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Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.  
==Online Resources==
 
*'''1674-1851''' {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at FamilySearch — index & images
These records are very helpful for research because in many areas the authorities began recording probate actions before birth and death records.  
*'''1651-1895''' {{FSC|73126|title-id|disp=Uddrag af kirkebøger, skiftebøger og forskellige protokoller fra Rigsarkivet, Provinsarkivet, Bispearkivet, o.s.v., ca. 1651-1895 }}(*); Petersen, A., b. 1827 at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1680-1720''' {{FSC|417814|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1680-1720}}(*); Ryttergods (4. Jyske Regiment) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1687-1737''' {{FSC|417503|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1687-1737}}(*); Rytterdistrikt (Koldinghus) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1847''' {{FSC|538957|title-id|disp=Blanketregnskaber 1800-1847 }}(*); Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1848''' {{FSC|505598|title-id|disp=Testamenter konfirmerede gennem overøvrigheden, 1800-1848 }}(*); Danske Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1802''' {{FSC|336896|title-id|disp=Testamente efter Frederick Christian Rosenkrantz, 1802 }}(*); Rosenkrantz, Frederick Christian at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|343248|title-id|disp=Index to the probate records of various Danish Cavalry land grants, including miscellaneous judicial districts and parishes }}(*) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|59409|title-id|disp=The probate records of Denmark }}(*); Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Genealogical Department at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|735434|title-id|disp=Systematisk fremstilling af det danske skiftevæsen , et forsøg :}}(*); Hansen, Jens Olaus at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Copyhold and Probates] Danske Slægtsforskere Odense
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - [https://aurelia-clemons.dk/probate.htm Probate extractions] for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, not just those related to the website owner, any given surname, or area. This is also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjælland.
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Erik Brejls Hjemmeside] Probate extracts for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country as well as most cities. In Danish.
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish.
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish.
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish.
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish.
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Sall Data] Scanned probate records. Select '''Skifter''' from the drop-down list to begin searching.
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s DIS-Arkivalielister] Probate records listed by registering authority. In Danish.


Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a parent died and left children that were not of age (age 25). Often an estate was probated even if the children were of age.  
==Denmark Probate Records==
Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses. <br> <br>


Although probate records are one of the most accurate sources of genealogical information, the relationships noted in the records may not always have the same meaning today. For instance, a brother-in-law may be recorded as a brother, because legally that made no difference.  
These records are very helpful for research because they provide direct evidence of relationships. Often a single probate will list several individuals and their exact relationships to each other. <br> <br>


From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the ''foged'' (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the ''sorenskriver'' (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of ''sorenskriver'' took on the meaning of probate judge.  
Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a person died and left minor heirs, absent heirs, or no heirs. The definition of "minor heirs" was any male under the age of 25 or any female who has never married. <br>


{| border="1" align="right"
{| border="1" align="right"
Line 25: Line 52:
*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
|}


|}
=== Classes in the Learning Center ===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/User:TannerBlairTolman Tanner Blair Tolman, AG®] presented a class in 2019 called ''Denmark Probate Records.'' It can be accessed by clicking  [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/denmark-probate-records here.]


=== The Probate Process  ===
=== The Probate Process  ===


Before 1683, probate records were often part of the general court records. The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.  
The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided. <br> <br>


The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.  
The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority. <br> <br>


No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate [uskiftet bo]. Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.  
No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate (''uskiftet bo''). Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution. <br> <br>


All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.  
All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval. <br> <br>


Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.  
Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship. <br> <br>


To view records examples of&nbsp;''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].  
To view records examples of ''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].


=== Wills and Indexes [Testamentprotokoller med Indexer] ===
=== The Availability of Probate Records ===


Research use: These records are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills.  
Although many Danish probates have survived and they are some of the best genealogical records for Danish research, finding a probate for your person of interest can be tricky. To find a probate for your person of interest, you must first know where he lived, what class of person he was, and, if he was a tenant farmer (or cottager), to which [[Danish Gods| estate]] he was bound. <br> <br>


Record type: Legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice [Justitsministeriet] kept copies of all wills.  
*Probate records for clergy and schoolteachers were kept by the provsti (deanery) until about 1803-1814. After that time their probates were recorded by the local herred (the lowest court district). <br> <br>


Time period: 1500 to present.  
*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from a local estate or institution were recorded by the estate to which they were bound until 1788-1817. After this time, their probates may also be recorded in the herred or they may still be recorded by the estate as some estates kept the right to probate with special consideration until 1850. <br> <br>
[[Image:Crown Land Hotspot.jpg|thumb|right|350px]]
*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from the crown were recorded by the local [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]] (taxation district). The closer your ancestor's farm was to Copenhagen, the more likely it is that they lived on crown owned land. The includes maps show places where the crown owned all or most of the land. If your ancestor lived in one of those areas, you should especially consider the ''amtstue'' when searching for your ancestor's probate. The only exception is Bornholm which did not use the amtstue for probates. <br> <br>


Contents: Name and age of testator, residence, heirs, relationships, description of land and property, date of will, signature, witnesses. Indexes.  
*Probate records for freeholders (farmers and cottagers who owned their land outright) were recorded by the [[Danish Amt 1662 - 1793| amt (county)]] until about 1793 when the counties were reorganized (the word about is used because some of the counties actually reorganized later. Maribo county, for example, was not formed until 1803). After this time they were recorded by the herred. <br> <br>


Location: There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.  
*Each city, besides Copenhagen, has its own local probate jurisdiction called the byret. <br> <br>


Percentage in Family History Library: Overall about 45%. The library has already acquired about 90% of will transcripts (1750-1848) as part of chancery records. Although most of the probate records of Denmark have been filmed, the Family History Library has not filmed any original wills.  
*Copenhagen had its own unique and complex system. Information on it is provided below at also on this page.


Population coverage: 10%.  
As probates are most likely to be used before 1814, and most Danes before that time were tenant farmers, you will probably spend most of your time searching the probate records of the various estates. <br> <br>


Reliability: Very good.<ref name="profile" />
The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS. This will bring up most of the possible places a probate for your ancestor might be if he or she died in that parish, but it will not bring all of them up. Some estates either do not have surviving probates or their probates were not filmed by the GSU (now FamilySearch). Additionally, FamilySearch has most of the probates recorded by the [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]], but they will not appear in this search. To find those you will need to identify the correct amtstue (which often has the same name as the amt) and then search for records created by that amtstue specifically in either FamilySearch or [https://www.sa.dk/da/ Daisy.] <br>


For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].
Some wonderful indexes have been prepared to these various records by the Land Archive for Sjælland and are found both at Landsarkivet and the Family History Library on microfiche, the most extensive index being for the Forseglingsprotokoller:


=== The Availability of Probate Records  ===
*Forseglingsprotokoller 1720-1919 (FHL fiche 6030293-60401670).<br>
*Ordinære boer 1660-1771 (FHLfiche 6030251-6030255).<br>
*Konceptskrifter [draft probates] 1660-1771 (FHL fiche 6030238-6030250).<br>
*Behandlingsprotokoller 1715-1771 (FHL fiche 6030233-6030237).<br>
*Samfrændskifter [relative probates] 1771-1810 (FHL fiche 6030270-6030271).<br>
*Eksekutorboer [executor estate] 1790-1919 (FHL fiche 6030256-6030269).<br>


Before the 1683 law, probate was held only when there were problems in dividing an estate. After 1683 the probate records are separate from the other court records and handled by the probate judge.
==== Copenhagen: 1670-1771  ====
There were 13 different probate courts in Copenhagen. See the article [[Copenhagen Probate Jurisdictions]] for details. The four largest were the following:


Probate records for clergy, schoolteachers, and military officers were often kept separate from the regular probate jurisdiction. Church officials would conduct probate for a priest or a schoolteacher, and a commanding officer for a military officer.  
#'''Magistrats skiftekommission, 1681-1781''' - Magistrate's probate commission, also called Byretten {''city court''). These records are for the commoners of the city. Index on FHL film 0045256 and 0044771, records on films 0044772-0045255.
#'''Hofretten, 1679-1771''' - Castle Court. This court was for high civil officials. Index, FHL film 0044596; probates FHL films 0044597¬0044688.
#'''Borgretten, 1682-1771''' - Citizen Court. This court was for the lower civil officials and employees. General index FHL film 0044689 probate records FHL films 0044690-0044770.
#'''Underadmiralitetsretten, 1670-1779''' - Lower Admiralty Court. For naval non-commissioned officers (rank below captain). Records on FHL films 0048030¬0048113.


The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS.  
Other probate court records for this time period that have not been filmed include the following:
*Regimentasauditørerne (Military Court, for enlisted men in the army)
*Søetatens General Auditør (Military Court, for naval non-commissioned officers)
*Universitets Skiftejurisdiktion (University Court, for students, many no longer exist)
*Den Gejstlige Skiftejurisdiktion (Ecclesiastical Court, for clergy and related personnel, most no longer exist)
*Vajsenhusets Skiftejurisdiktion (Orphan-house Court, for personnel of the orphan house, records no longer exist)
*Frederiks Hospitals Skiftejurisdiktion (Hospital Court, for personnel of the hospital, records no longer exist)
*Det Asiatiske og det Vestindisk-Guineiske Kompagnis (The Asiatic and West Indies-Guineas Company, for employees in Copenhagen and the colonies)
*Jødernes Skiftejurisdiktion (Jewish Probate Jurisdiction, many Jews listed in the Magistratens Skiftekommision listed above).


=== Guardianship Records [''Overformynderiprotokoller''] ===
==== Copenhagen: 1771-1861 ====


Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold. First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny.
Most probate records in Copenhagen for this time period were handled by a single probate commission. For the period 1771-1803 they are listed under the '''Stadsretten''' (City Court; FHL films 0045257-0046190) and from 1804-1862 under the '''Landsretten''' (Land Court; FHL films 0046191¬0048027). These records are divided in two ways: by record type (see above under indexes) and then by classification.<br>


The guardianship record usually has the following information:  
Within each record type there are nine groupings as to the classification of those for whom a probate was held (the catalog does not show which groups are on which film, so you may wish to consult the book, Register of Danish estate probates:Copenhagen county, 1701-1820; FHL book 948.911 P23c; film 0599138, item 3). <br> I. High civil officials and commissioned officers <br> II. Other civil officials, clerks, secretaries,book keepers, etc. <br> III.Clergy, professors, students, and workers at schools, hospitals, and the church<br> IV. Citizens of higher reputation and wealth <br> V. Artist, tradesmen, etc. <br> VI. Persons of no great means <br> VII. Servants <br> VIII. Enlisted men of the navy and merchant marines <br> IX. Enlisted men of the army. <br>


*Name of the ward or minor.
==== Copenhagen: 1861-1912  ====
*Sometimes age or birth date.
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
*Name of guardian and residence.
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record.


Research use: Very useful lineage-linking source. Relationship information is given so that blood lines of adoptees and orphans can be identified.  
The nine classifications from the earlier period were regrouped into six. Class III was grouped with Class II. Classes VII-IX were combined to a new Class III. These later records were listed under the title '''Den kongelige Lands-over- samt Hof og Stadsret i København''' (The royal provincial, as well as castle and city court in Copenhagen; FHL films 0520496¬0521527,0517662-0517794).<br>


Record type: Records of those who have care of underaged heirs after the death of parents.  
The '''Reparitionsprotokol''' [restitution records] from 1863¬1910 are filed separately (FHL film 0517795¬0517840), as are a set of records called '''Børn og hospitalslemmer''' (Children and hospital inmates; FHL film 0517868-0517897).<br>


Time period: 1570 to present.  
=== Wills and Indexes (''Testamentprotokoller med Indexer'')  ===
These records are legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice (''Justitsministeriet'') kept copies of all wills.  


Contents: Information about the ward and when and from whom (family member or other person) inheritance was received; information about the guardian and his relationship to the ward, and expenses charged to the estate. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state. Dates of birth or christening may be given.  
These are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills. Records are available from about 1500. There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.


Location: National and provincial archives.
Records may contain:
*Name and age of testator
*Residence
*Heirs
*Relationships
*Description of land and property
*Date of will
*Names of witnesses


Percentage in Family History Library: 90%.  
For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].


Population coverage: 10%.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Denmark,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1998.</ref>
=== Guardianship Records (''Overformynderiprotokoller'')  ===
Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold: First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny. Records date from 1570. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state.


