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Adding info about the history of emigration in New York
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{{Infobox
{{Infobox
| image = [[Image:Immigrants Behold the Statue of Liberty.jpg|300px]]
| image = [[Image:Immigrants Behold the Statue of Liberty.jpg|300px]]
| caption = <center>Arriving immigrants behold the {{wpd|Statue of Liberty}}.</center>
| caption = <center>Arriving immigrants behold the {{wpd|Statue of Liberty}}.</center>
| below = <br>.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;Give me your tired, your poor, <br>
| below = <br>Give me your tired, your poor, <br>
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, <br>
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, <br>
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <br>
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <br>
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, <br>&nbsp;
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, <br>
I lift my lamp beside the golden door! <ref>Emma Lazarus, excerpt from {{wpd|The New Colossus}} in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 21 March 2012).</ref> <br>
I lift my lamp beside the golden door! <ref>Emma Lazarus, excerpt from {{wpd|The New Colossus}} in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 21 March 2012).</ref> <br>
<center>{{wpd|Emma Lazarus}}, 1883</center>  
<center>{{wpd|Emma Lazarus}}, 1883</center>  
}}
}}


 
== Introduction ==
__TOC__


The [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] Wiki article provides several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in New York. The [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's original hometown.  
The [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] Wiki article provides several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in New York. The [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's original hometown.  


=== Online Resources ===
== Online Resources ==


*{{RecordSearch|1923888|New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957}} — index and images  
*{{RecordSearch|1923888|New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957}} — index and images  
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*{{RecordSearch|1823240|Canada Passenger Lists, 1881-1922}} at [https://familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images
*{{RecordSearch|1823240|Canada Passenger Lists, 1881-1922}} at [https://familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images


=== Immigration Records  ===
== History ==
Immigration to the United States was relatively low until the second half of the 19th century, despite encouragement from the federal government for able-bodied individuals to settle western lands. Few laws protected these immigrants upon arrival in the United States. The lack of regulation or legislation concerning immigration meant that foreigners who arrived in New York City were often found knocking on the doors of almshouses or city hospitals in desperate need of help. The state of New York passed the responsibility of immigrants to New York City but still provided financial support to help fund this expensive endeavor. In 1824 New York passed the Passenger Act, which made the vessels arriving at the Port of New York partly responsible for the expenses associated with the needy immigrants they transported to and deposited in New York City. More regulations (from both the United States government and the State of New York) were enacted in the 1830s and 1840s to protect both immigrants and ease the burden immigrants placed on New York City. On August 1, 1855 [[US Immigration History#Castle_Garden|Castle Garden]] was opened as an "Emigrant Receiving Depot." It was the first official immigrant receiving station in the United States. Castle Garden continued to function as New York's emigration receiving station until the early 1890, when [[US Immigration History#Ellis_Island|Ellis Island]] opened. The Barge Office (federally-run) was the temporary receiving station after Ellis Island was destroyed by fire. On January 1, 1892, Ellis Island permanently opened. For more information on the history of emigration in New York, read "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island" by Nancy Levin Arbeiter.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref>
 
== Immigration Records  ==


New York City was the major port of entry for immigrants coming to the United States.  
New York City was the major port of entry for immigrants coming to the United States.  
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[[Image:Ny-allegheny river325w.jpg|thumb|right|Ny-allegheny river325w.jpg]]
[[Image:Ny-allegheny river325w.jpg|thumb|right|Ny-allegheny river325w.jpg]]


=== Migration Patterns in New York State  ===
== Migration Patterns in New York State  ==


'''Pre-Revolutionary War.''' Before 1775 settlement in New York was confined to the Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Delaware valleys until after the Revolutionary War. During and after the war, New Yorkers loyal to the King of England emigrated to Canada and elsewhere. The Revolutionary War temporarily halted further expansion into the interior. Once the war was over and the title to western lands was obtained from the Iroquois in 1786, New Englanders flocked to all parts of the state. In the two decades after the war, 500,000 new settlers came into New York, and the state tripled its population.  
'''Pre-Revolutionary War.''' Before 1775 settlement in New York was confined to the Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Delaware valleys until after the Revolutionary War. During and after the war, New Yorkers loyal to the King of England emigrated to Canada and elsewhere. The Revolutionary War temporarily halted further expansion into the interior. Once the war was over and the title to western lands was obtained from the Iroquois in 1786, New Englanders flocked to all parts of the state. In the two decades after the war, 500,000 new settlers came into New York, and the state tripled its population.  
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:::This hospital was organized in 1869 and began placing out children in 1873.<br><br>
:::This hospital was organized in 1869 and began placing out children in 1873.<br><br>


