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The government of Austria which governed the Czech lands periodically took a census of the population for statistical purposes. The results of censuses were used to follow and regulate various aspects of society particularly taxation and conscription.  
The government of Austria which governed the Czech lands periodically took a census of the population for statistical purposes. The results of censuses were used to follow and regulate various aspects of society particularly taxation and conscription.  


The earliest censuses were simply head counts taken for taxation purposes. The first census to record people by name was conducted in 1651. The Catholic Habsburg rulers ordered the 1651 census of the Czech lands to determine the religion of the people (Bohemia and Moravia had been predominantly Protestant prior to 1624) and the prospects of their conversion. Summaries remain of a 1702 count of all people over the age of 10. Censuses were carried out in 1754 and 1762 and revisions were to be made every few years. Counts were taken in 1770 and 1776. These lists were largely for military purposes.  
The earliest censuses were simply head counts taken for taxation purposes. The first census to record people by name was conducted in 1651. The Catholic Habsburg rulers ordered the 1651 census of the Czech lands to determine the religion of the people (Bohemia and Moravia had been predominantly Protestant prior to 1624) and the prospects of their conversion. Summaries remain of a 1702 count of all people over the age of 10. Beginning in 1724 a census of Jews was periodically taken. Censuses were carried out in 1754 and 1762 and revisions were to be made every few years. Counts were taken in 1770 and 1776. These lists were largely for military purposes.  


The first true census was conducted in 1857. Afterward, censuses were taken in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1921, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, and 1991, and 2001.  
The first true census was conducted in 1857. Afterward, censuses were taken in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1921, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, and 1991, and 2001.  


Beginning in 1724 a census of Jews was periodically taken.
Some census returns, including those for the 1651 census, are kept in the archives. Some census returns, which included lists of inhabitants, have been lost. In other cases, only summary information from the censuses is available.  
 
Some census returns, including those for the 1651 census, are kept in the archives. Unfortunately, most census returns, which included lists of inhabitants, have been lost. In most cases, only summary information from the censuses is available. Generally, archival researchers will not consult census records. Some census returns have been published.  


'''Contents:''' The contents vary according to census. Some censuses list only head of household, conscription number of house, and taxable property. Many census returns of the 1800s give house number, head of household, names of members of the household (including servants), ages, occupations, religions, and relationships to head of household; some also give date and place of birth.  
'''Contents:''' The contents vary according to census. Some censuses list only head of household, conscription number of house, and taxable property. Many census returns of the 1800s give house number, head of household, names of members of the household (including servants), ages, occupations, religions, and relationships to head of household; some also give date and place of birth.  
'''Location:''' District archives [''Okresní archívy''] and City archives [''Mĕstské archívy'']. Census returns are usually not stored in the State regional archives [''Státní oblastní archívy'']. Parts of the 1770 census have been published in book form. The Family History Library has a published copy of the census for parts of the city of Prague and published copies of the parts of the 1651 census.


'''Research use:''' These records link families together into family groups and greatly supplement the research process. They are extremely valuable in locating birthplaces, and determining ages, and relationships and lead to primary vital records sources, making them very valuable for pedigree links. Each census is important by itself but each should also be used with church records and other censuses.  
'''Research use:''' These records link families together into family groups and greatly supplement the research process. They are extremely valuable in locating birthplaces, and determining ages, and relationships and lead to primary vital records sources, making them very valuable for pedigree links. Each census is important by itself but each should also be used with church records and other censuses.  


'''Accessibility:''' Presently, census materials may be researched in person at the Czech archives, or you may be able to hire a private researcher to search the records for you.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Czech Republic,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1999.</ref>
'''Accessibility:''' Presently, many census materials are available online. Some may still need to be researched in person at the Czech archives.


== 20th Century Censuses  ==
1900, 1910 and 1921 censuses are usually housed in the District archives [''Okresní archívy''], however censuses of the following cities are probably housed in the City archives ["Mĕstské archívy"]:
*Brno
*Ostrava
*Plzeň
*Praha
*Ústí nad Labem
=== Online Records ===
=== Online Records ===


