Great Britain. | ||
*'''1783:''' Britain ceded the southern region, around Mobile, to Spain. The area further north of the Alabama region was claimed by Georgia. The boundary between the two areas was in dispute until 1795, when it was set at the 31st parallel, a few miles north of Mobile. | *'''1783:''' Britain ceded the southern region, around Mobile, to Spain. The area further north of the Alabama region was claimed by Georgia. The boundary between the two areas was in dispute until 1795, when it was set at the 31st parallel, a few miles north of Mobile. | ||
*'''1798:''' Georgia abandoned claims to the area. The area north of the 31st parallel became part of the Mississippi Territory. | *'''1798:''' Georgia abandoned claims to the area. The area north of the 31st parallel became part of the Mississippi Territory. | ||
*1800 Census part of Alabama (Washington County in Mississippi territory) 494 African American listed | *1800 Census part of Alabama (Washington County in Mississippi territory) 494 African American listed | ||
*'''1800 - 1820:''' Migrations from Virginia and the Carolinas to central and southern part of the state. | *'''1800 - 1820:''' Migrations from Virginia and the Carolinas to central and southern part of the state. | ||
*'''1800-1810:''' Migrations from Tennessee into northern part of the state. | *'''1800-1810:''' Migrations from Tennessee into northern part of the state. | ||
*'''1802:''' Choctaw Indians ceded land. | *'''1802:''' Choctaw Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1802:''' Georgia abandoned claims to the area. The area north of the 31st parallel became part of the Mississippi Territory when it was created in 1798. Spain controlled the Mobile area until the War of 1812. | *'''1802:''' Georgia abandoned claims to the area. The area north of the 31st parallel became part of the Mississippi Territory when it was created in 1798. Spain controlled the Mobile area until the War of 1812. | ||
*'''1805:''' Choctaw Indians ceded land. | *'''1805:''' Choctaw Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1806:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | *'''1806:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1812–1814:''' During the War of 1812, on 15 April 1813 American forces captured Mobile from the Spanish. General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in several battles, including the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 27 March 1814. Removal of the Creeks and other Indian tribes commenced and European settlers began flooding into the region, bringing African-American slaves with them. | *'''1812–1814:''' During the War of 1812, on 15 April 1813 American forces captured Mobile from the Spanish. General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in several battles, including the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 27 March 1814. Removal of the Creeks and other Indian tribes commenced and European settlers began flooding into the region, bringing African-American slaves with them. | ||
*'''March 29, 1814: '''Creek Indian War ended as General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks under Chief Weatherford at the battle of Horseshoe Bend, Alabama where nearly 900 - 1000 Indians engaged were killed. | *'''March 29, 1814: '''Creek Indian War ended as General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks under Chief Weatherford at the battle of Horseshoe Bend, Alabama where nearly 900 - 1000 Indians engaged were killed. | ||
*'''1814:''' Creek Indians ceded land. | *'''1814:''' Creek Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1816:''' Chickasaw, Choctaw and Cherokee Indians ceded land. | *'''1816:''' Chickasaw, Choctaw and Cherokee Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1817:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | *'''1817:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1817:''' Marengo County (Demopolis) The Frenchman Parmentier obtains a grant in Alabama for French refugees who left Philadelphia and settled at St. Stephens on the Tombigbee River - called Demopolis, about 150 settlers in all. | *'''1817:''' Marengo County (Demopolis) The Frenchman Parmentier obtains a grant in Alabama for French refugees who left Philadelphia and settled at St. Stephens on the Tombigbee River - called Demopolis, about 150 settlers in all. | ||
*'''March 3, 1817:''' The Mississippi Territory was divided into the state of Mississippi, and the Alabama Territory at that time. The Alabama Territory was composed of the following seven counties: Baldwin, Clarke, Madison, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, and Washington. | *'''March 3, 1817:''' The Mississippi Territory was divided into the state of Mississippi, and the Alabama Territory at that time. The Alabama Territory was composed of the following seven counties: Baldwin, Clarke, Madison, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, and Washington. | ||
*'''1818:''' Twenty-two counties were established. | *'''1818:''' Twenty-two counties were established. | ||
*'''1819:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | *'''1819:''' Cherokee Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''December 14, 1819:''' Alabama was admitted to the Union as the 22nd state.<br> | *'''December 14, 1819:''' Alabama was admitted to the Union as the 22nd state.<br> | ||
*'''1820:''' First Federal census in this state, all reported missing. | *'''1820:''' First Federal census in this state, all reported missing. | ||