=== Probate Word List  ===
The guardianship record usually has the following information:
 
*Name of the ward or minor.
Following is a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in probate records. For other Danish probate vocabulary lists, click [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Danish_Probate_Language here] or [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Denmark_Probate_word_list here].  
*Sometimes age or birth date and place
 
*Name of guardian and residence.
'''A.'''<br>
*Relationship, if any to the ward
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.  
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record
*Expenses charged to the estate
== Probate Word List ==
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
Line 141: Line 199:
| Aftægtsfolk || retired people
| Aftægtsfolk || retired people
|-
|-
| Aftægtskone || retired woman
| Aftægtskone || retired woman being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
|-
|-
| Aftægtsmand ||  retired man
| Aftægtsmand ||  retired man being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child)
|-
|-
| Agent || agent
| Agent || agent
Line 154: Line 212:
|-
|-
| Aldrig || never
| Aldrig || never
|-
| Alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
|-
| Alle || all  
| Alle || all  
Line 214: Line 274:
|-
|-
| Arveskifte ||  inheritance
| Arveskifte ||  inheritance
|-
| Arvesummen || the sum of the inheritance
|-
|-
| Arving || heir
| Arving || heir
Line 234: Line 296:
|}
|}


'''B'''<br>
====B====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
Line 331: Line 393:
|-
|-
| Bortsolgt || sold
| Bortsolgt || sold
|-
| Boslod/Lodseddel || Certificate for a share or lot
|-
|-
| Bouppteckning || probate
| Bouppteckning || probate
Line 340: Line 404:
| Broderdatter || brother's daughter
| Broderdatter || brother's daughter
|-
|-
| Broderlod || brother's share
| Broderlod || a brother's share of an inheritance (this <br>could be used when talking about a son (having <br>a share with his brothers and sisters) or <br>the deceased's brother)
|-
|-
| Brodersøn || brother's son
| Brodersøn || brother's son
Line 349: Line 413:
|-
|-
| By, bye || town, village
| By, bye || town, village
|-
| Byfogeden || The city baliff
|-
| Byting || city court
|-
|-
| Børn || children
| Børn || children
Line 357: Line 425:
|}
|}


'''C'''<br>
====C====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
Line 369: Line 437:
   
   


'''D'''<br>
====D====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
Line 454: Line 522:
|-
|-
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
|-
| Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller || Starting in 1792, all deceased had <br>to be reported to the local probate <br>authorities, whether they were to be probated <br>or not. The reports of the deceased became <br>a compiled record called the <br>Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller
|-
|-
| Dødsfald || death
| Dødsfald || death
|-
|-
| Døtre || daughter
| Døtre || daughters
|}
|}


'''E'''<br>
====E====
Eder- you <br>
{| class="wikitable"
Edle- noble<br>
! Danish !! English
Een- one <br>
|-
Efter- after, behind <br>
| Eder || you
Efterdi- because<br>
|-
Efterlade- leave <br>
| Edle || noble
Efterlade sig en formue- leave a fortune<br>
|-
Efterladenskaber- remainder, the rest<br>
| Een || one
Efterladte- survivors, remaining <br>
|-
Efterladende- left behind, surviving<br>
| Efter || after, behind
Efterlefuende- surviving<br>
|-
Eftermelte- below mentioned<br>
| Efterdi || because
Efterretning- obedience<br>
|-
Eftersom- since, as<br>
| Efterlade || leave
Eg, Ege, Egne, Egen, Eget- own, on one's own<br>
|-
Egenskab- capacity, property, attribute, characteristic<br>
| Efterlade sig en formue || leave a fortune
Egstra- see ekstra<br>
|-
Egteskab- marriage<br>
| Efterladenskaber || remainder, the rest
Ei, Ej- not<br>
|-
Eje- own<br>
| Efterladte || survivors, remaining
Ejendom, Ejendele- property, posessions<br>
|-
Ejen- property<br>
| Efterladende || left behind, surviving
Ejer- owner<br>
|-
Ekstra- extra<br>
| Efterlefuende || surviving
Ekstradere- extract<br>
|-
Embede- office<br>
| Eftermelte || below mentioned
En- the, a, an, one<br>
|-
End- than, end, over<br>
| Efterretning || obedience
Endelig- final, finally<br>
|-
Endvidere- also, furthermore<br>
| Eftersom || since, as
Enebarn- only child<br>
|-
Enes- agree<br>
| Eg, Ege, Egne, Egen, Eget || own, on one's own
Enhver- each, everyone<br>
|-
Eniste- begotten<br>
| Egenskab || capacity, property, attribute, characteristic
Enke- widow<br>
|-
Enkekone- widow <br>
| Egstra || see ekstra
Enkemand- widower<br>
|-
Ensker- wishes, wants<br>
| Egteskab || marriage
Er, Ere- is, are, the, has, have <br>
|-
Erholde- assume, get, obtain, receive<br>
| Ei, Ej || not
Erhverv- profession, trade<br>
|-
Erhverver- acquire, gain<br>
| Eje || own
Erkendtlig- grateful<br>
|-
Erkend, Erkende- acknowledge, own, admit, recognize, realize<br>
| Ejendom, Ejendele || property, posessions
Erklære- declare, declaring, proclaim<br>
|-
Et- a, an, one  
| Ejen || property
|-
| Ejer || owner
|-
| Ekstra || extra
|-
| Ekstradere || extract
|-
| Embede || office
|-
| En || the, a, an, one
|-
| End || than, end, over
|-
| Endelig || final, finally
|-
| Endvidere || also, furthermore
|-
| Enebarn || only child
|-
| Enes || agree
|-
| Enhver || each, everyone
|-
| Eniste || begotten
|-
| Enke || widow
|-
| Enkekone || widow
|-
| Enkemand || widower
|-
| Ensker || wishes, wants
|-
| Er, Ere || is, are, the, has, have
|-
| Erholde || assume, get, obtain, receive
|-
| Erhverv || profession, trade
|-
| Erhverver || acquire, gain
|-
| Erkendtlig || grateful
|-
| Erkend, Erkende || acknowledge, own, admit, recognize, realize
|-
| Erklære || declare, declaring, proclaim
|-
| Et || a, an, one
|}


'''F'''<br>
====F====
Faa- get, receive<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Fadder- godfather, sponsor<br>
! Danish !! English
Faaet- received, got, obtained<br>
|-
Fader- father <br>
| Faa || get, receive
Faderne, Fadderne- godparents <br>
|-
Fallit- bankrupt, bankruptcy<br>
| Fadder || godfather, sponsor
Fandt, Fantes- found, was found<br>
|-
Far- father<br>
| Faaet || received, got, obtained
Farbroder- father’s brother, uncle <br>
|-
Farfader- paternal grandfather<br>
| Fader || father
Farfar- grandfather<br>
|-
Far- father<br>
| Faderne, Fadderne || godparents
Farmoder- grandmother, father’s mother<br>
|-
Farmor- grandmother, father’s mother<br>
| Fallit || bankrupt, bankruptcy
Faset- receive<br>
|-
Faste- real<br>
| Fandt, Fantes || found, was found
Faster- aunt, father’s sister<br>
|-
Fastsætte- assign, appoint<br>
| Far || father
Fat- got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend<br>
|-
Fattes- lacking, wanting<br>
| Farbroder || father’s brother, uncle
Fellets- joint<br>
|-
Fik- get, receive<br>
| Farfader || paternal grandfather
Fil- file<br>
|-
Findes- found<br>
| Farfar || grandfather
Firer- four<br>
|-
Foged- bailiff, marshall, official<br>
| Far || father
Folgende- as follows, thus<br>
|-
Folio- page<br>For- in, for, in order, for the <br>
| Farmoder || grandmother, father’s mother
For endelig skifte- for final probate<br>
|-
Foranførte- above mentioned <br>
| Farmor || grandmother, father’s mother
Foranmeldte- above reported, previously announced <br>
|-
Forat- to, in order to<br>
| Faset || receive
Forandre, forandring- change, vary, shift, reverse<br>
|-
Foregaænde- earlier<br>
| Faste || real
Foregaaet- official announcement<br>
|-
Fordeling- distribution, allocation<br>
| Faster || aunt, father’s sister
Fordring- claim, debt, receivable<br>
|-
Fordre, fordrede- demand, require<br>
| Fastsætte || assign, appoint
Fordrukken- drunken<br>
|-
Forefandtes- were present<br>Foregaænde- earlier, previous, former<br>
| Fat || got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend
Foregaaet- occurred, took place<br>
|-
Forestage- make, do, perform <br>
| Fattes || lacking, wanting
Foretagelse- making, performing<br>
|-
Foretage, foretagne- transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute <br>
| Fellets || joint
Fortagen- distribution<br>
|-
Foretager- makes, performs, carries out <br>
| Fik || get, receive
Fortaget lovlig- transacted lawfully<br>
|-
Forevise- show<br>
| Fil || file
Forfald- absence<br>
|-
Forfaret- conduct<br>
| Findes || found
Forgået- occurred, took place<br>
|-
Forfeiglet- previous<br>
| Firer || four
Forhen, førhen- in the past, formerly<br>
|-
Forhentiltagne- previously appointed<br>
| Foged || bailiff, marshall, official
Forkarlen- foreman<br>
|-
Forloveren- sponsors, bondsmen at marriage<br>
| Folgende || as follows, thus
Forladefoged- baliff of the manor <br>
|-
Formedelst- due to, because of<br>
| Folio || page
Formode- assuming, supposing<br>
|-
Formue- assets, property, wealth<br>
| For || in, for, in order, for the
Formynder- guardian <br>
|-
Fornyelig- recently, recently departed<br>
| For endelig skifte || for final probate
Forordningen- regulation, statutes <br>
|-
Forpagter- tenant<br>
| Foranførte || above mentioned
Forpligte- oblige, commit<br>
|-
Forpligtelse- obligation, commitment<br>
| Foranmeldte || above reported, previously announced
Forpligtet- committed, obliged<br>
|-
Forrentning- interest, return, rate<br>
| Forat || to, in order to
Forreste- front, foremost<br>
|-
Forresten- incidentally, by the way, anyway<br>
| Forandre, forandring || change, vary, shift, reverse
Forrætte og afslutte- transact and conclude<br>
|-
Forretning- business, transaction, administration, proceeding<br>
| Foregaænde || earlier
Forretning tilstede- present at the proceeding<br>
|-
Forretninger- transactions<br>
| Foregaaet || official announcement
Forretningen- business administration <br>
|-
Forrevist kjøb- bill of sale<br>
| Fordeling || distribution, allocation
Forrige- previous<br>
|-
Forsamle- meet, assemble, gather<br>
| Fordring || claim, debt, receivable
Forsamlingen- meeting, assembly, gathering, committee<br>
|-
Forsegle- seal up<br>
| Fordre, fordrede || demand, require
Forsende- seal up<br>
|-
Forsige- to say<br>
| Fordrukken || drunken
Forskel- difference<br>
|-
Fortfare- conduct, carry out<br>
| Forefandtes || were present
Fortfarende- continually, ongoing<br>
|-
Fortforet- conducted<br>
| Foregaænde || earlier, previous, former
Fortil- before<br>
|-
Foruden- besides, in addition to<br>
| Foregaaet || occurred, took place
Forud- previous, prior<br>
|-
Forudgående- previous<br>
| Forestage || make, do, perform
Forudsiger- predicts<br>
|-
Forvalter- administrator, agent, manager, bailiff<br>
| Foretagelse || making, performing
Forvære- make worse<br>
|-
Forældre- parents<br>
| Foretage, foretagne || transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute
Forældreløs- orphan<br>
|-
Forældrene- the parents<br>
| Fortagen || distribution
Fosterbarn- foster child<br>
|-
Fosterbørn- foster children<br>
| Foretager || makes, performs, carries out
Fosterdatter- foster daughter<br>
|-
Fostersøn- foster son<br>
| Fortaget lovlig || transacted lawfully
Fra- from <br>
|-
Fraværende- absent <br>
| Forevise || show
Frembragt- reveal, disclose <br>
|-
Fremdeles, fremdeeles- further<br>
| Forfald || absence
Fremfor- before, above, beyond<br>
|-
Fremføre- advance, forward<br>
| Forfaret || conduct
Fremfærd- conduct<br>
|-
Fremgang- proceed, progress<br>
| Forgået || occurred, took place
Fremlagt, fremlagde- submitted, presented, provided, produced<br>
|-
Fremme- to go forth<br>
| Forfeiglet || previous
Fremsat- submitted, made, delivered, presented<br>
|-
Fremstille, Fremstillet- create, make, produce, present to be judged<br>
| Forhen, førhen || in the past, formerly
Fremviste- presented, showed, displayed<br>
|-
Fri- free<br>
| Forhentiltagne || previously appointed
Frille- mistress<br>
|-
Frue- Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women<br>
| Forkarlen || foreman
Fruentimmer- unmarried mother<br>
|-
Frugtsommelig- pregnant<br>Frøken- miss, not a peasant girl<br>
| Forloveren || sponsors, bondsmen at marriage
Fudt- completely<br>
|-
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect<br>
| Forladefoged || baliff of the manor
Fuldkomns- fulfilled<br>
|-
Fuldmagt- proxy, power of attorney<br>
| Formedelst || due to, because of
Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige- attorney, advocate, head clerk<br>
|-
Fulgt- followed<br>
| Formode || assuming, supposing
Fuldkommen- complete, perfect<br>
|-
Fælled, Fælles- common, mutual, joint<br>
| Formue || assets, property, wealth
Fæstebonde- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer<br>
|-
Fæstegårdmand- copyholder, leaseholder, farmer<br>
| Formynder || guardian
Fæste- copyhold, lease<br>
|-
Fæstebonde-leaseholder on a farm <br>
| Fornyelig || recently, recently departed
Fæstemand- betrothed <br>
|-
Fæster- person who is leasing<br>
| Forordningen || regulation, statutes
Fæstprotokol- land lease<br>
|-
Fætter- cousin<br>
| Forpagter || tenant
Fødtes (Føde) værger- family guardian<br>
|-
Følge- result of (i følge- as a result of)<br>
| Forpligte || oblige, commit
Følger- as follows<br>
|-
Før die unmyndige vegen- in behalf of the minors<br>
| Forpligtelse || obligation, commitment
Før- before <br>
|-
Førhen- previously <br>
| Forpligtet || committed, obliged
Første- first<br>
|-
Får- gets, will, have<br>
| Forrentning || interest, return, rate
Fået- received, got  
|-
| Forreste || front, foremost
|-
| Forresten || incidentally, by the way, anyway
|-
| Forrætte og afslutte || transact and conclude
|-
| Forretning || business, transaction, administration, proceeding
|-
| Forretning tilstede || present at the proceeding
|-
| Forretninger || transactions
|-
| Forretningen || business administration
|-
| Forrevist kjøb || bill of sale
|-
| Forrige || previous
|-
| Forsamle || meet, assemble, gather
|-
| Forsamlingen || meeting, assembly, gathering, committee
|-
| Forsegle || seal up
|-
| Forsende || seal up
|-
| Forsige || to say
|-
| Forskel || difference
|-
| Fortfare || conduct, carry out
|-
| Fortfarende || continually, ongoing
|-
| Fortforet || conducted
|-
| Fortil || before
|-
| Foruden || besides, in addition to
|-
| Forud || previous, prior
|-
| Forudgående || previous
|-
| Forudsiger || predicts
|-
| Forvalter || administrator, agent, manager, bailiff
|-
| Forvære || make worse
|-
| Forældre || parents
|-
| Forældreløs || orphan
|-
| Forældrene || the parents
|-
| Fosterbarn || foster child
|-
| Fosterbørn || foster children
|-
| Fosterdatter || foster daughter
|-
| Fostersøn || foster son
|-
| Fra || from
|-
| Fraværende || absent
|-
| Frembragt || reveal, disclose
|-
| Fremdeles, fremdeeles || further
|-
| Fremfor || before, above, beyond
|-
| Fremføre- || advance, forward
|-
| Fremfærd || conduct
|-
| Fremgang || proceed, progress
|-
| Fremlagt, fremlagde || submitted, presented, provided, produced
|-
| Fremme || to go forth
|-
| Fremsat || submitted, made, delivered, presented
|-
| Fremstille, Fremstillet || create, make, produce, present to be judged
|-
| Fremviste || presented, showed, displayed
|-
| Fri || free
|-
| Frille || mistress
|-
| Frue || Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women
|-
| Fruentimmer || unmarried mother
|-
| Frugtsommelig || pregnant
|-
| Frøken || miss, not a peasant girl
|-
| Fudt || completely
|-
| Fuldkommen || complete, perfect
|-
| Fuldkomns || fulfilled
|-
| Fuldmagt || proxy, power of attorney
|-
| Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige || attorney, advocate, head clerk
|-
| Fulgt || followed
|-
| Fuldkommen || complete, perfect
|-
| Fælled, Fælles || common, mutual, joint
|-
| Fæstebonde || copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
|-
| Fæstegårdmand || copyholder, leaseholder, farmer
|-
| Fæste || copyhold, lease
|-
| Fæstebonde || a farm
|-
| Fæstemand || betrothed
|-
| Fæster || person who is leasing
|-
| Fæstprotokol || land lease
|-
| Fætter || cousin
|-
| Fødtes (Føde) værger || family guardian
|-
| Følge || as a result of)
|-
| Følger || as follows
|-
| Før die unmyndige vegen || in behalf of the minors
|-
| Før || before
|-
| Førhen || previously
|-
| Første || first
|-
| Får || gets, will, have
|-
| Fået || received, got
|}