==== Colonial Settlers  ====
=== Colonial Settlers  ===


===== African Americans  =====
==== African Americans  ====


The Dutch brought the first Blacks to New York during colonial times. Blacks composed about 10 percent of the population during the eighteenth century. The greatest migration of Blacks came from the southern states and Caribbean after World War II.  
The Dutch brought the first Blacks to New York during colonial times. Blacks composed about 10 percent of the population during the eighteenth century. The greatest migration of Blacks came from the southern states and Caribbean after World War II.  
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The Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc. has a local chapter in Greater New York. To learn more, visit their [http://aahgs.org/chapters.htm#ny website].  
The Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc. has a local chapter in Greater New York. To learn more, visit their [http://aahgs.org/chapters.htm#ny website].  


===== American Indians  =====
==== American Indians  ====


The original inhabitants of New York were Algonquian (Lenni Lenape, [[Mohegan Indians|Mohegan]], and Wappinger) and Iroquoian tribes ([[Mohawk Indians|Mohawk]], Oneida, [[Onondaga Indians|Onondaga]], [[Cayuga Indians|Cayuga]], and [[Seneca Indians|Seneca]]). The [[Tuscarora Indians|Tuscarora tribe]] from [[North Carolina Genealogy|North Carolina]] migrated to New York and joined the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois Confederacy]] in the 1700s.  
The original inhabitants of New York were Algonquian (Lenni Lenape, [[Mohegan Indians|Mohegan]], and Wappinger) and Iroquoian tribes ([[Mohawk Indians|Mohawk]], Oneida, [[Onondaga Indians|Onondaga]], [[Cayuga Indians|Cayuga]], and [[Seneca Indians|Seneca]]). The [[Tuscarora Indians|Tuscarora tribe]] from [[North Carolina Genealogy|North Carolina]] migrated to New York and joined the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois Confederacy]] in the 1700s.  
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See also [[Indians of New York]].  
See also [[Indians of New York]].  


===== Dutch and Walloons  =====
==== Dutch and Walloons  ====


In the 1620s and 1630s, the Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians) settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island. The Dutch West India Company made settlements at New Amsterdam (New York City) and Ft. Orange (Albany) in 1624 and 1625. Later settlements were at Beverwyck (outside Fort Orange), Esopus (Kingston), and western Long Island. In 1664 the English captured New Netherland and renamed it New York.  
In the 1620s and 1630s, the Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians) settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island. The Dutch West India Company made settlements at New Amsterdam (New York City) and Ft. Orange (Albany) in 1624 and 1625. Later settlements were at Beverwyck (outside Fort Orange), Esopus (Kingston), and western Long Island. In 1664 the English captured New Netherland and renamed it New York.  
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*Zabriskie, George Olin. ''Early Dutch - New Netherlands - Family Correspondence''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1987. (Family History Library films {{FHL|532504|title-id|disp=1421766–6}}.) Contains correspondence about Dutch families from the 1500s to the 1900s. Includes information from church, military, land, and probate records.
*Zabriskie, George Olin. ''Early Dutch - New Netherlands - Family Correspondence''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1987. (Family History Library films {{FHL|532504|title-id|disp=1421766–6}}.) Contains correspondence about Dutch families from the 1500s to the 1900s. Includes information from church, military, land, and probate records.


===== English  =====
==== English  ====


In the 1640s New England settlers came to eastern Long Island. New Englanders continued to migrate to the lower Hudson Valley in the early and mid-1700s.  
In the 1640s New England settlers came to eastern Long Island. New Englanders continued to migrate to the lower Hudson Valley in the early and mid-1700s.  
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The naval office shipping lists for New York, 1713-1765 are available on microfilm {{FHL|156767|item|disp=FHL Films 965862-965865}}.
The naval office shipping lists for New York, 1713-1765 are available on microfilm {{FHL|156767|item|disp=FHL Films 965862-965865}}.


