Czechia Languages: Difference between revisions

Czechia Languages (view source)

4,203 bytes added , 21 March

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Czech Republic-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
+{{CountrySidebar
-| link1=[[Czech Republic Genealogy|Czech Republic]]
+|Country=Czechia
+|Name=Czechia
+|Type=Topic
+|Topic Type=Background
+|Background=Languages
+|Rating=Standardized
+}}{{breadcrumb
+| link1=[[Czechia Genealogy|Czechia]]
 | link2=
 | link3=
 | link4=
-| link5=[[Czech Republic Languages|Languages]]
+| link5=[[Czechia Languages|Languages]]
 }}
+==Description==
+The '''Czech''' language (divided into three dialects in '''Bohemia''', four dialects in '''Moravia''', and two dialects in '''Czech Silesia''') is the official language of Czechia.<br>
+There is also the transitional '''Cieszyn Silesian''' dialect as well as the Polish language in Cieszyn Silesia, both spoken in '''Czech Silesia'''.<br>
+Various Sudeten German dialects are currently practically extinct: present Czech Germans speak mainly '''Czech''' or '''Standard German'''.<br>
+'''Czech Sign Language''' is the language of most of the deaf community.
+As of 2022 there are 14 officially recognized minorities which enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law. They are (alphabetically): <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of the Czech Republic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic#Officially_recognized_minorities, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref>
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusians Belarusians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarians Bulgarians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats Croatians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans Germans]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks Greeks]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarians Hungarians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_people Poles]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people Romani people]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians Russians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyns Rusyns]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbs Serbians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovaks Slovaks]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainians Ukrainians]'''
+*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people Vietnamese]'''
+'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Czechia_Languages#:~:text=Record%20Research%20Help Additional Record Search Help]'''
+==Word List(s)==
+For word lists and help researching in Czech records, see:
+*[[Czech Genealogical Word List]]
+*[[Czechia Handwriting]]
+*[[Czechia Reading Aids]]
+*[[German Genealogical Word List]]
+*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
+*[[Polish Genealogical Word List]]
+'''Czech'''
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Czech_phrasebook Czech phrasebook (Wikitravel)]
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/czech.php Useful Czech phrases (Omniglot)]
+==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
+'''Czech'''
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_phonology Czech phonology (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://forvo.com/languages/cs/ Czech pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
+*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/czech.htm Czech Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
+'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Czechia_Languages#:~:text=the%20Czech%20Republic.-,Czech%20Grammar,-Czech%20language%20is Czech Grammar Help]'''
+==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
+'''Czech'''
+*[https://slovnik.seznam.cz/preklad/anglicky Czech to English (Seznam.cz)]
+*[https://glosbe.com/en/cs English to Czech Dictionary (Glosbe)]
+*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/czech_dictionary.htm Czech dictionary (Lexilogos)]
+*[https://www.duolingo.com/course/cs/en/Learn-Czech Learn Czech (Duolingo)]
+* Čermák, František. ''A Course of Czech language = Základní učebnice češtiny.'' Praha: Universita Karlova, 1991. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/123244822 WorldCat].
+'''Dictionaries in Czech Language''':<br>
+* Pařez, Jan. ''Česko-anglický příruční slovník genealogický.'' Prague: Scriptorium, 2016. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1096191713 WorldCat]. (This dictionary is a must for the Czech researchers when records and documents are written in Czech. It includes occupations, causes of death etc. Supplements include Czech alphabet, a dictionary of personal names and a dictionary of supreme land and court offices.)
+* Lutonský, Boleslav. ''Lexikon genealoga.'' Praha: B. Lutonský, 2003. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/53271779 WorldCat]. (Genealogical vocabulary that includes not only old-fashioned expressions that the researcher may encounter in their work, but also terms used in archival material (such as old documents, land tablets, urbarium, estate records etc.), overview of guilds, and important crafts. It also includes a chapter on measurements, a chapter on currency and a list of frequently used abbreviations.)
+* Lutonský, Boleslav and Jaroslav Černý. ''Latinsko-německo-český slovník nemocí, úrazů a příčin smrti a výrazů s nimi souvisejících (nejen) pro genealogy.'' Praha: Ringier ČR, 1995. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/36612303 WorldCat]. (Latin-German-Czech dictionary of diseases, injuries and causes of death: and terms related to them (not only) for genealogists)
+{| style="float:right; margin-right:30px"
+|-
+| style="padding-right:0px"|
+|[[Image:Handy Czech-English Genealogical Dictionary.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<center>Handy Czech-English Genealogical Dictionary<center>]]
+|[[Image:Lexikon.jpg|thumb|left|150px|<center>Lexikon<center>]]
+|}
+==Additional Resources==
+*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Czech-Republic Czech Republic (Britannica)]
+*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Czech_Republic Czech Republic (Wikitravel)]<br>
+'''Record Research Help'''<br>
 <!--{12090747748960} -->Most of the people in the Czech Republic speak the Czech language. Czech is a Slavic language related to Slovak, Polish and Russian. However, Czech was not recognized as an official language until 1877 in Bohemia and 1905 in Moravia. It was seldom used as a written language until the late 1800s. Except for modern records of the 1900s, records in the Czech Republic were written mostly in Latin and German. Other languages sometimes used in Czech records include [[Media:Old_Church_Slavonic_Numbers%2C_Dates%2C_and_Months_by_Matthew_Bialawa.pdf|Old Church Slavonic]], Polish, Hebrew, and Yiddish.