'''G'''<br>
====G====
Gaardmand- farmer<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Gammel- old <br>
! Danish !! English
Garden- the farm<br>
|-
Gave- gift, present<br>
| Gaardmand || farmer
Gavn- benefit<br>
|-
Gift, givt- married<br>Gik- went, walked, did, was, were<br>
| Gammel || old
Gior- makes<br>
|-
Gjeld- debts<br>
| Garden || the farm
Gjort, Gjorde- made, done, been<br>
|-
Godfather- godfather<br>
| Gave || gift, present
Gudfrygtige- godfearing<br>
|-
Gudmoder- godmother<br>
| Gavn || benefit
Gæld, gjold, gjæld- debt, payables<br>
|-
Gå- go, walk, do<br>
| Gift, givt || married
Gårdbruger, gaardbruger- farmer<br>
|-
Gårdejer, gaardejer- farm owner<br>
| Gik || went, walked, did, was, were
Gaard- farm<br>
|-
Gårdfæster, gaardfæster- farm leaseholder, tenant<br>
| Gior || makes
Gårdmand, gaardmand- farmer  
|-
| Gjeld || debts
|-
| Gjort, Gjorde || made, done, been
|-
| Godfather || godfather
|-
| Gudfrygtige || godfearing
|-
| Gudmoder || godmother
|-
| Gæld, gjold, gjæld || debt, payables
|-
| Gå || go, walk, do
|-
| Gårdbruger, gaardbruger || farmer
|-
| Gårdejer, gaardejer || farm owner
|-
| Gaard || farm
|-
| Gårdfæster, gaardfæster || farm leaseholder, tenant
|-
| Gårdmand, gaardmand || farmer
|}


'''H'''<br>
====H====
H.(abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Halde- hold, maintain, keep, continue<br>
! Danish !! English
Halvbrodre, Halvbroder- half brother<br>
|-
Halvdelen- half, a portion<br>
| H. || abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife
Ham- he, his, him <br>
|-
Han- he, his, him <br>
| Halde || hold, maintain, keep, continue
Hannen- male, him <br>
|-
Hans- his <br>
| Halvbrodre, Halvbroder || half brother
Har- has, have <br>
|-
Hartkorn- unit of land valuation <br>
| Halvdelen || half, a portion
Havde- had<br>
|-
Have- have, be<br>
| Ham || he, his, him
Havender- debtors<br>
|-
Heder- honor<br>
| Han || he, his, him
Hederlige- honorable<br>
|-
Hederlige och wellærde- honorable and well-learned<br>
| Hannen || male, him
Helbroder- whole brother<br>
|-
Hele- all, entire<br>
| Hans || his
Hellere- rather, better, prefer<br>
|-
Hellig- holy<br>
| Har || has, have
Hende, Hendes- her, hers <br>
|-
Henhold- according, accordance with, belong to<br>
| Hartkorn || unit of land valuation
Henhøre til- refer to<br>
|-
Hensidde- live, exist<br>
| Havde || had
Hensyn- respect, regard<br>
|-
Her- here<br>
| Have || have, be
Heraf- of this, thereof, these, which<br>
|-
Herom- accordingly, thereof, thereon <br>
| Havender || debtors
Herremand- lord of the manor<br>
|-
Herrets ting- district court <br>
| Heder || honor
Herskerinde- mistress<br>
|-
Hidtil- previously, up until now<br>
| Hederlige || honorable
Hjemme, Hiemme- at home <br>
|-
Hjemmedødt- home christening, home baptism <br>
| Hederlige och wellærde || honorable and well-learned
Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand)- cottager <br>
|-
Holde- hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying<br>
| Hegle || tools for processing flax and hemp
Holden- keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous Holdelse- proceeding <br>
|-
Holdte- held<br>
| Heigle || tools for processing flax and hemp
Hor- adultery, fornication <br>
|-
Hos- at, with, in, by, from <br>
| Helbroder || whole brother
Hovedperson- head of house<br>
|-
Hr.- Mr. <br>
| Hele || all, entire
Hun- she <br>
|-
Hus, Huus- house <br>
| Hellere || rather, better, prefer
Husbonde- husband, head of house<br>
|-
Husejer- owner of house<br>
| Hellig || holy
Husfader- head of house<br>
|-
Husfolk- small farmers<br>
| Hende, Hendes || her, hers
Husholderske- housekeeper<br>
|-
Husmand med jord- farmer with land<br>
| Henhold || according, accordance with, belong to
Husmand- cottager, small farmer<br>
|-
Husmoder, huusmoder- wife, homemaker<br>
| Henhøre til || refer to
Hustrue, hustru, kone-wife <br>
|-
Huus afgift- rent<br>
| Hensidde || live, exist
Hvad- what<br>
|-
Hvem- who<br>
| Hensyn || respect, regard
Hver, hvert- every<br>
|-
Hvidebøger- "white books" or a record of those deceased in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate <br>
| Her || here
Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket- which, what, this <br>
|-
Hvil- rest<br>
| Heraf || of this, thereof, these, which
Hvor- where, which, when, how, there<br>
|-
Hvorefter- whereafter, then <br>
| Herom || accordingly, thereof, thereon
Hvornaar- when is, when will, when does, where once, where when <br>
|-
Hvorved- wherewith <br>
| Herremand || lord of the manor
Hvortil- plus, in additon, which should be added<br>
|-
Høj Ædle, Højædle- noble, high <br>
| Herrets ting || district court
|-
| Herskerinde || mistress
|-
| Hidtil || previously, up until now
|-
| Himmelseng || canopy bed
|-
| Hjemme, Hiemme || at home
|-
| Hjemmedødt || home christening, home baptism
|-
| Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand) || cottager
|-
| Holde || hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying
|-
| Holden || keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous  
|-
| Holdelse || proceeding
|-
| Holdte || held
|-
| Hor || adultery, fornication
|-
| Hos || at, with, in, by, from
|-
| Hovedperson || head of house
|-
| Hr. || Mr.
|-
| Hun || she
|-
| Hus, Huus || house
|-
| Husbonde || husband, head of house
|-
| Husejer || owner of house
|-
| Husfader || head of house
|-
| Husfolk || small farmers
|-
| Husholderske || housekeeper
|-
| Husmand med jord || farmer with land
|-
| Husmand || cottager, small farmer
|-
| Husmoder, huusmoder || wife, homemaker
|-
| Hustrue, hustru, kone || hustru, kone-wife
|-
| Huus afgift || rent
|-
| Hvad || what
|-
| Hvem || who
|-
| Hver, hvert || every
|-
| Hvidebøger || "white books" or a record of those deceased <br>in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate
|-
| Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket || which, what, this
|-
| Hvil || rest
|-
| Hvor || where, which, when, how, there
|-
| Hvorefter || whereafter, then
|-
| Hvornaar || when is, when will, when does, <br>where once, where when
|-
| Hvorved || wherewith
|-
| Hvortil || plus, in additon, which should be added
|-
| Høj Ædle, Højædle || noble, high
|}


'''I '''<br>
====I ====
I- in, of, the, at, you<br>
{| class="wikitable"
I dag- today<br>
! Danish !! English
Iagttage- watch, observe<br>
|-
Iberegne- include<br>
| I || in, of, the, at, you
Idet- as, because, with, since, taking <br>
|-
Ifald- if, in case <br>
| I dag || today
Ifolge, Ifølge- according, according to <br>
|-
Ikke- not <br>
| Iagttage || watch, observe
Imellem- between<br>
|-
Imod- against, accepted, opposed<br>
| Iberegne || include
Inderste- tenant, renter<br>
|-
Indfandt- appeared, met<br>
| Idet || as, because, with, since, taking
Indgaa- conclude<br>
|-
Indgaaet- entered into, concluded, reached, received<br>
| Ifald || if, in case
Indlæg- contribution, pleading, plea, letter, article, speech, submission, observation<br>
|-
Inddrage- include, involve<br>
| Ifolge, Ifølge || according, according to
Indfandt- materialize <br>
|-
Indsidder- tenant, renter<br>
| Ikke || not
Indtage- take, adopt<br>
|-
Indtægt- income, revenue, proceeds<br>
| Imellem || between
Ingen- no, not, none<br>
|-
Interesse- interest<br>
| Imod || against, accepted, opposed
Intet- no, nothing<br>
|-
Intægt- asset, income  
| Inderste || tenant, renter
|-
| Indfandt- materialize  || appeared, met
|-
| Indgaa || conclude
|-
| Indgaaet || entered into, concluded, reached, received
|-
| Indlæg || contribution, pleading, plea, letter, <br>article, speech, submission, observation
|-
| Inddrage || include, involve
|-
| Indfandt- materialize || materialize
|-
| Indsidder || tenant, renter
|-
| Indtage || take, adopt
|-
| Indtægt || income, revenue, proceeds
|-
| Ingen || no, not, none
|-
| Interesse || interest
|-
| Intet || no, nothing
|-
| Intægt || asset, income
|}


'''J '''<br>
====J====
Jeg- I<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Jer- you, yourselves <br>
! Danish !! English
Jeres- your, yours <br>
|-
Jomfru- maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin<br>
| Jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
Jord(e)- earth, land, property<br>
|-
Jordlig- earthly<br>
| Jeg || I
Jordseddel- certificate from the probate authority to the deceased's priest, verifying that they had recorded the death. The priest was then allowed to bury the dead.
|-
| Jer || you, yourselves
|-
| Jeres || your, yours
|-
| Jomfru || maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
|-
| Jord(e) || earth, land, property
|-
| Jordlig || earthly
|-
| Jordseddel/Muldseddel || certificates or confirmations from the <br>Probate authorities to the deceased’s <br>priest, that they had received notification <br>and registered the death. The priest <br>was not allowed to bury the dead <br>until the probate authorities had received <br>such notification
|}


