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''[[Indians of Wyoming|Indians of Wyoming]] > Kiowa Apache Indians''
{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[Indigenous Peoples of the United States Genealogy|Indigenous Peoples of the US]]
| link3=[[Wyoming, United States Genealogy|Wyoming]]
| link4=[[Indians of Wyoming|Indians of Wyoming]]
| link5=[[Kiowa Apache Indians]]
}}


{{infobox ethnic group
{{infobox ethnic group
|group = Kiowa Apache
|group = Kiowa Apache
|image = [[Image:(URL for image from Wiki Media List)|232x231px]]
|image = [[Image:Kiowa Apache-Chief Pacer (Peso, Essa-queta) wearing earings,Photo. by William S. Soule, 1868-74-NO.113.jpg|232x231px]]
|poptime =  
|poptime =  
<table style="background: none; width: 100%;" rules="rows">
<table style="background: none; width: 100%;" rules="rows">
<tr>
<tr>
<td>1971</td>
<td>1971</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">400</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}<ref>Muriel H. Wright. A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.</ref></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">400</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%| }}<ref>Muriel H. Wright. A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>1905</td>
<td>1905</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">155</td><td>{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">155</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>1891</td>
<td>1891</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">325</td><td>{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">325</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>1780</td>
<td>1780</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">400</td><td>{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}<ref>Barry M. Pritzker. A Native American Encyclopedia:History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 295.</ref></td>
<td style="text-align: right;">400</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}<ref>Barry M. Pritzker. A Native American Encyclopedia:History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 295.</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
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<small></small>
<small></small>
|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': northeast Wyoming and Upper Plains, as far south as Oklahoma<br>  
|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': northeast Wyoming and Upper Plains, as far south as Oklahoma<br>  
'''Descendants''':<br>
'''Descendants''':<br>Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, in and near Anadarko, Oklahoma
[[(name of reservation) Indian Reservation (name of state)|(name of reservation) Reservation]] in (name of state).<br>
 
|status = Federally recognized
|status = Federally recognized
|linguistic = not yet researched
|linguistic = Athapaskan
|cultural = not yet researched
|cultural = Plains
|related-c = other tribes
|related-c = Kiowa, Cheyenne and Arapaho
}}  
}}  


'''Alternate Names and Spellings:'''Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, Nadi-ish-dena, Plains Apache, Prairie Apache  
'''Alternate Names and Spellings:''' Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, Nadi-ish-dena, Plains Apache, Prairie Apache  
 
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===
 
Apache Tribe of Oklahoma<br>511 E Colorado Dr<br>Anadarko, OK 73005-5218<br>Ph. 1.405-247-2330


=== History  ===
=== History  ===
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Other than the Na-Dene linguistic family heritage, there is no connection with the "Apache Nation," including the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma. The Kiowa Apache are a distinct tribe, although they associated with other tribes including the Kiowa, and in recent years, the Apache.  
Other than the Na-Dene linguistic family heritage, there is no connection with the "Apache Nation," including the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma. The Kiowa Apache are a distinct tribe, although they associated with other tribes including the Kiowa, and in recent years, the Apache.  


==== Brief Timeline  ====
=== Brief Timeline  ===


*1805 -- Lewis and Clark described them as living between the heads of 2 forks of the Cheyenne River in the Black Hills region of northeast Wyoming.  
*1805 -- Lewis and Clark described them as living between the heads of 2 forks of the Cheyenne River in the Black Hills region of northeast Wyoming.  
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*1867 -- By the Treat of Medicine Lodge, they were formally reunited with the Kiowa.
*1867 -- By the Treat of Medicine Lodge, they were formally reunited with the Kiowa.


==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ====
[[Image:Kiowa Apachean 18-century Map.png|right|400px|Kiowa Apachean 18-century Map.png]]
 
=== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ===


*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/kiowa/kiowaapachehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Kiowa Apache tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/kiowa/kiowaapachehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Kiowa Apache tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.


=== Tribal Headquarters ===
=== Records ===


Apache Tribe of Oklahoma<br>511 E Colorado Dr<br>Anadarko, OK 73005-5218<br>Ph. 405-247-2330
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:


=== Records ===
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


==== Agencies  ====
=== Agencies  ===


The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the (name of tribe) for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.  
The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the (name of tribe) for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.  