@@ Line 17: / Line 93: @@
 <br>
-For word lists and help researching in Czech records, see:
+'''Czech Grammar'''<br>
-*[[Czech Republic Genealogical Word List]]
+Czech language is highly inflective, words may have different endings depending on usage.<br>
-*[[Czech Republic Handwriting]]
-*[[Czech Republic Reading Aids]]
+*Josef, syn Antonína Ryby a Anny roz. Novákové = Josef, son of Antonín Ryba and Anna Novaková
-*[[German Genealogical Word List]]
+*Manželství mezi Michalem Dostalíkem a Anežkou Marii Seidlerovou = Marriage between Michal Dostalík and Anežka Marie Seidlerová<br>
-*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
-*[[Polish Genealogical Word List]]
-=== Česká abeceda/The Czech Alphabet  ===
+''Česká abeceda/The Czech Alphabet''<br>
 A, a, Á, á B, b C, c, Č, č D, d, Ď, ď E, e, É, é, ě F, f G, g H, h Ch, ch I, i, Í, í J, j K, k L, l M, m N, n, Ň, ň O, o, Ó, ó P, p Q, q R, r, Ř, ř S, s, Š, š T, t, Ť, ť U, u, Ú, ú, ů V, v W, w X, x Y, y, Ý, ý Z, z, Ž, ž
@@ Line 33: / Line 107: @@
 Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order:
-a,á &nbsp;b &nbsp;c,č &nbsp;d,ď&nbsp; e,é,ě&nbsp; f&nbsp; g&nbsp; h&nbsp; ch&nbsp; i,í&nbsp; j&nbsp; k&nbsp; l&nbsp; m&nbsp; n,ň&nbsp; o,ó&nbsp; p&nbsp; (q)&nbsp; r,ř&nbsp; s,š&nbsp; t,ť&nbsp; u,ú,ů&nbsp; v&nbsp; (w)&nbsp; (x)&nbsp; y,ý&nbsp; z,ž&nbsp;
+a,á  b  c,č  d,ď  e,é,ě  f  g  h  ch  i,í  j  k  l  m  n,ň  o,ó  p  (q)  r,ř  s,š  t,ť  u,ú,ů  v  (w)  (x)  y,ý  z,ž
-=== Pronunciation  ===
+''Pronunciation''
 {| class="MsoNormalTable FCK__ShowTableBorders"
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 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">A</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">a</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">o</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 49: / Line 123: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Á</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">á</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">a</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 57: / Line 131: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">B</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">b</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">b</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 65: / Line 139: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">C</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">c</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ts</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 73: / Line 147: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Č</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">č</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 81: / Line 155: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">D</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">d</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">d</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 89: / Line 163: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ď</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ď</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>
 |
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 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">E</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">e</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">e</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 105: / Line 179: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">É</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">é</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ea</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 113: / Line 187: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ě</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ě</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ye</span></span></center>
 |
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 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">F</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">f</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">f</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 129: / Line 203: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">G</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 137: / Line 211: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">H</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">h</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">h</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 145: / Line 219: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">CH</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>
 |
-<span class="tiny2"><span>sound in lo<u>ch</u></span></span><span class="tiny2"><span> (aspirated)</span></span><span />
+<span class="tiny2"><span>sound in lo<u>ch</u></span></span><span class="tiny2"><span> (aspirated)</span></span>
 |-
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">I</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 161: / Line 235: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Í</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">í</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ee</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 169: / Line 243: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">J</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">j</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">y</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 177: / Line 251: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">K</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">k</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">k</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 185: / Line 259: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">L</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">l</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">l</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 193: / Line 267: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">M</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">m</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">m</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 201: / Line 275: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">N</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">n</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">n</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 