'''K '''<br>
====K====
Karl- young man, farmhand<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Kendelse- decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling<br>
! Danish !! English
Kidre- dear<br>
|-
Kiste- coffin<br>
| Kakkelovn || small stove for light dishes
Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) - Royal, government<br>
|-
Kongelig- royal <br>
| Karl || young man, farmhand
Kom- come<br>
|-
Kommer- come, coming, comes<br>
| Kendelse || decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling
Kommis- commission, commissioner<br>
|-
Kommitterede- nominee, commissioner<br>
| Kidre || dear
Kommunemand- city official<br>
|-
Kone- wife, married woman<br>
| Kiste || coffin
Kongelige (Kl.)- Royal, government<br>
|-
Kontorbetjent- office clerk<br>
| Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) || Royal, government
Kontorchef- head of office staff<br>
|-
Kontormedhjælper- office clerk<br>
| Kongelig || royal
Kost, Kostet- cost, the cost<br>
|-
Kravede- required<br>
| Kom || come
Kun- just, only, only the<br>
|-
Kunde- could, might, would; also client, patron<br>
| Kommer || come, coming, comes
Kundskab- knowledge<br>
|-
Kundgjørelse- announcement, notification<br>
| Kommis || commission, commissioner
Kusine- cousin<br>
|-
Kvinde, Qvinde- woman<br>
| Kommitterede || nominee, commissioner
Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder- godmother<br>
|-
Kvindemenneske- woman<br>
| Kommunemand || city official
Køb, Kjøb- purchase  
|-
| Kone || wife, married woman
|-
| Kongelige (Kl.) || Royal, government
|-
| Kontorbetjent || office clerk
|-
| Kontorchef || head of office staff
|-
| Kontormedhjælper || office clerk
|-
| Kost, Kostet || cost, the cost
|-
| Kravede || required
|-
| Kun || just, only, only the
|-
| Kunde || could, might, would; also client, patron
|-
| Kundskab || knowledge
|-
| Kundgjørelse || announcement, notification
|-
| Kusine || cousin
|-
| Kvinde, Qvinde || woman
|-
| Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder || godmother
|-
| Kvindemenneske || woman
|-
| Køb, Kjøb || purchase
|}


'''L'''<br>
====L====
Lagte- pay<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Landarbejder- farm worker<br>
! Danish !! English
Landbo- farmer renter<br>
|-
Landbruger- farmer<br>
| Lagte- pay || pay
Laugværge- widow's guardian, chosen by her and usually her brother<br>
|-
Lærte hederlige- learned and honorable<br>
| Landarbejder- farm worker || farm worker
Lejer- tenant<br>
|-
Lensmanden- the constable<br>
| Landbo- farmer renter || farmer renter
Leve- live<br>
|-
Levende- living<br>
| Landbruger || farmer
Leveret- suppied, delivered, provided<br>
|-
Lig- equal, similar to<br>
| Laugværge || a widow’s guardian who would be <br>present with her during her deceased <br>husband’s probate. Widows had the <br>privilege to choose their <br>own Guardian, which normally was one of <br>her brothers
Ligel- ditto<br>
|-
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally<br>
| Lærte hederlige || learned and honorable
Ligesom- like, somewhat, as<br>
|-
Ligkiste- coffin<br>
| Lejer || tenant
Likvidere- liquidate<br>
|-
Livsarvinger- living heirs<br>
| Lensmanden || the constable
Lod- lot, share<br>
|-
Logerende- tenant, lodger<br>
| Leve || live
Lov- law<br>Lovlig- legal<br>
|-
Lyder saaledes- reads thus<br>
| Levende || living
Løbende- current, continuous, standing<br>
|-
Løse- resolve, solve  
| Leveret || suppied, delivered, provided
|-
| Lig || equal, similar to
|-
| Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally || ditto
|-
| Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally || likewise, also, equally
|-
| Ligesom || like, somewhat, as
|-
| Ligkiste || coffin
|-
| Likvidere || liquidate
|-
| Livsarvinger || living heirs
|-
| Lod || lot, share
|-
| Lodseddel/Boslod || Certificate for a share or lot
|-
| Logerende || tenant, lodger
|-
| Lov || law
|-
| Lovlig || legal
|-
| Lyder saaledes || reads thus
|-
| Løbende || current, continuous, standing
|-
| Løse || resolve, solve
|}


'''M'''<br>
====M====
m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen")- with guided pen. Usually appears under the signatures of those who could not write.<br>
{| class="wikitable"
m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”)- with guided pen (see m.f.P.) <br>
! Danish !! English
M.V., (abbrev. of med videre)- continued, forward<br>
|-
Maa- must, may, should, shall, must be<br>
| m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen") || this abbreviation usually appears under the <br>signatures of those witnessing the probate, who <br>either could not write or just needed help with writing
Madmoder- woman of the house, housewife<br>
|-
Magistrat/Magistrate- justice for the peace<br>
| m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”) || abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or <br>“with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”
Magistrats Gods- magistrate’s estate <br>
|-
Maitresse- mistress<br>
| M.V., (abbrev. of med videre) || continued, forward
Maj- May <br>
|-
Maj., Majestæts- majesty<br>
| Maa || must, may, should, shall, must be
Man- man, husband, one, you, it<br>
|-
Mand- man, men<br>
| Madmoder || woman of the house, housewife
Manden- the man<br>
|-
Mandfadder- godfather<br>
| Magistrat/Magistrate || justice for the peace
Mandkjøn- male <br>
|-
Med- with, by, of, the<br>
| Magistrats Gods || magistrate’s estate
Medmindre- unless<br>
|-
Meere, Mere- more, further<br>
| Maitresse || mistress
Mellem- between <br>
|-
Men- but<br>
| Maj., Majestæts- majesty || May
Mere- more<br>
|-
Middel- medium, average, part<br>
| Maj., Majestæts || majesty
Mindreårige- minors<br>
|-
Moder, Mor- mother <br>
| Man || man, husband, one, you, it
Moderens- the mother <br>
|-
Modt- appeared, met, was present<br>
| Mand || man, men
Modtagen- receive<br>
|-
Mor, Moder- mother<br>
| Manden || the man
Morbroder- mother’s brother, uncle <br>
|-
Morfader, morfar- mother’s father, grandfather<br>
| Mandfadder || godfather
Mormoder, mormor- mother’s mother, grandmother<br>
|-
Mortis (Latin)- death<br>
| Mandkjøn || male
Moster- aunt, mother’s sister<br>
|-
Mostermand- mother’s sister’s husband<br>
| Mark || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling
Muldseddel- see Jordseddel<br>
|-
Myndig- of legal age. The age varied throughout Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18. <br>
| Med || with, by, of, the
Mænd- men<br>
|-
Mændenes- the men, appraisers<br>
| Medmindre || unless
Møde- meeting, appointment<br>
|-
Mødte, Mødt- met, met with, present, in attendance <br>
| Meere, Mere || more, further
Mø- maiden, virgin<br>
|-
Må or Maa- do, be, must, may, should<br>
| Mellem || between
Maad- goal, way, means<br>
|-
Maanad- month  
| Men || but
|-
| Mere || more
|-
| Middel || medium, average, part
|-
| Mindreårige || minors, under age
|-
| Moder, Mor || mother
|-
| Moderens || the mother
|-
| Modt || appeared, met, was present
|-
| Modtagen || receive
|-
| Mor, Moder || mother
|-
| Morbroder || mother’s brother, uncle
|-
| Morfader, morfar || mother’s father, grandfather
|-
| Mormoder, mormor || mother’s mother, grandmother
|-
| Mortis (Latin) || death
|-
| Moster || aunt, mother’s sister
|-
| Mostermand || mother’s sister’s husband
|-
| Muldseddel || see Jordseddel
|-
| Myndig || of legal age. The age varied throughout <br>Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered <br>mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were <br>never recognized as “of age” until 1857, <br>and always had a guardian appointed to them. <br>After 1857, the “of age” age for single <br>women was the same as men. In 1922, <br>everyone was considered “of age” when they <br>turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.  
|-
| Mænd || men
|-
| Mændenes || the men, appraisers
|-
| Møde || meeting, appointment
|-
| Mødte, Mødt || met, met with, present, in attendance
|-
| Mø || maiden, virgin
|-
| Må or Maa || do, be, must, may, should
|-
| Maad || goal, way, means
|-
| Maanad || month
|}


'''N'''<br>
====N====
Naar- where, when<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Nafnlig- namely<br>
! Danish !! English
Namful- namely<br>
|-
Nati, Natiuitas (Latin)- birth<br>
| Naar || where, when
Navnlig- namely <br>
|-
Navnet- name, the name <br>
| Nafnlig || namely
Nemlig- namely<br>
|-
Navn- name <br>
| Namful || namely
Nedlagt- closed, asks, seeks, claims<br>
|-
Nej- no <br>
| Nati, Natiuitas (Latin) || birth
Nevø- nephew<br>
|-
Niece- niece<br>
| Navnet || name, the name
Noch- also<br>
|-
Nogen- any<br>
| Navneklud || embroidery
Nogen tid siden- sometime before<br>
|-
Noget- something, anything <br>
| Navnlig || namely
Nok- enough<br>
|-
Nu- now <br>
| Nemlig || namely
Nutid- present<br>
|-
Nuværende- current, present, existing<br>
| Navn || name
Nyfder ophold- of age (legal)<br>
|-
Ny, Nyt- new <br>
| Nedlagt || closed, asks, seeks, claims
Næmlig, namely- namely, that is <br>
|-
Næringsvei- occupation<br>
| Nej || no
Næst- next<br>
|-
Nærværende- present<br>
| Nevø || nephew
Når- when, where  
|-
| Niece || niece
|-
| Noch || also
|-
| Nogen || any
|-
| Nogen tid siden || sometime before
|-
| Noget || something, anything
|-
| Nok || enough
|-
| Nu || now
|-
| Nutid || present
|-
| Nuværende || current, present, existing
|-
| Nyfder ophold || of age (legal)
|-
| Ny, Nyt || new
|-
| Næmlig, namely || namely, that is
|-
| Næringsvei || occupation
|-
| Næst || next
|-
| Nærværende || present
|-
| Når || when, where
|}


'''O'''<br>
====O====
O.S.V.-etc. <br>
{| class="wikitable"
Odel- freehold land<br>
! Danish !! English
Ofververends- attending<br>
|-
Og, Oc, Och- and<br>
| O.S.V. || etc.
Ogfolder- live<br>
|-
Ogsaa, Også- also <br>
| Odel || freehold land
Oktober- October<br>
|-
Oldefader- great-grandfather <br>
| Ofververends || attending
Oldemoder- great-grandmother<br>
|-
Om- about, in, on <br>
| Og, Oc, Och || and
Omkostninger- expenses, costs<br>
|-
Opdrætte- breed<br>
| Ogfolder || live
Opfostringshus- orphanage<br>
|-
Oplaest- announced, read, spoken<br>
| Ogsaa, Også || also
Opgiven- stated, studied<br>
|-
Opgjort- calculate, estimate<br>
| Oktober || October
Opholde sig- reside, stay<br>
|-
Opholder- living, staying <br>
| Oldefader || great-grandfather
Opholdsted- place of residence<br>
|-
Opløbe- finish<br>
| Oldemoder || great-grandmother
Opmærksom- attentive, mindful, aware<br>
|-
Oplysninger- information, data, details<br>
| Om || about, in, on
Ordre- order <br>
|-
Ovenmeldte- above reported<br>
| Omkostninger || expenses, costs
Ovenævnte- above mentioned, aforementioned<br>
|-
Overformynderi- trustee (someone who needs a guardian)<br>
| Opdrætte || breed
Overformynderiet- Guardianship records<br>
|-
Overførende- transferring<br>
| Opfostringshus || orphanage
Overrække- present, give<br>
|-
Overskydende- excess<br>
| Oplaest || announced, read, spoken
Overstige- exceed<br>
|-
Overværelse- presence, attendance<br>
| Opgiven || stated, studied
Overværends- attending  
|-
| Opgjort || calculate, estimate
|-
| Opholde sig || reside, stay
|-
| Opholder || living, staying
|-
| Opholdsted || place of residence
|-
| Opløbe || finish
|-
| Opmærksom || attentive, mindful, aware
|-
| Oplysninger || information, data, details
|-
| Ordre || order
|-
| Ovenmeldte || above reported
|-
| Ovenævnte || above mentioned, aforementioned
|-
| Overformynderi || trustee (someone who needs a guardian)
|-
| Overformynderiet || Guardianship records
|-
| Overførende || transferring
|-
| Overrække || present, give
|-
| Overskydende || excess
|-
| Overstige || exceed
|-
| Overværelse || presence, attendance
|-
| Overværends || attending
|}