===== French Huguenots  =====
==== French Huguenots  ====


Huguenots settled on Staten Island and in New Harlem, Bushwick, and Flushing in 1657 and 1658. New Paltz, Ulster County, was founded in 1677 by Huguenots. In 1688 the Huguenots established New Rochelle in Westchester County. Non-Huguenot French Catholics from Quebec later settled large areas of the northern Adirondacks.  
Huguenots settled on Staten Island and in New Harlem, Bushwick, and Flushing in 1657 and 1658. New Paltz, Ulster County, was founded in 1677 by Huguenots. In 1688 the Huguenots established New Rochelle in Westchester County. Non-Huguenot French Catholics from Quebec later settled large areas of the northern Adirondacks.  
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*Reeve, Vera. compiler. ''Register of Qualified Huguenot Ancestors: The National Huguenot Society''. Third Edition, Washington, DC: the Society, 1983. (Family History Library book {{FHL|55570|title-id|disp=973 D2rq}}.) Genealogies and sources. See also the 1995 supplement (Family History Library book {{FHL|771567|title-id|disp=973 D2rq 1992 suppl}}.)
*Reeve, Vera. compiler. ''Register of Qualified Huguenot Ancestors: The National Huguenot Society''. Third Edition, Washington, DC: the Society, 1983. (Family History Library book {{FHL|55570|title-id|disp=973 D2rq}}.) Genealogies and sources. See also the 1995 supplement (Family History Library book {{FHL|771567|title-id|disp=973 D2rq 1992 suppl}}.)


===== Germans  =====
==== Germans  ====


German "Palatines" came in 1709/10 to the upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. It portrayed the New World as a paradise. Some lived in England for a few years. Reconstructed passenger lists are available online as part of AncestryProGenealogists' [http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/index.html Palatine Project]. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled Schoharie Valley backcountry and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. 1709ers include Valentin Bresseler (ancestor of Elvis Presley) and Jost Hite "Baron of the Shenandoah."<ref name="hank" /><ref>Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, ''German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761'' (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). {{FHL|488732|item|disp=FHL Book 929.273 H637j}}.</ref>&nbsp; The "[http://www.nbc.com/who-do-you-think-you-are/bios-season-2/tim-mcgraw/ Tim McGraw]" episode of ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' (NBC) brings this immigration story to life. McGraw descends from Hite. DNA has been collected from descendants of many 1709ers, see [http://www.worldfamilies.net/surnames/palatine/pats The Palatine DNA Project]. Many original documents regarding this migration are available on microfilm through FamilySearch, see {{FHL|289277|item|disp=''Collection of original documents selected from the Public Record Office relating to the Palatine immigration : original documents selected for filming from the Colonial Office and Treasury Papers'' (Arthur D. Graeff).}}<br>  
German "Palatines" came in 1709/10 to the upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. It portrayed the New World as a paradise. Some lived in England for a few years. Reconstructed passenger lists are available online as part of AncestryProGenealogists' [http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/index.html Palatine Project]. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled Schoharie Valley backcountry and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. 1709ers include Valentin Bresseler (ancestor of Elvis Presley) and Jost Hite "Baron of the Shenandoah."<ref name="hank" /><ref>Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, ''German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761'' (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). {{FHL|488732|item|disp=FHL Book 929.273 H637j}}.</ref>&nbsp; The "[http://www.nbc.com/who-do-you-think-you-are/bios-season-2/tim-mcgraw/ Tim McGraw]" episode of ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' (NBC) brings this immigration story to life. McGraw descends from Hite. DNA has been collected from descendants of many 1709ers, see [http://www.worldfamilies.net/surnames/palatine/pats The Palatine DNA Project]. Many original documents regarding this migration are available on microfilm through FamilySearch, see {{FHL|289277|item|disp=''Collection of original documents selected from the Public Record Office relating to the Palatine immigration : original documents selected for filming from the Colonial Office and Treasury Papers'' (Arthur D. Graeff).}}<br>  
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Before 1776 Germans and Dutch settled the Mohawk Valley.  
Before 1776 Germans and Dutch settled the Mohawk Valley.  