209: / Line 283: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ň</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ň</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ny</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 217: / Line 291: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">O</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">o</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">o</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 225: / Line 299: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ó</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ó</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oa</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 233: / Line 307: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">P</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">p</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">p</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 241: / Line 315: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">R</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">r</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">r</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 249: / Line 323: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ř</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ř</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">rsh</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 257: / Line 331: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">S</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">s</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">s</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 265: / Line 339: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Š</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">š</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">sh</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 273: / Line 347: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">T</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">t</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">t</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 281: / Line 355: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ť</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ť</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ty</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 289: / Line 363: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">U</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">u</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">u</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 297: / Line 371: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ú</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ú</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oo</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 305: / Line 379: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ů</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ů</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oo</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 313: / Line 387: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">V</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">v</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">v</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 321: / Line 395: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Y</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">y</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 329: / Line 403: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ý</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ý</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ee</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 337: / Line 411: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Z</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">z</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">z</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 345: / Line 419: @@
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ž</span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ž</span></span></center>
-| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span /></center>
+| <center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span></center>
 | <center><span><span class="visualHighlight">zh</span></span></center>
 |
@@ Line 352: / Line 426: @@
 |-
 | colspan="4" |
-<span><span class="visualHighlight"><span />Qq, Ww, Xx</span></span>
+<span><span class="visualHighlight">Qq, Ww, Xx</span></span>
 |
-<span class="tiny2"><span>are used in foreign words only</span></span><span />
+<span class="tiny2"><span>are used in foreign words only</span></span>
 |}
-NOTE: the letter combination “CH" is treated as a single character and is alphabetized after the letter “H”<span class="visualHighlight" />
+NOTE: the letter combination “CH" is treated as a single character and is alphabetized after the letter “H”
-=== Grammar  ===
-Czech language is highly inflective, words may have different endings depending on usage.
-*Josef, syn Antonína Ryby a Anny roz. Novákové = Josef, son of Antonín Ryba and Anna Novaková
-*Manželství mezi Michalem Dostalíkem a Anežkou Marii Seidlerovou = Marriage between Michal Dostalík and Anežka Marie Seidlerová
-=== Language of the Records  ===
+''Reading Old Texts''<br>
-A basic knowledge of a few languages is required to read Czech records. Obtain a copy of the various genealogical lists available at the Family History Library or click on the links below.
-=== Reading Old Texts  ===
 Here are some letter combinations you may encounter in the old texts and their modern equivalents:
@@ Line 378: / Line 441: @@
 '''cz''' read as '''c''' or '''č'''<br>'''cž/čz''' read as '''č'''<br>'''rz/rž''' read as '''ř'''<br>'''ss''' read as '''š'''<br>'''g''' read as '''j'''<br>'''y''' read as '''y''' or '''j''' <br>'''j''' read as '''í'''<br>'''v''' read as '''u''' (at the beginning of words)<br>'''ie''' read as '''ě'''<br>'''au''' read as '''ou'''<br>'''w''' read as '''v'''<br>
-=== Language Aids  ===
+==References==
-See the examples of the Czech Script Alphabet at [http://www.genea.cz/uploads/media/Pisma1Full.pdf a to m] [http://www.genea.cz/uploads/media/Pisma2Full.pdf n to ž]
-[[Category:Czech_Republic Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
+[[Category:Czechia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]

Czechia Languages: Difference between revisions

Czechia Languages (view source)

Revision as of 10:59, 21 March 2025