'''P''' <br>
====P====
p., post- after<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Paa- on, at, in <br>
! Danish !! English
Paa grund- because <br>
|-
Paa stedet- at this place <br>
| p., post || after
Paahvileds, Paahvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to<br>
|-
Paalagt- order, put on, entrusted<br>
| Paa || on, at, in
Paaløbende- accrued, incidental<br>Pante- mortgage<br>
|-
Passere- pass<br>
| Paa grund || because
Pastorat- parish<br>
|-
Penge- money<br>
| Paa stedet || at this place
Personerne- the people<br>
|-
Pige- girl, maid, servant<br>
| Paahvileds, Paahvile || rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Pigebarn- girl child<br>
|-
Pigen- the maid, that girl <br>
| Paalagt || order, put on, entrusted
Plasmand- cottager<br>
|-
Plejebarn- foster child<br>
| Paaløbende || accrued, incidental
Plejebørn- foster children<br>
|-
Plejeforældre- foster parents<br>
| Pante || mortgage
Plejemoder- foster mother<br>
|-
Plejesøn- foster son<br>Protocol, Protokol- ledger, journal<br>
| Passere || pass
Pligtmand- tenant<br>
|-
Proprietær- farmer (large)<br>
| Pastorat || parish
Provst- rural dean<br>
|-
Provsti- deanery<br>
| Penge || money
Provstinde- deans wife<br>
|-
Præst, præsten- priest, the priest, clergyman, minister<br>
| Personerne || the people
Præstegield- clerical district<br>
|-
Pulitiaduakat- district attorney<br>
| Pige || girl, maid, servant
Pådømmelse- trial, judgment<br>
|-
Påhvileds, Påhvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to <br>
| Pigebarn || girl child
Påløbende- accrued, incidental<br>
|-
Påstod- claimed  
| Pigen || the maid, that girl
|-
| Plasmand || cottager
|-
| Plejebarn || foster child
|-
| Plejebørn || foster children
|-
| Plejeforældre || foster parents
|-
| Plejemoder || foster mother
|-
| Plejesøn || foster son
|-
| Protocol, Protokol || ledger, journal
|-
| Pligtmand || tenant
|-
| Proprietær || farmer (large)
|-
| Provst || rural dean
|-
| Provsti || deanery
|-
| Provstinde || deans wife
|-
| Præst, præsten || priest, the priest, clergyman, minister
|-
| Præstegield || clerical district
|-
| Pulitiaduakat || district attorney
|-
| Pådømmelse || trial, judgment
|-
| Påhvileds, Påhvile || rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
|-
| Påløbende || accrued, incidental
|-
| Påstod || claimed
|}


'''Q '''<br>
====Q====
Qua (Latin)- which, where, what, see, that<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde- woman, the woman<br>
! Danish !! English
Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn- female gender<br>
|-
Qvindemenneske- women  
| Qua (Latin) || which, where, what, see, that
|-
| Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde || woman, the woman
|-
| Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn || female gender
|-
| Qvindemenneske || women
|}


'''R '''<br>
====R====
Raadhusskriver- town hall clerk scribe <br>
{| class="wikitable"
Raadlighed- command, disposal, available, provided<br>
! Danish !! English
Raadmand, Rådmand- councilman, alderman<br>
|-
Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler)- a former Danish monetary unit.<br>
| Raadhusskriver || town hall clerk scribe
Realiserede- realized, achieved, actual, recorded<br>
|-
Realisation- realization<br>
| Raadlighed || command, disposal, available, provided
Registrerede- registered <br>
|-
Registering- inventory, registration<br>
| Raadmand, Rådmand || councilman, alderman
Registrering og Vurdering- inventory and appraisal<br>
|-
Renter- interest<br>
| Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler) || a former Danish monetary unit.
Resten- the rest<br>
|-
Resterende- balance, remainder<br>
| Realiserede || realized, achieved, actual, recorded
Resultat- result, profit, earnings<br>
|-
Retlige- legal, the legal, justice<br>
| Realisation || realization
Retsformand- persiding judge<br>
|-
Retten- court<br>
| Registrerede || registered
Ridefoged- bailiff<br>
|-
Rigtighed- accuracy, correctness, truthfulness<br>Rime- agree<br>Rimelig- reasonable, fair, fair price<br>
| Registering || inventory, registration
Rodemester- tax collector<br>
|-
Rådlighed- command, disposal, available, provided<br>
| Registrering og Vurdering || inventory and appraisal
Rådmand, Raadmand- councilman, alderman  
|-
| Renter || interest
|-
| Resten || the rest
|-
| Resterende || balance, remainder
|-
| Resultat || result, profit, earnings
|-
| Retlige || legal, the legal, justice
|-
| Retsformand || persiding judge
|-
| Retten || court
|-
| Ridefoged || bailiff
|-
| Rigsdaller/Rd(l) || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>more than a mark or a skilling
|-
| Rigtighed || accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
|-
| Rime || agree
|-
| Rimelig || reasonable, fair, fair price
|-
| Rodemester || tax collector
|-
| Rådlighed || command, disposal, available, provided
|-
| Rådmand, Raadmand || councilman, alderman
|}


'''S'''<br>
====S====
Saa- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Saadan- such <br>
! Danish !! English
Saaledes- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows<br>
|-
Saavel- both<br>
| Saa || so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Sabbat- Sabbath <br>
|-
Sagen- proceedings<br>
| Saadan || such
Sagfører- lawyer<br>
|-
Sal., Salig, Salige- deceased <br>
| Saaledes || namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Samling- meeting<br>
|-
Sammen- together or same<br>
| Saavel || both
Sammenaulede-begotten<br>
|-
Sammenauled-together beget<br>
| Sabbat || Sabbath
Sammen avlede- together begotten<br>
|-
Sammenleje- living together<br>
| Sagen || proceedings
Sammenviede- married together <br>
|-
Sammestads- same place<br>
| Sagfører || lawyer
Samt- as well, well as<br>
|-
Samtikke, samtykke- consent, agree<br>
| Sal., Salig, Salige || deceased
Samtlige- all<br>
|-
Sandsynligt- probable, likely<br>
| Samling || meeting
Sedler- banknotes, bills<br>
|-
Sees- seeing, seen, is seen<br>
| Sammen || together or same
Seigneur-Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable<br>
|-
Self tilhøre- self-owned <br>
| Sammenaulede || begotten
Selvejer- owner, freeholder<br>
|-
Set- viewed, seen<br>
| Sammenauled || together beget
Sidste- last<br>
|-
Sig- him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the <br>
| Sammen avlede || together begotten
Sige god- say good (vouch)<br>
|-
Signor (French)- Mr. <br>Sin, Sine- its, his, her, there<br>Sind- mind<br>Sit- its, his, her <br>Skabe- create, generate, provide, also cabinets<br>
| Sammenleje || living together
Sin- his, hers<br>
|-
Skal- do, must, to be, should<br>
| Sammenviede || married together
Skatteopkræver- tax debt, tax charges<br>
|-
Skeed- given<br>
| Sammestads || same place
Skeedte- occurred<br>
|-
Skete, Skeed- happened, occurred, did<br>
| Samt || as well, well as
Skifte- probate <br>
|-
Skifte forretning- probate proceeding<br>
| Samtikke, samtykke || consent, agree
Skiftes foretagelse- probate execution<br>
|-
Skiftes holdelse- probate proceeding<br>
| Samtlige || all
Skifte og Deeling- probate and distribution<br>
|-
Skifteforvalter- probate administrator, probate agent<br>
| Sandsynligt || probable, likely
Skifteomkostningerne- probate costs<br>
|-
Skifteprotokoller- probate records <br>
| Sedler || banknotes, bills
Skifteretten- probate court<br>
|-
Skiftesamling- probate meeting of heirs<br>
| Sees || seeing, seen, is seen
Skifter handling- settlement<br>
|-
Skiftet- the probate<br>
| Seigneur || Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable
Skilde- separate<br>
|-
Skjønt- though<br>
| Self tilhøre || self-owned
Skilling- monetary unit<br>
|-
Skrivelse- letter<br>
| Selvejer || owner, freeholder
Skriver- scribe, clerk<br>
|-
Skriverstue- writing room, office<br>
| Set || viewed, seen
Skulde- should, would, might<br>
|-
Skylde- owe<br>
| Sidste || last
Skøn- estimate, assessment<br>
|-
Sl.,sal.,-deceased <br>
| Sig || him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the
Slagfreds- illegitimate <br>
|-
Slagfredsdatter- illegitimate daughter<br>
| Sige god || say good (vouch)
Slagfredssøn- illegitimate son<br>
|-
Slutte- finish, end, conclude<br>
| Signor (French) || Mr.
Slægt- family, relatives<br>
|-
Små- small <br>
| Sin, Sine || its, his, her, there
Sognebarn- parishioner <br>
|-
Sognefoged- sheriff, constable<br>
| Sind || mind
Solgt- sold<br>
|-
Som- as, since, who, which, as, whom, that<br>
| Sit || its, his, her
Soskendebarn- niece, nephew<br>
|-
Spurgte- inquired, asked<br>
| Skabe || create, generate, provide, also cabinets
Spædbarn- infant, baby<br>
|-
S(igno)r- Mister<br>
| Sin || his, hers
Stads- city<br>
|-
Stadboende- city residents<br>
| Skal || do, must, to be, should
Stedbarn- stepchild<br>
|-
Stedbørn- stepchildren<br>
| Skatteopkræver || tax debt, tax charges
Steddatter- step daughter<br>
|-
Stedfader- step father<br>
| Skeed || given
Stedmoder- step mother<br>
|-
Stedsøn- step son<br>
| Skeedte || occurred
Stervbo, Sterfboen- estate, inventory of the deceased<br>
|-
Stifbarn- stepchild<br>
| Skete, Skeed || happened, occurred, did
Stifbørn- stepchildren<br>
|-
Stift, Stiftet- diocese, the diocese<br>
| Skifte || probate
Stue- ground, room, living room <br>
|-
Stærboet- same place, place where deceased lived<br>
| Skiftebrevet || probate letter
Stævningsmand- baliff sheriff<br>
|-
Sur- confused<br>
| Skifte forretning || probate proceeding
Svigerdatter- daughter-in-law<br>
|-
Svigerfader- father-in-law<br>
| Skiftes foretagelse || probate execution
Svigerinde- sister-in-law<br>
|-
Svigermoder- mother-in-law<br>
| Skiftes holdelse || probate proceeding
Svigersøn-son-in-law<br>
|-
Svoger- brother-in-law<br>
| Skifte og Deeling || probate and distribution
Svogerske- sister-in-law<br>
|-
Sødskende(s)- siblings, sisters<br>
| Skifteforvalter || probate administrator, probate agent
Søn, Sønnen- son, the son<br>
|-
Sønnedatter- son’s daughter<br>
| Skifteomkostningerne || probate costs
Sønnekone- son’s wife<br>
|-
Sønnen- the son<br>
| Skifteprotokoller || probate records
Sønnerne- the sons<br>
|-
Sønnesøn- son’s son<br>
| Skifteretten || probate court
Søskende- siblings<br>
|-
Søskendebarn- cousins<br>
| Skiftesamling || probate meeting of heirs
Søskendefætter- first cousin<br>
|-
Søster- sister<br>
| Skifter handling || settlement
Så- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since<br>
|-
Sådan- such, how, to, this<br>
| Skiftet || the probate
Således- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows<br>
|-
Såvel- both<br>
| Skilde || separate
|-
| Skjønt || though
|-
| Skilling || monetary unit; former Danish monetary unit. <br>Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling
|-
| Skrivelse || letter
|-
| Skriver || scribe, clerk
|-
| Skriverstue || writing room, office
|-
| Skulde || should, would, might
|-
| Skylde || owe
|-
| Skøn || estimate, assessment
|-
| Sl.,sal. || sal.,-deceased
|-
| Slagfreds || illegitimate
|-
| Slagfredsdatter || illegitimate daughter
|-
| Slagfredssøn || illegitimate son
|-
| Slutte || finish, end, conclude
|-
| Slægt || family, relatives
|-
| Små || small
|-
| Sognebarn || parishioner
|-
| Sognefoged || parish bailiff
|-
| Solgt || sold
|-
| Som || as, since, who, which, as, whom, that
|-
| Soskendebarn || niece, nephew
|-
| Spurgte || inquired, asked
|-
| Spædbarn || infant, baby
|-
| S(igno)r || Mister
|-
| Stads || city
|-
| Stadboende || city residents
|-
| Stedbarn || stepchild
|-
| Stedbørn || stepchildren
|-
| Steddatter || step daughter
|-
| Stedfader || step father
|-
| Stedmoder || step mother
|-
| Stedsøn || step son
|-
| Stervbo, Sterfboen || estate, inventory of the deceased
|-
| Stifbarn || stepchild
|-
| Stifbørn || stepchildren
|-
| Stift, Stiftet || diocese, the diocese
|-
| Stue || ground, room, living room
|-
| Stærboet || same place, place where deceased lived
|-
| Stævningsmand || baliff sheriff
|-
| Sur || confused
|-
| Svigerdatter || daughter-in-law
|-
| Svigerfader || father-in-law
|-
| Svigerinde || sister-in-law
|-
| Svigermoder || mother-in-law
|-
| Svigersøn || son-in-law
|-
| Svoger || brother-in-law
|-
| Svogerske || sister-in-law
|-
| Sødskende(s) || siblings, sisters
|-
| Søn, Sønnen || son, the son
|-
| Sønnedatter || son’s daughter
|-
| Sønnekone || son’s wife
|-
| Sønnen || the son
|-
| Sønnerne || the sons
|-
| Sønnesøn || son’s son
|-
| Søskende || siblings
|-
| Søskendebarn || cousins
|-
| Søskendefætter || first cousin
|-
| Søster || sister
|-
| Så || so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
|-
| Sådan || such, how, to, this
|-
| Således || namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
|-
| Såvel || both
|}