===== Scots and Irish  =====
==== Scots and Irish  ====


In the early 1770s Scottish and Irish immigrants settled in the upper Hudson and Delaware valleys. Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish, settled near the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the late 1600s. Millions (approximately 3 million) Irish (mostly Catholic) immigrated to the United States. Hundreds of thousands&nbsp;settled&nbsp;in New York City in especially the mid to late 19th Century. Some stayed for a few years and then migrated into the rest of the United States. Their migration fanned out into the midwest, i.e. Chicago St. Louis, south (Alabama and Georgia) and out west. Visit the [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=sl Famine Emigrants 1846-1851 database at the NARA] website for an online search of nearly 700,000 Irish Famine Immigrants, representing one of the most significant&nbsp;immigration epics of all time in America's history. In 1855, one in every four, or 54 percent of New York City's foreign-born population were Irish with over 200,000 registered as "born in Ireland". The largest New York immigrant passenger-list index, available for the first time for the years 1820 to 1957, is now online at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/DB.aspx?dbid=7488 Ancestry.com] with 68 million names. Here is&nbsp;an enlarged [[List of Irish Emigration]] websites for locating Irish ancestors on ships.  
In the early 1770s Scottish and Irish immigrants settled in the upper Hudson and Delaware valleys. Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish, settled near the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the late 1600s. Millions (approximately 3 million) Irish (mostly Catholic) immigrated to the United States. Hundreds of thousands&nbsp;settled&nbsp;in New York City in especially the mid to late 19th Century. Some stayed for a few years and then migrated into the rest of the United States. Their migration fanned out into the midwest, i.e. Chicago St. Louis, south (Alabama and Georgia) and out west. Visit the [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=sl Famine Emigrants 1846-1851 database at the NARA] website for an online search of nearly 700,000 Irish Famine Immigrants, representing one of the most significant&nbsp;immigration epics of all time in America's history. In 1855, one in every four, or 54 percent of New York City's foreign-born population were Irish with over 200,000 registered as "born in Ireland". The largest New York immigrant passenger-list index, available for the first time for the years 1820 to 1957, is now online at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/DB.aspx?dbid=7488 Ancestry.com] with 68 million names. Here is&nbsp;an enlarged [[List of Irish Emigration]] websites for locating Irish ancestors on ships.  
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Passengers Aboard the "Buchannon", Newry to New York August 1765. A list of 43 passengers who travelled from Newry Co. Ireland to New York in August 1765 aboard the ship "Buchannon". Article in The Irish Ancestor, vol. XII. no. 1-2, 1980, page 52, Family History Library Ref. 941.5 B2i  
Passengers Aboard the "Buchannon", Newry to New York August 1765. A list of 43 passengers who travelled from Newry Co. Ireland to New York in August 1765 aboard the ship "Buchannon". Article in The Irish Ancestor, vol. XII. no. 1-2, 1980, page 52, Family History Library Ref. 941.5 B2i  


===== Other Groups  =====
==== Other Groups  ====


Records of major ethnic groups, including Dutch, Swedes, German, French Huguenots, Quakers, and Jews, are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under:  
Records of major ethnic groups, including Dutch, Swedes, German, French Huguenots, Quakers, and Jews, are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog Locality Search under:  
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NEW YORK - MINORITIES.  
NEW YORK - MINORITIES.  


==== 19th and 20th Century Immigrants  ====
=== 19th and 20th Century Immigrants  ===


===== British  =====
==== British  ====


One of the largest waves of British migrants to the United States occurred in the nineteenth century.  
One of the largest waves of British migrants to the United States occurred in the nineteenth century.  
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:*'''1817''' - Molerio, Dagoberto. "A Passenger List for the Ship ''William,''" ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' Vol. 101, No. 3 (Jul. 1970):142-144. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|1181533|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 101}}.
:*'''1817''' - Molerio, Dagoberto. "A Passenger List for the Ship ''William,''" ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' Vol. 101, No. 3 (Jul. 1970):142-144. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|1181533|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 101}}.


===== Germans  =====
==== Germans  ====


The German Genealogy Group can help you trace your New York German ancestors. Their [http://www.theggg.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.  
The German Genealogy Group can help you trace your New York German ancestors. Their [http://www.theggg.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.  
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[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, documenting the period 1850 -1897].  
[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, documenting the period 1850 -1897].  