*'''1830:''' The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek the Choctaw Indians gave up 10 million acres of land in Alabama and Mississippi. The Choctaw tribe had aided Gen. Andrew Jackson in his war agaist the Creek Nation. The Choctaw were given a reservation in southeaster part of (present day) Oklahoma | *'''1830:''' The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek the Choctaw Indians gave up 10 million acres of land in Alabama and Mississippi. The Choctaw tribe had aided Gen. Andrew Jackson in his war agaist the Creek Nation. The Choctaw were given a reservation in southeaster part of (present day) Oklahoma | ||
*'''1830:''' Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians ceded land. | *'''1830:''' Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1830:''' Second Federal Census in this state, reported incomplete. | *'''1830:''' Second Federal Census in this state, reported incomplete. | ||
*'''1832:''' Creek Indians ceded land. | *'''1832:''' Creek Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1835:''' The treaty of New Echota was signed, which led to the removal of most of the Indian tribes, including the Cherokees from Alabama. A few Creeks and Cherokees remained in Alabama. Cherokee Indians ceded land. | *'''1835:''' The treaty of New Echota was signed, which led to the removal of most of the Indian tribes, including the Cherokees from Alabama. A few Creeks and Cherokees remained in Alabama. Cherokee Indians ceded land. | ||
*'''1839:''' The Indians were largely removed westward to Oklahoma. | *'''1839:''' The Indians were largely removed westward to Oklahoma. | ||
*The slave ship | *'''I860''': The illegal slave ship Clothilda, with Guineau Africans arived at Mobile. The slaves were divided between the schooner's owner, Timothy Meaher and Captain William Foster, the remainder being sold. The slaves were freed by Union soldiers in 1865. They pooled wages from selling vegetables and field labor to purchase land from the Meaher family, and formed a community called African Town in in the suburb Plateau near Mobile. (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/clotilda-last-known-slave-ship-arrive-us-found-180972177/). The remains of Clotilda, which had been deliberately burned and sunk to conceal evidence of illegal activity, was found 22 May 2019. | ||
*'''I860 '''the slave polulation was 435,080 (about 505 of population) | *'''I860 '''the slave polulation was 435,080 (about 505 of population) | ||
*'''1861–1868:''' American Civil War and Reconstruction | *'''1861–1868:''' American Civil War and Reconstruction | ||
*'''1862:''' over 10,000 Alabama freedmen served as soldiers in the Union Army. | *'''1862:''' over 10,000 Alabama freedmen served as soldiers in the Union Army. | ||
*'''1865: '''Thirty-five black schools were set up the the Freedmen's Bureau and American Missionary Association. | *'''1865: '''Thirty-five black schools were set up the the Freedmen's Bureau and American Missionary Association. | ||
*'''1898:''' Over 300,000 men were involved in the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/ Spanish-American War] which was fought mainly in Cuba and the Philippines. | *'''1898:''' Over 300,000 men were involved in the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/ Spanish-American War] which was fought mainly in Cuba and the Philippines. | ||
*'''1917–1918:''' Armed forces serving in World War I included 95,000 Alabamians. More than 6,200 were killed. | *'''1917–1918:''' Armed forces serving in World War I included 95,000 Alabamians. More than 6,200 were killed. | ||
*'''1990:''' About one quarter of the population was African-American descent. | *'''1990:''' About one quarter of the population was African-American descent. | ||
== Local Histories | ==Local Histories== | ||
Some of the most valuable sources for family history research are local histories. Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain accounts of families. They describe the settlement of the area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses. You can also find lists of pioneers, soldiers, and civil officials. Even if your ancestor is not listed, information on other relatives may be included that will provide important clues for locating your ancestor. A local history may also suggest other records to search. Local histories are extensively collected by the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]], public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. The United States Research "[[United States History|History]]" page cites nationwide bibliographies of local histories which include histories of Alabama. | Some of the most valuable sources for family history research are local histories. Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain accounts of families. They describe the settlement of the area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses. You can also find lists of pioneers, soldiers, and civil officials. Even if your ancestor is not listed, information on other relatives may be included that will provide important clues for locating your ancestor. A local history may also suggest other records to search. Local histories are extensively collected by the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]], public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies. The United States Research "[[United States History|History]]" page cites nationwide bibliographies of local histories which include histories of Alabama. | ||