*'''1800 - 1990''' - {{RecordSearch|1930345|Czech Republic Censuses and Inhabitant Registers, 1800-1990}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — Images
*'''1800 - 1990''' {{RecordSearch|1930345|Czech Republic Censuses and Inhabitant Registers, 1800-1990}} at FamilySearch — Images
The above collection currently includes only those for Northern Bohemia housed in the regional archive of '''Litoměřice''', for Eastern Bohemia housed in the district archive of '''Trutnov''', for Southern Bohemia housed in the regional archive of '''Třeboň''', for Southern Moravia housed in the regional archive in '''Brno''', and for Northern Moravia and Silesia housed in the regional archive of '''Opava'''. Also includes images and indexed records for the '''Zámrsk''' area taken from the Zámrsk Archive.
*'''1857-1921''' [http://www.mza.cz/a8web/A8Apps1/XTRSO02/XTRSO02-Inventar.pdf Brno Provincial Archives] (Partially digitized)
*'''1857-1921''' [http://vademecum.soalitomerice.cz/vademecum/index.jsp?# Litoměřice Regional Archives] (Select the people icon)
*'''1857-1921''' [https://digi.archives.cz/da/# Opava Regional Archives]
*'''1857-1921''' [https://www.portafontium.eu/contents/census?language=de Plzeň Regional Archives] (Partially digitized)
*'''1869-1921''' [http://katalog.ahmp.cz/pragapublica/NavigBean.action?entity=%28%5En%29%28%28%28localArchiv%2C%5En%2Chot_%29%28unidata%29%29%28456851%29%29 Prague City Archives]
*'''1869, 1880, 1900''' [https://ebadatelna.soapraha.cz/pages/SearchArchivaliePage?1 Prague Regional Archives] (Partially digitized)
*'''1857-1921''' [https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/Census Třeboň Regional Archives]


===Requesting Records ===
===Requesting Records ===
Extracts from the following census forms are available from the [http://www.nacr.cz/eindex.htm National Archives] in Prague:
The following censuses were taken, but are not available online.  


*1930 (Czech lands and Transcarpathian Ukraine)  
*1930 (Czech lands and Subcarpathian Ruthenia [known as Podkarpatská Rus in Czech])  
*1939 (ceded borderland of the Czech lands)  
*1939 (ceded borderland of the Czech lands)  
*1950 (Czech lands)  
*1950 (Czech lands)  
*1970 (Czech lands)  
*1970 (Czech lands)  
*1991 (Czech lands)<br>
*1991 (Czech lands)<br>
Download an [http://www.nacr.cz/Z-Files/scitani.pdf '''application in the PDF format'''] here. E-mail form to na7@nacr.cz.
 
=== 1921 Census  ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 15 February 1921. <br>
Included what is now Czechia, Slovakia, and Subcarpathian Ruthenia (known as Podkarpatská Rus in Czech). See the [[Ukraine Census]] page for a link to the census records for Subcarpathian Ruthenia.
 
<gallery>
Image:1921 census form for Czechoslovakia (columns 1-10) - translated.JPG|1921 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-10)
Image:1921 census form for Czechoslovakia (columns 11-20) - translated.JPG|1921 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 11-20)
</gallery>
 
<gallery>
Image:1921 census 1.jpg|Title Page of the 1921 Census Sheet
Image:1921 census 2.jpg|1921 Front of the 1921 Census Sheet
Image:1921 census 3.jpg|1921 Back of the 1921 Census Sheet
Image:1921 census 4.jpg|1921 Census Sheet with Czech/Polish Headings
</gallery>


=== 1910 Census  ===
=== 1910 Census  ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 December 1910.
<gallery>
Image:1910 Austrian empire census form translation (columns 1-17).JPG|1910 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-17)
Image:1910 Austrian empire census form translation (columns 18-34).JPG|1910 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 18-34)
</gallery>


<gallery>
<gallery>
Line 68: Line 88:
Image:1910 census 5.jpg|1910 Census Sheet pg.3
Image:1910 census 5.jpg|1910 Census Sheet pg.3
Image:1910 census 6.jpg|Animal Count Page of the 1910 Census Sheet
Image:1910 census 6.jpg|Animal Count Page of the 1910 Census Sheet
</gallery>  
</gallery>


=== 1921 Census ===
=== 1900 Census ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 December 1900.
[https://www.familysearch.org/records/images/image-details?place=7198092&page=1&rmsId=TH-909-50203-16985-87&imageIndex=49&singleView=true Example record]


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:1921 census 1.jpg|Title Page of the 1921 Census Sheet
Image:1900 Austrian empire census form translation (columns 1-17).JPG|1900 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-17)
Image:1921 census 2.jpg|1921 Front of the 1921 Census Sheet
 