'''T'''<br>
====T====
Tagelse- making, admission, aquisition, exemption<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Tager- takes, taking, out, are, does<br>
! Danish !! English
Taksere- appraise<br>
|-
Tarv- best interests<br>
| Tagelse || making, admission, acquisition, exemption
Tarveligt- simple, poor, shoddy, menial, frugally<br>
|-
Testes- witnesses <br>
| Tager || takes, taking, out, acquisition, does
Tidligere- previously, past<br>
|-
Tiener, tjener, tjeneste- servant<br>
| Taksere || acquisition, appraise
Til- to, for<br>
|-
Tilbud- offer, proposition<br>
| Tarv- best interests || acquisition, interests
Tilbød- offered<br>Tidligere- previously, past, earlier<br>
|-
Tidligt- early, premature, soon<br>
| Tarveligt || simple, poor, shoddy, acquisition, frugally
Tilgodehavender- receivables<br>
|-
Tilhører- belonging to<br>
| Testes || acquisition, witnesses
Tilhørende- belonging, matching, related<br>
|-
Tilkendegive- declare, indicate, express, show, inform<br>
| Tidligere || acquisition, past
Tillade- allow, permit, let<br>
|-
Tillidsmænd- trustees, representatives<br>
| Tiener, tjener, tjeneste || acquisition, tjeneste- servant
Tilladelse- permission <br>
|-
Tillige- also, along with, in addition, together<br>
| Til || acquisition, for
Tilligemed- together, preceded by, also<br>
|-
Tillynsing- announcement, posting <br>
| Tilbud || acquisition, proposition
Tilspurgte- inquired, asked<br>
|-
Tilstand- condition, state, status<br>
| Tilbød || acquisition, offered
Tilstede, til stede- present, in attendance; also permit, grant, allow <br>
|-
Tilstedeværende- present<br>
| Tidligere || acquisition, earlier
Tilstillede- sent, appointed, given<br>
|-
Tilstaa- testify, swear, confirm, acknowledge<br>
| Tidligt || acquisition, soon
Tilstaaelse- confession, admission, acknowledgement<br>
|-
Tilsvar- chargable amount<br>
| Tilgodehavender || acquisition, receivables
Tilsvarende- corresponding, equivalent, similar, comparable; also liable, responsible for<br>
|-
Tilsværge- swear<br>
| Tilhører || acquisition, to
Tilsynsværge- legal guardian<br>
|-
Tiltage- increase, grow<br>
| Tilhørende || acquisition, related
Tiltale- prosecute, charge, address, speak to<br>
|-
Ting- court<br>
| Tilkendegive || declare, indicate, express, acquisition, inform
Tingmanden- court officer<br>
|-
Tjenende- serving<br>
| Tillade || acquisition, let
Tjener, tiener- serve<br>
|-
Troloved, trolovet- engaged<br>
| Tillidsmænd || acquisition, representatives
Trykt- printed<br>
|-
Tømmer- timber<br>
| Tilladelse || acquisition, permission
Tømrer- carpentry  
|-
| Tillige || also, along with, acquisition, together
|-
| Tilligemed || acquisition, also
|-
| Tillynsing || acquisition, posting
|-
| Tilspurgte || acquisition, asked
|-
| Tilstand || acquisition, status
|-
| Tilstede, til stede || til, stede- present, present, in attendance; also permit, acquisition, allow
|-
| Tilstedeværende || acquisition, present
|-
| Tilstillede || acquisition, given
|-
| Tilstaa || testify, swear, acquisition, acknowledge
|-
| Tilstaaelse || acquisition, acknowledgement
|-
| Tilsvar || acquisition, amount
|-
| Tilsvarende || corresponding, equivalent, similar, acquisition, responsible for
|-
| Tilsværge || acquisition, swear
|-
| Tilsynsværge || acquisition, guardian
|-
| Tiltage || acquisition, grow
|-
| Tiltale || prosecute, charge, acquisition, speak to
|-
| Ting || acquisition, court
|-
| Tingmanden || acquisition, officer
|-
| Tjenende || acquisition, serving
|-
| Tjener, tiener || acquisition, tiener- serve
|-
| Troloved, trolovet || acquisition, trolovet- engaged
|-
| Trykt || acquisition, printed
|-
| Tømmer || acquisition, timber
|-
| Tømrer || acquisition, carpentry
|}


'''U'''<br>
====U====
Ubetydelig- insignificant<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Udbetal, udbetaling- cash, cash out, withdraw, payment<br>
! Danish !! English
Udgang- end, exit, output<br>
|-
Udelt- undivided, entirely<br>
| Ubetydelig || insignificant
Uden- without <br>
|-
Ude- out, away<br>
| Udbetal, udbetaling || cash, cash out, withdraw, payment
Uden- without<br>
|-
Udflytning- moving out<br>
| Udgang || end, exit, output
Udgift- expense, cost<br>
|-
Udi- in, at, of, from<br>
| Udelt || undivided, entirely
Udlagt- laid out, reported<br>
|-
Udlæg- costs, outlay, expenses<br>
| Uden || without
Udnævnte-appointed <br>
|-
Udskifteligt- replacable, removable, interchangable<br>
| Ude || out, away
Udøbt- unbaptized<br>
|-
Uge- week <br>
| Uden || without
Uger- weeks <br>
|-
Ugift- unmarried <br>
| Udflytning || moving out
Umage, Umagelig- effort, pains, uncomfortable<br>
|-
Umindelig- as far as can be remembered, immemorial<br>
| Udgift || expense, cost
Umulig, Umuligt- impossible <br>
|-
Umyndig- underage, minor<br>
| Udi || in, at, of, from
Umyndiges vegne- minors behalf <br>
|-
Umådelig- extremely, immensely<br>
| Udlagt || laid out, reported
Unde- underage; also give, wish, grant<br>
|-
Under- under<br>
| Udlæg || costs, outlay, expenses
Underrets dommer- court judge-lower<br>
|-
Underrretssay Fører- court judge lower<br>
| Udnævnte || appointed
Underskrevet- undersigned<br>
|-
Underskrevne- signed <br>
| Udskifteligt || replacable, removable, interchangable
Undertegnede- the undersigned<br>
|-
Undgaas- avoided<br>
| Udøbt || unbaptized
Undladt, Undlod- failed, omited, left undone<br>
|-
Undtagen- except <br>
| Uge || week
Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor <br>
|-
Ugift- unmarried <br>
| Uger || weeks
Ung- young<br>
|-
Uskiftet bo (boe)- unprobated estate, undivided estate <br>
| Ugift || unmarried
Utlagt, udladt- announced, reported<br>
|-
Uægte- illegitimate <br>
| Umage, Umagelig || effort, pains, uncomfortable
|-
| Umindelig || as far as can be remembered, immemorial
|-
| Umulig, Umuligt || impossible
|-
| Umyndig || underage, minor
|-
| Umyndiges vegne || minors behalf
|-
| Umådelig || extremely, immensely
|-
| Unde || underage; also give, wish, grant
|-
| Under || under
|-
| Underrets dommer || court judge-lower
|-
| Underrretssay Fører || court judge lower
|-
| Underskrevet || undersigned
|-
| Underskrevne || signed
|-
| Undertegnede || the undersigned
|-
| Undgaas || avoided
|-
| Undladt, Undlod || failed, omited, left undone
|-
| Undtagen || except
|-
| Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor || bachelor
|-
| Ugift || unmarried
|-
| Ung || young
|-
| Uskiftet bo (boe) || unprobated estate, undivided estate
|-
| Utlagt, udladt || announced, reported
|-
| Uægte || illegitimate
|}


'''V and W'''<br>
====V and W====
Vanvittig- retarded<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Var, Varnede, Værende, Været- was, were, being, been<br>
! Danish !! English
Ved- at or by<br>
|-
Vedbørlig- legal<br>
| Vanvittig || retarded
Ved Døden er afgaaet- with death has departed, who died<br>
|-
Vederlag- compensation, renumeration, proceeds<br>
| Var, Varnede, Værende, Været || was, were, being, been
Vedgå- admit, own, acknowledge <br>
|-
Vedkomme, Vedkommende- person concerned <br>
| Ved || at or by
Vegne, Wegen- behalf<br>
|-
Velædle- noble<br>
| Vedbørlig || legal
Velbegavet- well endowed<br>
|-
Vel som- well as (saa vel som- as well as), unable<br>
| Ved Døden er afgaaet || with death has departed, who died
Velbe., Vel begavet- well endowed<br>
|-
Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige- noble lineage<br>
| Vederlag || compensation, renumeration, proceeds
Vellærde- well educated<br>
|-
Vid- wide, extensive, open; also wit<br>
| Vedgå || admit, own, acknowledge
Vide- know<br>
|-
Videre- further, forward, continue<br>
| Vedkomme, Vedkommende || person concerned
Vidner- witnesses<br>
|-
Vidste- did, knew, know, did not know<br>
| Vegne, Wegen || behalf
Vil, Vilde- shall, would, want, will<br>
|-
Villig- willing, prepared, ready<br>
| Velædle || noble
Vis- show, certain, view, some, degree<br>
|-
Vitterlig- known<br>
| Velbegavet || well endowed
Vitterlighedsmænd- witnesses, notaries, attestors<br>
|-
Vor- our<br>
| Vel som || as well as), unable
Vurder- rate, assess, evaluate<br>
|-
Vurdere- to value, price, appraise<br>
| Velbe., Vel begavet || well endowed
Vurderet, Vurderede- assessed, appraised<br>
|-
Vurdering- appraisal, evaluation, estimation <br>
| Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige || noble lineage
Vurderingsmand- appraiser<br>
|-
Vurderingsmænd- appraisers<br>
| Vellærde || well educated
Værd- worth, value<br>
|-
Være- be, have, to be, to <br>
| Vid || wide, extensive, open; also wit
Værende umlyndige- being minors<br>
|-
Værende- living<br>
| Vide || know
Været- been<br>
|-
Værge- guardian, typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father.
| Videre || further, forward, continue
|-
| Vidner || witnesses
|-
| Vidste || did, knew, know, did not know
|-
| Vil, Vilde || shall, would, want, will
|-
| Villig || willing, prepared, ready
|-
| Vis || show, certain, view, some, degree
|-
| Vitterlig || known
|-
| Vitterlighedsmænd || witnesses, notaries, attestors
|-
| Vor || our
|-
| Vurder || rate, assess, evaluate
|-
| Vurdere || to value, price, appraise
|-
| Vurderet, Vurderede || assessed, appraised
|-
| Vurdering || appraisal, evaluation, estimation
|-
| Vurderingsmand || appraiser
|-
| Vurderingsmænd || appraisers
|-
| Værd || worth, value
|-
| Være || be, have, to be, to
|-
| Værende umlyndige || being minors
|-
| Værende || living
|-
| Været || been
|-
| Værge || guardian. All minors (umyndige) were appointed <br>a guardian, after a parents death, to <br>represent them throughout the probate process. <br>The Guardian appointed was typically the father’s <br>eldest brother (if the father had died), or the <br>father himself (if the mother had died). By law, <br>the guardian must be from the father’s side <br>unless there were no living male relatives <br>of the father, in which case the guardian <br>would be from the mother’s male relatives
|}


'''Y'''<br>
====Y====
Yderligere- additonal, more<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Ydre- outer<br>
! Danish !! English
Ygste- youngest<br>
|-
Ytre- utter, express, speak  
| Yderligere || additonal, more
|-
| Ydre || outer
|-
| Ygste ||  youngest
|-
| Ytre || utter, express, speak
|}


'''Æ'''<br>
====Æ====
Ægte- real, true, authentic, legitimate <br>
{| class="wikitable"
Ægteskab- marriage <br>
! Danish !! English
Ældste- oldest<br>
|-
Æta (Latin)- age<br>
| Ægte ||  real, true, authentic, legitimate  
Ætas (Latin)- age, days, time, period  
|-
| Ægteskab || marriage
|-
| Ældste || oldest
|-
| Æta (Latin) || age
|-
| Ætas (Latin) || age, days, time, period
|}


'''Ø'''<br>
====Ø====
Øge- increase<br>
{| class="wikitable"
Ønsker- do, want, wish, need<br>
! Danish !! English
Øvrige- other, additional, remaining  
|-
| Øge ||  increase
|-
| Ønsker || do, want, wish, need
|-
| Øvrige || other, additional, remaining
|}