The agencies which had jurisdiction over a major portion of the (name of tribe) in the United States were:  
The agencies which had jurisdiction over a major portion of the Kiowa in the United States were:
 
[[Upper Platte Indian Agency|Upper Platte Agency]] 1846-55
 
[[Upper Arkansas Indian Agency|Upper Arkansas Agency]] 1856-64
 
[[Kiowa Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa Agency]] 1864-80
 
==== Superintendencies  ====
 
The following superintendencies had jurisdiction over the tribe:
 
[[Western Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Western Superintendency]]
 
[[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]]


==== Census (a specific type of record kept by the BIA Agencies)  ====
[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]


The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records, [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here]].
[[Colorado Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Colorado Superintendency]]  


The following table lists the census rolls for the (name of tribe) Indians: <br>
=== Census (a specific type of record kept by the BIA Agencies) ===


==== Correspondence  ====
The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. See [[American Indian Census Rolls|American Indian Census Rolls]] for more information.


There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of Indians, hostilities, plans for building facilities, activities of traders or missionaries, etc. Occasionally, there will be names of individuals but little detail about them. For more information about American Indian correspondence, [[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|click here]].
The following table lists the census rolls for the (name of tribe) Indians:


The following table lists some of the correspondence records relating to the (name of tribe) Indians:
Kiowa Census M595


<br>
1903-1920    FS Library film  576900


<br>
1900-1904    FS Library film 576901


<br>
1905-1913    FS Library film 576902


<br>Some correspondence for the following field offices may be included in the records of those offices preserved in the research facilities indicated.
1914-1917    FS Library film 576903


<br>
1918-1921    FS Library film 576904


<br> <br>
1922-1925    FS Library film 576905
 
1926-1929  FS Library film 576906
 
1930          FS Library film 576907
 
1931          FS Library film  576908
 
1932          FS Library film 576909
 
1933          FS Library film 576910
 
1934-1936  FS Library film 579911
 
1937-1939  FS Library film 579912
 
====Vital Records====
 
from M595
 
Births and Deaths 1924-1932  FS Library film 576909
 
Births and Deaths 1930-1936    FS Library film 579911
 
=== Correspondence  ===
 
There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of Indians, hostilities, plans for building facilities, activities of traders or missionaries, etc. Occasionally, there will be names of individuals but little detail about them. For more information about American Indian correspondence, [[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|click here]].
 
The following table lists some of the correspondence records relating to the (name of tribe) Indians:
 
Some correspondence for the following field offices may be included in the records of those offices preserved in the research facilities indicated.


==== Treaties  ====
==== Treaties  ====


During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]].  
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. See [[American Indian Treaties with the United States]] for more more information about treaties.  


Treaties to which the (name of tribe) Indians were a part were: <br>  
Treaties to which the (name of tribe) Indians were a part were: <br>  
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Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the [[American Indian Census Rolls|"Indian Census Rolls."]] Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the [[American Indian Census Rolls|"Indian Census Rolls."]] Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  


Some vital records for the (name of tribe) Indians include:  
Some vital records for the (name of tribe) Indians include:


=== Important Web Sites ===
=== Important Websites ===


=== References  ===
=== References  ===
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*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].  
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. {{WorldCat|317923332}}; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1122745&disp=Reference+encyclopedia+of+the+American+I%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 R259e].  
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. {{WorldCat|317923332}}; {{FSC|1122745|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 R259e}}.  
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=831087&disp=The+Gale+encyclopedia+of+Native+American%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 G131g].
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FSC|831087|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 G131g}}.


:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean  
:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean  
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:Volume 1 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 1 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4].  
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.  
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5].  
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.  
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6].  
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.  
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]  
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]  
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8].  
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.  
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9].  
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.  
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10].  
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.  
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11].  
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.  
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12].  
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.  
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]  
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]  
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]  
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]  
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15].  
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.  
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]  
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]  
Line 153: Line 216:


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].  
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].  
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1465222&disp=Encyclopedia+of+Native+American+tribes%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006].
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FSC|1465222|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.
 


[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
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