Image:1921 census 3.jpg|1921 Back of the 1921 Census Sheet
Image:1921 census 4.jpg|1921 Census Sheet with Czech/Polish Headings
</gallery>
</gallery>


== 19th Century Censuses ==
=== 1890 Census ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 December 1890.
<gallery>
Image:1890 Austrian empire census form translation (columns 1-11).JPG|1890 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-11)


=== Online Records ===
</gallery>


*'''1800 - 1990''' - {{RecordSearch|1930345|Czech Republic Censuses and Inhabitant Registers, 1800-1990}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — Images
<gallery>
Image:1890 census 1.jpg|Front of the 1890 Census Form
Image:1890 census 2.jpg|Back of the 1890 Census Form
</gallery>


=== 1857 Census  ===
=== 1880 Census  ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 December 1880.
<gallery>
Image:1880 Austrian empire census form translation (columns 1-9).JPG|1880 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-9)


So little is known about the 1857 census. It is unclear if these lists still exist and where they are housed. Some info can be found [http://www.czechfamilytree.com/1857census.htm here].
</gallery>


1869, 1880 and 1890 censuses are usually housed in the District archives [''Okresní archívy''].  
<gallery>
Image:1880 census 1.JPG|Front of the 1880 Census Form
Image:1880 census 2.jpg|Back of the 1880 Census Form
Image:1880 census 3.jpg|1880 Census Form with the Birth Certificate attached
</gallery>


=== 1869 Census  ===
=== 1869 Census  ===
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 December 1869.<br>
The census forms, called Aufnahmsbogen, were written in German. The headings included the following: successive number of person, name and surname, gender, year of birth, religion, status, occupation, place of birth and citizenship details. An important element of this census is the place of birth.


The census forms, called Aufnahmsbogen, were written in German. The headings included the following: successive number of person, name and surname, gender, year of birth, religion, status, occupation, place of birth and citizenship details. An important element of this census is the place of birth.  
<gallery>
Image:1869 hungarian census eng 1.jpg|1869 Census Form Heading Translation (columns a-f)
Image:1869 hungarian census eng 2.jpg|1869 Census Form Heading Translation (columns g-n)
</gallery>


<gallery>
<gallery>
Line 99: Line 137:
Image:1869 census 2.JPG|1869 Census Form
Image:1869 census 2.JPG|1869 Census Form
Image:1869 census 3.JPG|1869 Census Animal Count Page
Image:1869 census 3.JPG|1869 Census Animal Count Page
</gallery>  
</gallery>


<gallery>
=== 1857 Census  ===
Image:1869 hungarian census eng 1.jpg|1869 Census Form Heading Translation
Data in the census was to reflect how things were on 31 October 1857.<br>
Image:1869 hungarian census eng 2.jpg|1869 Census Form Heading Translation
The census forms were written in German. [https://www.familysearch.org/records/images/image-details?place=7198092&page=1&rmsId=TH-1961-48024-12623-68&imageIndex=60&singleView=true example record]
</gallery>
 
=== 1880 Census  ===


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:1880 census 1.JPG|Front of the 1880 Census Form
Image:1857 Austrian empire census (part 1).jpeg|1857 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 1-28)
Image:1880 census 2.jpg|Back of the 1880 Census Form
Image:1857 Austrian empire census (part 2).JPG|1857 Census Form Heading Translation (columns 29-61)
Image:1880 census 3.jpg|1880 Census Form with the Birth Certificate attached
</gallery>
</gallery>  


=== 1890 Census  ===
==Special Censuses ==


<gallery>
=== 1793 Jewish Census  ===
Image:1890 census 1.jpg|Front of the 1890 Census Form
Image:1890 census 2.jpg|Back of the 1890 Census Form
</gallery>
== 1793 Jewish Census  ==


The ''1793 Bohemian census of Jewish families'' (Soupis židovských rodin v Čechách z roku 1793) was published by The National Archives in Prague for the following regions:  
The ''1793 Bohemian census of Jewish families'' (Soupis židovských rodin v Čechách z roku 1793) was published by The National Archives in Prague for the following regions:  


Vol.1.<br>Loketsko<br>Boleslavsko<br>Budějovicko<br>  
Vol.1. -- Loketsko, Boleslavsko, Budějovicko<br>  
 
Vol.2. -- Kouřimsko, Bydžovsko, Litoměřicko<br>  


Vol.2.<br>Kouřimsko<br>Bydžovsko<br>Litoměřicko<br>  
Vol.3. -- Prácheňsko, Berounsko, Táborsko<br>  