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*Kaminkow, Marion J. ''United States Local Histories in the Library of Congress''. 5 vols. Baltimore: Magna Charta Book, 1975-76. {{WorldCat|315166|At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|252458|item|disp=FHL book 973 A3ka}} | *Kaminkow, Marion J. ''United States Local Histories in the Library of Congress''. 5 vols. Baltimore: Magna Charta Book, 1975-76. {{WorldCat|315166|At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|252458|item|disp=FHL book 973 A3ka}} | ||
== State Histories Useful to Genealogists | ==State Histories Useful to Genealogists== | ||
Good genealogists strive to understand the life and times of their ancestors. In this sense, any history is useful. But certain kinds of state, county, and local histories, [https://www.accessgenealogy.com/alabama/alabama-history.htm especially older histories] published between 1845 and 1945, often include biographical sketches of prominent individuals. The sketches usually tend toward the laudatory, but may include some genealogical details. If these histories are indexed or alphabetical, check for an ancestor's name. Some examples for the State of Alabama are: | Good genealogists strive to understand the life and times of their ancestors. In this sense, any history is useful. But certain kinds of state, county, and local histories, [https://www.accessgenealogy.com/alabama/alabama-history.htm especially older histories] published between 1845 and 1945, often include biographical sketches of prominent individuals. The sketches usually tend toward the laudatory, but may include some genealogical details. If these histories are indexed or alphabetical, check for an ancestor's name. Some examples for the State of Alabama are: | ||
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*Abernethy, Thomas Perkins. ''The Formative Period in Alabama 1815-1828.'' Montgomery, Ala.: The Brown Printing Company, 1922. Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/264969-the-formative-period-in-alabama-1815-1828?viewer=1&offset=1#page=5&viewer=picture&o=info&n=0&q= FamilySearch Digital Library]. Includes chapters on immigrants, public lands, rivers and roads, religion, and slavery. | *Abernethy, Thomas Perkins. ''The Formative Period in Alabama 1815-1828.'' Montgomery, Ala.: The Brown Printing Company, 1922. Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/264969-the-formative-period-in-alabama-1815-1828?viewer=1&offset=1#page=5&viewer=picture&o=info&n=0&q= FamilySearch Digital Library]. Includes chapters on immigrants, public lands, rivers and roads, religion, and slavery. | ||
== United States History | ==United States History== | ||
The following are only a few of the many sources that are available: | The following are only a few of the many sources that are available: | ||
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'''Draper Manuscript Collection.''' Look for Alabama ancestors 1740-1830 in the '''[[Draper Manuscript Collection]]'''. These manuscripts cover the history of the "trans-Allegheny West," a region including the west Carolinas and Virginia, all the Ohio River Valley, and part of the upper Mississippi Valley. There are 491 volumes of partially-indexed manuscripts, papers, and books. | '''Draper Manuscript Collection.''' Look for Alabama ancestors 1740-1830 in the '''[[Draper Manuscript Collection]]'''. These manuscripts cover the history of the "trans-Allegheny West," a region including the west Carolinas and Virginia, all the Ohio River Valley, and part of the upper Mississippi Valley. There are 491 volumes of partially-indexed manuscripts, papers, and books. | ||
== Family History Library | ==Family History Library== | ||
To access histories available through the FamilySearch Catalog, use the Place-names Search for: | To access histories available through the FamilySearch Catalog, use the Place-names Search for: | ||
:ALABAMA - HISTORY | :ALABAMA - HISTORY | ||
:ALABAMA, [COUNTY] - HISTORY | :ALABAMA, [COUNTY] - HISTORY | ||
:ALABAMA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - HISTORY | :ALABAMA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - HISTORY | ||
== Websites | ==Websites== | ||
*[http://www.archives.state.al.us/ Alabama Archives] | *[http://www.archives.state.al.us/ Alabama Archives] | ||
*[http://huntsville.about.com/od/alabamahistory/Alabama_History.htm Alabama History] | *[http://huntsville.about.com/od/alabamahistory/Alabama_History.htm Alabama History] | ||
*[https://alabamainfo.com/history/ Alabama History Resources] | *[https://alabamainfo.com/history/ Alabama History Resources] | ||
*[http://www.censusfinder.com/alabama-historical-museums.htm Historical Museums Guide for Alabama] | *[http://www.censusfinder.com/alabama-historical-museums.htm Historical Museums Guide for Alabama] | ||
* [http://lib.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/genealogy/us/ Mississippi State University Special Collections] | *[http://lib.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/genealogy/us/ Mississippi State University Special Collections] | ||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Alabama Wikipedia] | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Alabama Wikipedia] | ||
=== Sources | ===Sources=== | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Alabama, United States|History]][[Category:Timeline]][[Category:United States History]] | [[Category:Alabama, United States|History]] | ||
[[Category:Timeline]] | |||
[[Category:United States History]] | |||