'''Å'''<br>
====Å====
År- year<br>
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
|-
| År || year
|}


=== Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates<br>  ===
== Household and Farm Items ==
''Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates''
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
! A !!
|-
| aag, åg || shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
|-
| alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
| alkove || alcove, bed closed with doors or curtains, shared by 2-3 people
|-
| arbejdsvogn || wagon
|}


A<br>aag, åg- shoulder yoke for carrying buckets<br>arbejdsvogn- wagon
====B====
{| class="wikitable"
! B !!
|-
| bagetrug ||  bakers trough for kneading dough
|-
| baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd ||  wooden tub with iron bands
|-
| band || bands
|-
| baandknif, båndkniv || small chopping knife
|-
| becken, bækken || pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
|-
| beester || beasts
|-
| bench || bench
|-
| beholder || container
|-
| benklæder, beenklæder || trousers
|-
| beslag || brackets, hardware
|-
| beslagen vogn || wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
|-
| besætningen || herd
|-
| bikube || beehive
|-
| bilægerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| bimpel || small barrel, used for transporting beer to/from the fields
|-
| bismer || small portable scale
|-
| blaa, blå || blue
|-
| blaargarns, blårgarns || wool or linen cloth
|-
| blaastribed || blue striped
|-
| blick, blech lygte || small portable tin lamp
|-
| boghylde || bookshelf
|-
| bor || auger
|-
| bord || table
|-
| bornholmer || grandfather clock
|-
| bryggerkedel || brewing kettle
|-
| bryggkar, bryggekar || brewing vat
|-
| brystdug || vest
|-
| brændevin || alcohol
|-
| bukser, buxer ||  trousers
|-
| bulle, bol || a short top for women
|-
| bul øxe, buløkse || forest ax
|-
| bænk || bench
|-
| bæster || beasts
|-
| båbdknif || small chopping knife
|}


B<br>bagetrug- bakers trough for kneading dough<br>baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd- wooden tub with iron bands<br>band- bands<br>baandknif, båndkniv- small chopping knife<br>becken, bækken- pan containing hot coals to heat the bed<br>beester- beasts<br>bench- bench<br>beholder- container<br>benklæder, beenklæder- trousers<br>beslag- brackets, hardware<br>beslagen vogn- wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood<br>besætningen- herd<br>bilægerkakkelovn- stove<br>bismer- small portable scale<br>blaa, blå- blue<br>blaargarns, blårgarns- wool or linen cloth<br>blaastribed- blue striped<br>blick, blech lygte- small portable tin lamp<br>boghylde- bookshelf<br>bor- auger<br>bord- table<br>bornholmer- grandfather clock<br>bryggerkedel- brewing kettle<br>bryggkar, bryggekar- brewing vat<br>brystdug- vest<br>brændevin- alcohol<br>bukser, buxer- trousers<br>bulle, bol- a short top for women<br>bul øxe, buløkse- forest ax<br>bænk- bench<br>bæster- beasts<br>båbdknif- small chopping knife
====C====
{| class="wikitable"
! C !!
|-
| carter || cards for carding wool
|}


C<br>carter- cards for carding wool
====D====
{| class="wikitable"
! D !!
|-
| degntrug || wooden trough for bread kneading
|-
| dejtrug || dough trough, used for kneading and raising bread overnight
|-
| dragkiste || chest of drawers
|-
| drejels, dreeils || hinge, pivot
|-
| driftetrug, drøftetrug || low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
|-
| drægtig|| pregnant (livestock)
|-
| drøftetrug || sifting trough, used to clean chaff from the grain
|-
| dug || cloth, tablecloth
|-
| dyne || quilt, duvet
|-
| dørslag || colander
|-
| dørslag || colander
|}


D<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest of drawers<br>drejels, dreeils- hinge, pivot<br>driftetrug, drøftetrug- low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet<br>dørslag- colander<br>dørslag- colander
====E====
{| class="wikitable"
! E !!
|-
| ege, eege || oak
|-
| egebord || oak table
|-
| egedragkiste- oak chest || oak chest
|-
| egekar oak vat || oak vat
|-
| egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock || keepsake box, sometimes with a lock
|-
|}


E<br>ege, eege- oak<br>egebord- oak table<br>egedragkiste- oak chest<br>egekar oak vat<br>egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest<br>drægtig- pregnant (livestock)<br>drejels, dreeils- finer type fabric<br>drifte trug, drøfte trug- grain cleaning trough<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet
====F====
{| class="wikitable"
! F !!
|-
| faar- sheep || sheep
|-
| filtes- felted, made of felt || felted, made of felt
|-
| fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg || a tub that can hold 25 kg
|-
| fleske olle- meat brining vat || meat brining vat
|-
| fluefanger || fly catcher
|-
| forklæde- apron || apron
|-
| fuglebur || birdcage
|-
| fyrre- pine || pine
|-
| fyrrebord- pine desk || pine desk
|-
| føl, følle- foal || foal
|-
| får- sheep || sheep
|-
| får med grøde- pregnant sheep || pregnant sheep
|}


F<br>faar- sheep<br>filtes- felted, made of felt<br>fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg<br>fleske olle- meat brining vat<br>forklæde- apron<br>fyrre- pine<br>fyrrebord- pine desk<br>føl, følle- foal<br>får- sheep<br>får med grøde- pregnant sheep
====G====
{| class="wikitable"
! G !!
|-
| garvinde- yarn reel || yarn reel
|-
| gestlinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| giæs- geese || geese
|-
| giæs med grøde- geese with goslings || geese with goslings
|-
| glas- glass || glass
|-
| graa, grå- gray || gray
|-
| gravspade, grevespade- grave spade || grave spade
|-
| greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle || grip, level, handle
|-
| grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets || piglets
|-
| gryde- pot || pot
|-
| gul- yellow || yellow
|-
| grøn- green || green
|-
| grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock) || pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
|-
| gæs, giæs- geese || geese
|-
| gæslinger, geslinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| gåse-hilde || goose tether
|}


G<br>garvinde- yarn reel<br>gestlinge- goslings<br>giæs- geese<br>giæs med grøde- geese with goslings<br>glas- glass<br>graa, grå- gray<br>gravspade, grevespade- grave spade<br>greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle<br>grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets<br>gryde- pot<br>gul- yellow<br>grøn- green<br>grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)<br>gæs, giæs- geese<br>gæslinger, geslinge- goslings
====H====
{| class="wikitable"
! H !!
|-
| haand qvern, håndkværn || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
|-
| haandøxe, håndøkse || hand ax
|-
| haankattunsklæder, håndklæder || towels
|-
| hakkebret, hakkebræt || chopping board
|-
| hakkekniv || chopping knife
|-
| halskobbel, halskoppel || horse harness
|-
| halstørklæde || scarf or muffler
|-
| hampe || hemp
|-
| hand qvern || hand mill
|-
| haspe || type of yarn winder
|-
| hat || hat
|-
| hauger, haver || removable wagon sides
|-
| hempharve, harver || harrow or cultivator
|-
| hengeskab || hanging cupboard
|-
| hest, hæst || horse
|-
| hestføl || very young foal
|-
| hestplag || colt
|-
| himmelseng || poster bed/canopy bed
|-
| hingst || stallion
|-
| hingsteføl || very young foal
|-
| hjørneskab || corner cabinet
|-
| hoppe || mare
|-
| hose || hose, knitted long stockings
|-
| hoveddyne || pillow
|-
| hovedpude, hoved pude || pillow
|-
| hue || cap
|-
| huge block, huggeblok ||  chopping block
|-
| huggehus || workshop
|-
| hvergarns || linsey-woolsey
|-
| hvid || white
|-
| hæst, hest || horse
|-
| høelee, høle || scythe
|-
| hør || linen
|-
| hørlærritz, hørlærred || made of linen
|-
| håndklæder || towels
|-
| håndkværn, haand qvern || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
|}


H<br>haand qvern, håndkværn- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing<br>haandøxe, håndøkse- hand ax<br>haankattunsklæder, håndklæder-towels<br>hakkebret, hakkebræt- chopping board<br>halskobbel, halskoppel- horse harness<br>halstørklæde- scarf or muffler<br>hampe- hemp<br>hand qvern- hand mill<br>haspe- type of yarn winder<br>hat- hat<br>hauger, haver- removable wagon sides<br>hempharve, harver- harrow or cultivator<br>hengeskab- hanging cupboard<br>hest, hæst - horse<br>hestføl- very young foal<br>hestplag- colt<br>himmelseng- poster bed<br>hingst- stallion<br>hingsteføl- very young foal<br>hjørneskab- corner cabinet<br>hoppe- mare<br>hose- hose, knitted long stockings<br>hoveddyne- pillow<br>hovedpude, hoved pude- pillow<br>hue- cap<br>huge block, huggeblok- chopping block<br>hvergarns- linsey-woolsey<br>hvid- white<br>hæst, hest- horse<br>høelee, høle- scythe<br>hør- linen<br>hørlærritz, hørlærred- made of linen<br>håndklæder-towels<br>håndkværn, haand qvern- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
====I====
{| class="wikitable"
! I !!
|-
| ildtag || fire poker
|}


I<br>ildtag- fire poker
====J====
{| class="wikitable"
! J !!
|-
| jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
|-
| jakke || jacket
|-
| jern || iron, stove
|-
| jernbilæggerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| jernbaand, jernbånd || iron bands
|-
| jernbismer || small portable scale made of iron
|-
| jerngryde || iron pot
|-
| jernpande || iron pan
|-
| jern vægge || iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
|}


J<br>jakke- jacket<br>jern- iron, stove<br>jernbilæggerkakkelovn- stove<br>jernbaand, jernbånd- iron bands<br>jernbismer- small portable scale made of iron<br>jerngryde- iron pot<br>jernpande- iron pan<br>jern vægge- iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
====K====
{| class="wikitable"
! K !!
|-
| kaabe || cloak
|-
| kaaber || copper
|-
| kaarsklæder || light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
|-
| kakkelovn || stove
|-
| kalfve, kalve || calf
|-
| kande || jug
|-
| kappe || cloak
|-
| kar || vessel, vat
|-
| karter || wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
|-
| karstol || three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
|-
| kasket || cap
|-
| kartuns, kattuns || made of cotton
|-
| keddle, kiedel || kettle
|-
| kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kierne || churn
|-
| kiol || mens formal jacket
|-
| kiør || cows
|-
| kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kjole || men's formal jacket
|-
| kjole og hvidt || women's formal dress
|-
| kiste || chest
|-
| klinket fad || mended dish, sometimes mended with staples inserted in small drilled holes
|-
| klæde kiste || dress chest
|-
| klæde skab || wardrobe, upright clothes chest
|-
| knapper || buttons
|-
| kniplinger || lace
|-
| kniv || knife
|-
| koe, ko || cow
|-
| komfur || stove
|-
| konvolut || cap
|-
| kopper || copper
|-
| kornharpe || type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
|-
| krave || collar
|-
| krukke || crock
|-
| kuvert || hat
|-
| krage til flæsk || bacon rack, for smoking meat in the chimney
|-
| krave || cows
|-
| krus || pottery mug
|-
| kvern || mill
|-
| kvie, qvie || heifer
|-
| kviekalve- heifer calf || heifer calf
|-
| kvæg, qveeg || cattle
|-
| kærne || churn
|-
| køer || cows
|-
| kørekappe || driving jacket, cloak, or cap
|-
| kåbe || cloak
|}


K<br>kaabe- cloak<br>kaaber- copper<br>kaarsklæder- light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat<br>kakkelovn- stove<br>kalfve, kalve- calf<br>kande- jug<br>kappe- cloak<br>kar- vessel, vat<br>karter- wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn<br>karstol- three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs<br>kasket- cap<br>kartuns, kattuns- made of cotton<br>keddle, kiedel- kettle<br>kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kierne- churn<br>kiol- mens formal jacket<br>kiør- cows<br>kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kjole- men's formal jacket<br>kjole og hvidt- women's formal dress<br>kiste- chest<br>klæde kiste- dress chest<br>klæde skab- wardrobe, upright clothes chest<br>knapper- buttons<br>kniplinger- lace<br>kniv- knife<br>koe, ko- cow<br>komfur- stove<br>konvolut- cap<br>kopper- copper<br>kornharpe- type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain<br>krave- collar<br>krukke- crock<br>kuvert- hat<br>krave- cows<br>krus- pottery mug<br>kvern- mill<br>kvie, qvie- heifer<br>kviekalve- heifer calf<br>kvæg, qveeg- cattle<br>kærne- churn<br>køer- cows<br>kørekappe- driving jacket, cloak, or cap<br>kåbe- cloak
====L====
{| class="wikitable"
! L !!
|-
| lagen || sheet
|-
| lam, lamb || lamb
|-
| langbænk || bench, used at a dining table
|-
| lehnestoel, lænestol || armchairs
|-
| ler || clay
|-
| leerfad, lerfad || pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
|-
| lin, liin || linen
|-
| lyddæmper || muffler
|-
| lysesaks, lyse sax || candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
|-
| lysestøbekar || candle maker
|-
| læder || leather
|-
| lædersele || leather harness for a horse
|-
| lænestol, lehnestoel || armchairs
|-
| løgte || lamp
|}