Vol.3.<br>Prácheňsko<br>Berounsko<br>Táborsko<br>  
Vol.4. -- Chrudimsko, Plzeňsko, Žatecko, Hradecko<br>  


Vol.4.<br>Chrudimsko<br>Plzeňsko<br>Žatecko<br>Hradecko<br>  
Vol.5. -- Čáslavsko, Klatovsko, Rakovnicko<br>  


Vol.5.<br>Čáslavsko<br>Klatovsko<br>Rakovnicko<br>  
Vol.6./1.&amp; 2. -- Praha<br>  


Vol.6./1.&amp; 2.<br>Praha<br>
The FamilySearch Library has published copies of the 1793 Jewish census (FS Library INTL Book 943.71 K3s vol. 1-6).


The Family History Library has published copies of the 1793 Jewish census (FHL INTL Book 943.71 K3s vol. 1-6).
=== 1783 Jewish Census  ===
== 1783 Jewish Census  ==


Unlike the previous Jewish census of 1724, this enumeration was not conducted to help limit the Jewish population, but rather to produce data for taxation purposes. The individual sheets include the name of the region, family residence (farm estate,village), the name of the head of household (including widow), status (married, single) and number of children, his profession, the amount of tax paid, and notes.  
Unlike the previous Jewish census of 1724, this enumeration was not conducted to help limit the Jewish population, but rather to produce data for taxation purposes. The individual sheets include the name of the region, family residence (farm estate,village), the name of the head of household (including widow), status (married, single) and number of children, his profession, the amount of tax paid, and notes.  
Line 149: Line 180:
Vol.1.<br>Berounsko<br>Boleslavsko<br>Bydžovsko<br>Čáslavsko<br>Kouřimsko<br>Litoměřicko<br>  
Vol.1.<br>Berounsko<br>Boleslavsko<br>Bydžovsko<br>Čáslavsko<br>Kouřimsko<br>Litoměřicko<br>  


The Family History Library has the following published copy of the 1783 Jewish census:  
The FamilySearch Library has the following published copy of the 1783 Jewish census:  


*Ebelová, Ivana. Soupis židovských familiantů v Čechách z roku 1783 = Verzeichnis der Judenfamilianten in Böhmen von 1783. (List of Jewish families in Bohemia in 1783). Praha&nbsp;: Národní Archiv, c2008. (FHL INTL Book 943.71 K3e)
*Ebelová, Ivana. Soupis židovských familiantů v Čechách z roku 1783 = Verzeichnis der Judenfamilianten in Böhmen von 1783. (List of Jewish families in Bohemia in 1783). Praha : Národní Archiv, c2008. (FS Library INTL Book 943.71 K3e)


== 1770 Census of Prague  ==
=== 1770 Census of Prague  ===


The Family History Library has a published copy of the census for parts of the city of Prague.  
The FamilySearch Library has a published copy of the census for parts of the city of Prague.  


The 1770 Prague census of heads of families for the subdivision Old Town (Popis obyvatelstva hlavního města Prahy z roku 1770). FHL INTL Book 943.71/P3 X2p  
The 1770 Prague census of heads of families for the subdivision Old Town (Popis obyvatelstva hlavního města Prahy z roku 1770). FS Library INTL Book 943.71/P3 X2p  
== 1651 Register of Subjects According to Their Religion (Soupis poddaných podle víry z roku 1651)  ==
=== 1651 Register of Subjects According to Their Religion ===  


=== Introduction  ===
==== Introduction  ====


The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' lists town by town, village by village, almost every man and woman, and many children in Bohemia in the year 1651. The census was ordered by the Habsburg ruler as part of the re-Catholization process. The goal of the census was to determine how many people had remained loyal to the Roman Catholic faith, who had become protestant, and whether they were willing to say they would convert to Catholicism.  
The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' (Soupis poddaných podle víry z roku 1651) lists town by town, village by village, almost every man and woman, and many children in Bohemia in the year 1651. The census was ordered by the Habsburg ruler as part of the re-Catholization process. The goal of the census was to determine how many people had remained loyal to the Roman Catholic faith, who had become protestant, and whether they were willing to say they would convert to Catholicism.  