===== Hispanic  =====
==== Hispanic  ====


The Hispanic Genealogy Center of New York can help you discover your New York Hispanic ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com/ website].  
The Hispanic Genealogy Center of New York can help you discover your New York Hispanic ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com/ website].  


===== Irish  =====
==== Irish  ====


[[Image:Famine memorial dublin.jpg|thumb|right|200px]]Tens of thousands of potato famine Irish immigrants arrived at the Port of New York City in the nineteenth century.  
[[Image:Famine memorial dublin.jpg|thumb|right|200px]]Tens of thousands of potato famine Irish immigrants arrived at the Port of New York City in the nineteenth century.  
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This publication provides a detailed list of record sources for tracing Irish families coupled with research strategies.  
This publication provides a detailed list of record sources for tracing Irish families coupled with research strategies.  


===== Italians  =====
==== Italians  ====


The Italian Genealogical Group can help you discover your New York Italian ancestry. Their [http://italiangen.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.  
The Italian Genealogical Group can help you discover your New York Italian ancestry. Their [http://italiangen.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.  
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*Carmack, Sharon DeBartolo. "Italian Naming Patterns and Necronyms: Six Generations of the Vallarelli Family as an Example of the Effect of Immigration," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 133, No. 3 (Jul. 2002):177-181. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 133}}.
*Carmack, Sharon DeBartolo. "Italian Naming Patterns and Necronyms: Six Generations of the Vallarelli Family as an Example of the Effect of Immigration," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 133, No. 3 (Jul. 2002):177-181. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 133}}.


===== Jews  =====
==== Jews  ====


The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society will search their indexes and files at no charge. Supply the individual ancestor's name as spelled at the time of arrival and, if known, the year and port of entry and relatives traveling with the ancestor. It also helps to give birth and last known address. Records of Jewish immigrants since 1909 are at:  
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society will search their indexes and files at no charge. Supply the individual ancestor's name as spelled at the time of arrival and, if known, the year and port of entry and relatives traveling with the ancestor. It also helps to give birth and last known address. Records of Jewish immigrants since 1909 are at:  
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The Jewish Genealogical Society can help you discover your New York Jewish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.jgsny.org/ website].  
The Jewish Genealogical Society can help you discover your New York Jewish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.jgsny.org/ website].  


===== Poles  =====
==== Poles  ====


The Polish Genealogical Society of New York State can help you discover your New York Polish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://pgsnys.org/ website].  
The Polish Genealogical Society of New York State can help you discover your New York Polish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://pgsnys.org/ website].  


===== Russians  =====
==== Russians  ====


[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes free [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Russians to the United States, documenting the period 1834-1897].  
[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes free [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Russians to the United States, documenting the period 1834-1897].  


===== Scandinavians  =====
==== Scandinavians  ====
 
*<br>
 
=== Websites  ===
 
http://www.castlegarden.org
 
http://ellisislandrecords.org
 
http://www.nypl.org/
 
http://www.archives.nysed.gov/aindex.shtml


http://www.archives.gov/
== Websites  ==


http://www.afhs.ab.ca/aids/talks/notes_mar99.html  
*[http://www.castlegarden.org www.castlegarden.org]
*[http://ellisislandrecords.org ellisislandrecords.org]
*[http://www.nypl.org/ www.nypl.org]
*[http://www.archives.nysed.gov/aindex.shtml www.archives.nysed.gov]
*[http://www.archives.gov/ www.archives.gov]
*[http://www.afhs.ab.ca/aids/talks/notes_mar99.html www.afhs.ab.ca]


[http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY] - Site lists names, lifespan,origin, notes and migration&nbsp;steps, of persons migrating to or through New York. Names submitted by individuals.  
[http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY] - Site lists names, lifespan,origin, notes and migration&nbsp;steps, of persons migrating to or through New York. Names submitted by individuals.  
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*[[New York, Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York Passenger Arrival Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
*[[New York, Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York Passenger Arrival Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]


=== References  ===
== References  ==


<references /> {{New York|New York}}  
<references /> {{New York|New York}}  
Beccac1229
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