L
====M====
{| class="wikitable"
! M !!
|-
| madskab || wooden upright food pantry
|-
| mangle fiel og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| manglebrædt og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| malkekande, mælkekande || milk jug
|-
| malet || painted
|-
| messing || brass
|-
| messingbækken || brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
|-
| meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered || iron tool for harvesting corn
|-
| morter || mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
|-
| møbler || furniture
|-
| mønstrede || patterned
|}


lagen- sheet<br>lam, lamb- lamb<br>lehnestoel, lænestol- armchairs<br>ler- clay<br>leerfad, lerfad- pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.<br>lin, liin- linen<br>lyddæmper- muffler<br>lysesaks, lyse sax- candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge<br>læder- leather<br>lædersele- leather harness for a horse<br>lænestol, lehnestoel- armchairs<br>løgte- lamp
====N====
{| class="wikitable"
! N !!
|-
| nattrøye || night shirt
|-
| naur || auger
|-
| navneklud || embroidery
|-
| nederdel || skirt
|}


M<br>madskab- wooden upright food pantry<br>mangle fiel og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>manglebrædt og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>malkekande, mælkekande- milk jug<br>malet- painted<br>messing- brass<br>messingbækken- brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed<br>meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered- iron tool for harvesting corn<br>morter- mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)<br>møbler- furniture<br>mønstrede- patterned
====O====
{| class="wikitable"
! O !!
|-
| okse || ox
|-
| olmerdug, ulmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| olle || oil
|-
| omdannet ostekar || re-used cheese vat
|-
| otting || container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
|-
| overdyne || duvet cover
|-
| ovn || stove
|}


N<br>nattrøye- night shirt<br>naur- auger<br>nederdel- skirt
====P====
{| class="wikitable"
! P !!
|-
| pande || pan
|-
| papir || paper
|-
| penge || cash
|-
| peber qvern, peverkværn || pepper mill
|-
| plag || colt
|-
| plove || plow
|-
| plove med behor || plow with accessories
|-
| porcellæn || porcelain
|-
| prykket || dotted
|-
| pude, puude || pillow
|-
| pudevår || pillowcases
|-
| pynteærmer || interchangable dress sleeves
|-
| pyntetørklæde || decorative scarf
|-
| pyramide, pyramidehylde || pyramid-shaped shelf, used for displaying a household's finest items until abt 1920s-1930s
|}


O<br>okse- ox<br>olmerdug, ulmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>olle- oil<br>otting- container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg<br>overdyne- duvet cover<br>ovn- stove
====Q====
{| class="wikitable"
! Q !!
|-
| qveeg, kvæg || cattle
|-
| qvern || mill
|-
| qvie, kvie || heifer
|-
| qvie kalfe || heifer calf
|}


P<br>pande- pan<br>papir- paper<br>penge- cash<br>peber qvern, peverkværn- pepper mill<br>plag- colt<br>plove- plow<br>plove med behor- plow with accessories<br>porcellæn- porcelain<br>prykket- dotted<br>pude, puude- pillow<br>pudevår- pillowcases<br>pynteærmer- interchangable dress sleeves<br>pyntetørklæde- decorative scarf<br>pyramide- pyramid-shaped shelf
====R====
{| class="wikitable"
! R !!
|-
| rede penge || ready cash
|-
| redskaber || tools
|-
| rist || 3-legged grill rack
|-
| riveiern, rivegern || grater
|-
| roekniv || beet knife
|-
| rok || spinning wheel
|-
| rød || red
|}


Q<br>qveeg, kvæg- cattle<br>qvern- mill<br>qvie, kvie- heifer<br>qvie kalfe- heifer calf  
====S====
{| class="wikitable"
! S !!
|-
| saks, sax || scissors
|-
| saltkar || small salt container
|-
| selde || flat straw basket for sifting flour
|-
| seletøj || harness for a horse
|-
| seng || bed
|-
| sengested || bedstead
|-
| serker, særke || petticoat
|-
| siebøtte || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sigte || sieve
|-
| sikar || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sjal || shawl
|-
| skab || cabinet
|-
| ske, skeer || spoon, spoons
|-
| skieppe, skæppe || 20-liter container
|-
| skind || skins, pelts, or leather
|-
| skindbuxor || buckskin pants
|-
| skiorte, skjorte || shirt
|-
| skiær, skære bænk || cutting bench, workbench
|-
| skiære kiiste, skærekiste || "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
|-
| skielderier, skilderier || painting or photgraph
|-
| sko, skoe || shoes
|-
| skæppemål || bushel measure; abt 1/8 of a grain barrel, or about 17 liters
|-
| skære (skiær) bænk og kniv || cutting table and knife
|-
| skørt, skiordt || skirt
|-
| slagbenk, slagbænk || daybed, bench
|-
| sliibe steen, slibesten || grindstones
|-
| slæde || sled
|-
| småsvin || piglets
|-
| snittebænk | cutting bench, work bench
|-
| sold || sieve or screen
|-
| spade || spade or shovel
|-
| spand || bucket
|-
| spejl || mirror
|-
| spinderok || spinning wheel
|-
| spisebord || dining table
|-
| spiserkammer || pantry
|-
| spender, spænder || buckles
|-
| spæde kalve || infant calf
|-
| stager || candlesticks, usually with a stand
|-
| stampekærne || butter/cream churn
|-
| standtønder || food storage barrels
|-
| stander seng || floor bed
|-
| steen kruuse med laag || tea mug with lid
|-
| stegepande || frying pan
|-
| stenform || brick mold
|-
| stettins tallerken || tin-enameled plate
|-
| stie, stige || laddar
|-
| stol, stoele, stole || chair, chairs
|-
| stort || large, high
|-
| stribet || striped
|-
| strippe || wooden scoop
|-
| strygejern || an iron, typically used on smaller items; early irons were made of brass, 18th/19th century irons were made of cast iron
|-
| strømber, strømper || stockings
|-
| stud kalv, studekalv || steer calf
|-
| studlinge || steer calf
|-
| stueur, stueuhr || clock
|-
| støvler || boots
|-
| sukkertang || sugar cutter
|-
| sulekammer || larder
|-
| sviin, svin || pigs
|-
| sæde || seat
|}


R<br>rede penge- ready cash<br>redskaber- tools<br>rist- 3-legged grill rack<br>riveiern, rivegern- grater<br>rok- spinning wheel<br>rød- red
====T====
{| class="wikitable"
! T !!
|-
| tabel || table
|-
| taburet, taberet || stool
|-
| taft || taffeta
|-
| tallerkne, tallerken || plate
|-
| tavle || table
|-
| tel økse, tælleøkse || small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
|-
| tengsel || small ax for hollowing out wood
|-
| ternet || checkered
|-
| thepotte || teapot
|-
| tilbehør || attachments, accessories
|-
| tin || tin or pewter
|-
| tinkrus, tinkruus || tin cup
|-
| tintalerkener || tin or pewter plate
|-
| tragt || funnel
|-
| trefoder || tripod for placing cookware over a fire
|-
| tromle || barrel or drum
|-
| tronestole || throne (chair)
|-
| trug || trough
|-
| træ || wooden
|-
| træbismer || small portable wooden scale
|-
| trækar || wooden container
|-
| træskoe, træsko || wooden shoes
|-
| træhaver, træe haver || wooden extensions for wagon sides
|-
| trøje || sweater
|-
| tækkelad || a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
|-
| tøj || clothes
|-
| tønde || barrel
|-
| tørklæde || head scarf
|-
| tørvespade || peat spade
|}


S<br>saks, sax- scissors<br>saltkar- small salt container<br>selde- flat straw basket for sifting flour<br>seletøj- harness for a horse<br>seng- bed<br>sengested- bedstead<br>serker, særke- petticoat<br>siebøtte- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sigte- sieve<br>sikar- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sjal- shawl<br>skab- cabinet<br>ske, skeer- spoon, spoons<br>skieppe, skæppe- 20-liter container<br>skind- skins, pelts, or leather<br>skindbuxor- buckskin pants<br>skiorte, skjorte- shirt<br>skiær, skære bænk- cutting bench, workbench<br>skiære kiiste, skærekiste- "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed<br>skielderier, skilderier- painting or photgraph<br>sko, skoe- shoes<br>skære (skiær) bænk og kniv- cutting table and knife<br>skørt, skiordt- skirt<br>slagbenk, slagbænk- daybed, bench<br>sliibe steen, slibesten- grindstones<br>slæde- sled<br>småsvin- piglets<br>sold- sieve or screen<br>spade- spade or shovel<br>spand- bucket<br>spejl- mirror<br>spinderok- spinning wheel<br>spisebord- dining table<br>spender, spænder- buckles<br>spæde kalve- infant calf<br>stager- candlesticks, usually with a stand<br>standtønder- food storage barrels<br>stander seng- floor bed<br>steen kruuse med laag- tea mug with lid<br>stegepande- frying pan<br>stettins tallerken- tin-enameled plate<br>stie, stige- laddar<br>stol, stoele, stole- chair, chairs<br>stort- large, high<br>stribet- striped<br>strippe- wooden scoop<br>strygejern- an iron<br>strømber, strømper- stockings<br>stud kalv, studekalv- steer calf<br>studlinge- steer calf<br>stueur, stueuhr- clock<br>støvler- boots<br>sviin, svin- pigs<br>sæde- seat
====U====
{| class="wikitable"
! U !!
|-
| ulmerdug, olmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| underkjole || petticoat
|-
| underdyne || type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
|-
| ungsvin || young pig
|}


T<br>tabel- table<br>taburet, taberet- stool<br>taft- taffeta<br>tallerkne, tallerken- plate<br>tavle- table<br>tel økse, tælleøkse- small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward<br>tengsel- small ax for hollowing out wood<br>ternet- checkered<br>thepotte- teapot<br>tilbehør- attachments, accessories<br>tin- tin or pewter<br>tinkrus, tinkruus- tin cup<br>tintalerkener- tin or pewter plate<br>tragt- funnel<br>trefoder- tripod for placing cookware over a fire<br>tromle- barrel or drum<br>trug- trough<br>træ- wooden<br>træbismer- small portable wooden scale<br>trækar- wooden container<br>træskoe, træsko- wooden shoes<br>træhaver, træe haver- wooden extensions for wagon sides<br>trøje- sweater<br>tækkelad- a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching<br>tøj- clothes<br>tønde- barrel<br>tørklæde- head scarf<br>tørvespade- peat spade
====V/W====
{| class="wikitable"
! V !!
|-
| vaar, vår || pillowcases
|-
| vadmel || homespun
|-
| valkebræt || fulling board; used to full newly-knitted cloth, making it stronger
|-
| vandspand || water bucket
|-
| vanter || mittens
|-
| vaskebræt || washboard
|-
| vest || vest
|-
| vin || wine
|-
| vindovn || stove with combustion door facing the living room
|-
| vogn || wagon
|-
| vraaskab || corner cabinet
|-
| vugge || crib
|-
| væder, vædder || ram
|-
| vægge || wedge
|-
| vægskab || wall cabinet; lock placed near the end where the man would sit at the table, contained important items such as tobacco, money, papers, etc.
|}


U<br>ulmerdug, olmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>underkjole- petticoat<br>underdyne- type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side <br>ungsvin- young pig
====Æ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Æ !!
|-
| ærmer ||  loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
|}


V<br>vaar, vår- pillowcases<br>vadmel- homespun<br>vandspand- water bucket<br>vanter- mittens<br>vest- vest<br>vin- wine<br>vindovn- stove with combustion door facing the living room<br>vogn- wagon<br>vraaskab- corner cabinet<br>vugge- crib<br>væder, vædder- ram<br>vægge- wedge
====Ø====
 
{| class="wikitable"
Æ<br>ærmer- loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
! Ø !!
 
|-
Ø<br>øl, ølle- ale, beer<br>ølflaske- beer bottle<br>øl kande, ølkande- beer jug or pitcher<br>øltragt, ølle tragt- funnel for pouring beer into bottles<br>øreballie, ørebalje- wooden tub with ear-shaped handles<br>øxe, økse- ax<br>
| øl, ølle || ale, beer
 
|-
=== Websites  ===
| ølanker || beer barrel
 
|-
*'''1674 - 1851''' - {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images
| øldunk || beer jug
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
|-
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Fights and Shifts]
| ølflaske || beer bottle
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - Probate extractions for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, NOT just those related to me, a given surname or area. Also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjaelland.
|-
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Probate extractions ('skifteuddrag')] for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country. In Danish only.
| øl kande, ølkande || beer jug or pitcher
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish only.
|-
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish only.
| øltragt, ølle tragt || funnel for pouring beer into bottles
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish only.
|-
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish only.
| øreballie, ørebalje || wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
|-
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Probate records]
| øxe, økse || ax
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s Denmark Probate Records] In Danish only.
|}
 
[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]]
== References  ==
[[Category:Denmark]][[Category:Probate Records]]
 
{{reflist}}
 
 
 
[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
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