=== Historical Background ===
==== Historical Background ====
The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' was drawn up in 1651 as part of the attempt of the Habsburg monarchy to re-Catholize Bohemia after victory at the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. Bohemian nobles and higher clergy were largely anti-Habsburg and continued to hope for a restoration.  
The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' was drawn up in 1651 as part of the attempt of the Habsburg monarchy to re-Catholize Bohemia after victory at the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. Bohemian nobles and higher clergy were largely anti-Habsburg and continued to hope for a restoration.  


Line 175: Line 206:
Most feudal estates had complied with the requirements of the ''Patent'' by the summer of 1651. But on June 1651, before the project of writing up the register had been completed in all regions of the country, the office of the Governor of Bohemia issued a second Patent, abandoning the detailed, standardized form and ordering local administrators simply to provide a brief report concerning non-Catholic individuals. As a result, on some feudal estates the register in the original format was never drawn up at all. In others, it had already been written up but it had not yet been sent in to the central government. The situation differed from one region to another, and it is sometimes impossible to discover, why it has not survived.  
Most feudal estates had complied with the requirements of the ''Patent'' by the summer of 1651. But on June 1651, before the project of writing up the register had been completed in all regions of the country, the office of the Governor of Bohemia issued a second Patent, abandoning the detailed, standardized form and ordering local administrators simply to provide a brief report concerning non-Catholic individuals. As a result, on some feudal estates the register in the original format was never drawn up at all. In others, it had already been written up but it had not yet been sent in to the central government. The situation differed from one region to another, and it is sometimes impossible to discover, why it has not survived.  


=== Description ===
==== Description ====


[[Image:1651 census of Podebrady.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>1651 Census of Podebrady</center>]]  
[[Image:1651 census of Podebrady.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>1651 Census of Podebrady</center>]]  
Line 193: Line 224:
In conclusion, we can state that the Bohemian ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' accomplished its purpose. It mapped out the "terrain" of Bohemia in 1651 and provided a certain basic foundation of information which the ecclesiastical hierarchy needed in order to make progress with re-Catholization and obtain restitution of church property.
In conclusion, we can state that the Bohemian ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' accomplished its purpose. It mapped out the "terrain" of Bohemia in 1651 and provided a certain basic foundation of information which the ecclesiastical hierarchy needed in order to make progress with re-Catholization and obtain restitution of church property.


=== Publication ===
==== Publication ====
[[Image:Bohemian regions1751-1849.jpg|thumb|right|350px|<center>Bohemian Regions 1751-1849</center>]]
[[Image:Bohemian regions1751-1849.jpg|thumb|right|350px|<center>Bohemian Regions 1751-1849</center>]]
The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' (Soupis poddaných podle víry z roku 1651) was published by The National Archives in Prague for the following regions:  
The ''Register of Subjects According to Their Religion'' (Soupis poddaných podle víry z roku 1651) was published by The National Archives in Prague for the following regions:  
Line 199: Line 230:
Loketsko 1<br>Boleslavsko 1-2<br>Berounsko 1<br>Rakovnicko 1<br>Žatecko 1-3<br>Bechyňsko 1-3<br>Kouřimsko 1<br>Čáslavsko 1-2<br>Hradecko-Bydžovsko 1-4<br>Chrudimsko 1-3<br>Plzeňsko-Klatovsko 1-2<br>  
Loketsko 1<br>Boleslavsko 1-2<br>Berounsko 1<br>Rakovnicko 1<br>Žatecko 1-3<br>Bechyňsko 1-3<br>Kouřimsko 1<br>Čáslavsko 1-2<br>Hradecko-Bydžovsko 1-4<br>Chrudimsko 1-3<br>Plzeňsko-Klatovsko 1-2<br>  


The final volume of each regional set contains an index of place names and a fold out map of 1:200,000 scale. The Family History Library has published copies of the 1651 register (FHL INTL Book 943.71 X2).
The final volume of each regional set contains an index of place names and a fold out map of 1:200,000 scale. The FamilySearch Library has published copies of the 1651 register (FS Library INTL Book 943.71 X2).
 
== Websites  ==
 
*[http://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?lang=en The South Bohemian Census 1857-1921]<br>Click on the ''Census'' link under ''Digitized Materials'' on the left.
 
'''A wiki article describing this collection is found at:'''


[[Czech Republic Censuses - FamilySearch Historical Records|Czech Republic Censuses (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]


== References ==
== References ==


{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Czech_Republic]]
[[Category:Czechia]]
[[Category:Census records by country|Czechia]]
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