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[[Image:Warsaw 3-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px | [[Image:Warsaw 3-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px]] | ||
Effective family research requires a knowledge of major historical events that may have affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, governments, laws, migrations, and religious trends may help you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records such as land and military documents that mention your family. Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events they may have participated in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married.The following are some key dates and events in the history of Poland: | Effective family research requires a knowledge of major historical events that may have affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, governments, laws, migrations, and religious trends may help you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records such as land and military documents that mention your family. Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events they may have participated in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married.The following are some key dates and events in the history of Poland: | ||
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== <span | == <span style="display: none;" id="1247170491802S"> </span>Timeline<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1247170490905_264" /> == | ||
<br>'''500''' Slavic tribes settled in the area that is now Poland. | <br>'''500''' Slavic tribes settled in the area that is now Poland. | ||
'''966''' Mieszko I founds the Polish nation. | '''966''' Mieszko I founds the Polish nation. | ||
'''966-1795''' The Polish Kingdom existed. The Polish state emerged in the 10th century when several tribes united. Christianity was accepted in 966 A.D., and Poland became a kingdom. | '''966-1795''' The Polish Kingdom existed. The Polish state emerged in the 10th century when several tribes united. Christianity was accepted in 966 A.D., and Poland became a kingdom. | ||
'''1100s''' Boleslaw the Wry-Mouthed divides Poland among his sons. | '''1100s''' Boleslaw the Wry-Mouthed divides Poland among his sons. | ||
'''1253''' St. Stanislaus the Martyr is the first Pole to be canonized. | '''1253''' St. Stanislaus the Martyr is the first Pole to be canonized. | ||
'''1320''' Poland reunifies. | '''1320''' Poland reunifies. | ||
'''1333''' Casimir the Great's reign begins. | '''1333''' Casimir the Great's reign begins. | ||
'''1386''' The Polish-Lithuanian Union is established. | '''1386''' The Polish-Lithuanian Union is established. | ||
'''1543''' Polish-born Nicolaus Copernicus says the earth revolves around the sun. | '''1543''' Polish-born Nicolaus Copernicus says the earth revolves around the sun. | ||
'''1569''' Poland reached its greatest territorial expansion. At that time it included Lithuania, Borussia (Latin for Prussia), Volhynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine. Poland's capital moves from Krakow to Warsaw. | '''1569''' Poland reached its greatest territorial expansion. At that time it included Lithuania, Borussia (Latin for Prussia), Volhynia, Podolia, and the Ukraine. Poland's capital moves from Krakow to Warsaw. | ||
'''1582''' The Kingdom of Poland adopted the Gregorian calendar. | '''1582''' The Kingdom of Poland adopted the Gregorian calendar. | ||
'''1655-1660''' Swedish invasions ravage Poland. | '''1655-1660''' Swedish invasions ravage Poland. | ||
'''1772''' First Partition. Russia, Austria, and Prussia each seized one-third of Polish territory (see maps). | '''1772''' First Partition. Russia, Austria, and Prussia each seized one-third of Polish territory (see maps). | ||
'''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen. | '''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen. | ||
'''1794''' Tadeusz Kosciuszko starts a failed rebellion for Polish independence. | '''1794''' Tadeusz Kosciuszko starts a failed rebellion for Polish independence. | ||
'''1795''' Third Partition. Polish resistance was overwhelmed, and the remaining Polish territory was divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to exist. Third Partition erases Poland from the map for 123 years. | '''1795''' Third Partition. Polish resistance was overwhelmed, and the remaining Polish territory was divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to exist. Third Partition erases Poland from the map for 123 years. | ||
'''1806–1813''' Napoleonic Era. Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw (1806) and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1809) from territories previously seized from Prussia and Austria. | '''1806–1813''' Napoleonic Era. Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw (1806) and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1809) from territories previously seized from Prussia and Austria. | ||
'''1810''' Pianist and composer Frederic Chopin is born in Zelazowa Wola. | '''1810''' Pianist and composer Frederic Chopin is born in Zelazowa Wola. | ||
'''1813''' Napoleon’s armies were defeated at Waterloo, bringing an end to the French Empire. | '''1813''' Napoleon’s armies were defeated at Waterloo, bringing an end to the French Empire. | ||
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'''1864''' January uprising resulted from Russia’s efforts to Russify the Kingdom of Poland. | '''1864''' January uprising resulted from Russia’s efforts to Russify the Kingdom of Poland. | ||
'''1911''' Polish scientist Marie Curie wins the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. | '''1911''' Polish scientist Marie Curie wins the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. | ||
'''1917''' During World War I, 22,000 Polish-Americans join Haller's Army in France. | '''1917''' During World War I, 22,000 Polish-Americans join Haller's Army in France. | ||
'''1918–1939''' The Republic of Poland. At the end of World War I Poland reappeared as an independent state after 123 years of foreign rule. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 established Danzig/Gdansk as a free city, nominally independent of both Germany and Poland. | '''1918–1939''' The Republic of Poland. At the end of World War I Poland reappeared as an independent state after 123 years of foreign rule. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 established Danzig/Gdansk as a free city, nominally independent of both Germany and Poland. | ||
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'''1939–1945''' German Occupation. The invasion by the Nazis in 1939 marked the onset of World War II. After the war Poland ceded her eastern territories to the Soviet Union and her western borders were moved west to the Oder and Neisse Rivers, thus establishing her present borders. A provisional government was set up under Soviet auspices in 1945. | '''1939–1945''' German Occupation. The invasion by the Nazis in 1939 marked the onset of World War II. After the war Poland ceded her eastern territories to the Soviet Union and her western borders were moved west to the Oder and Neisse Rivers, thus establishing her present borders. A provisional government was set up under Soviet auspices in 1945. | ||
'''1943''' Polish Jews stage the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. | '''1943''' Polish Jews stage the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. | ||
'''1947''' The Communist party gained full control of the Polish government in state-controlled elections. | '''1947''' The Communist party gained full control of the Polish government in state-controlled elections. | ||
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'''1952''' Poland became a people’s republic on the Soviet model. | '''1952''' Poland became a people’s republic on the Soviet model. | ||
'''1974''' Polish-American Bobby Vinton's "My Melody of Love" tops pop music charts. | '''1974''' Polish-American Bobby Vinton's "My Melody of Love" tops pop music charts. | ||
'''1978''' Karol Wojtyla, the archbishop of Krakow, becomes Pope John Paul II. | '''1978''' Karol Wojtyla, the archbishop of Krakow, becomes Pope John Paul II. | ||
'''1989''' The fall of the Communist regime. | '''1989''' The fall of the Communist regime. | ||
'''1990''' "Solidarity" leader Lech Wałęsa was elected president in Poland’s first free election. | '''1990''' "Solidarity" leader Lech Wałęsa was elected president in Poland’s first free election. | ||
== Local Histories == | == Local Histories == | ||
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Topolski, Jerzy. ''An Outline History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Interpress Publishers, 1986. (FHL book 943.8 H2tj.) | Topolski, Jerzy. ''An Outline History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Interpress Publishers, 1986. (FHL book 943.8 H2tj.) | ||
Wandycz, Piotr S. ''The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795–1918.'' Vol. 7 in series: ''A History of East Central Europe''. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, 1974. (FHL book 940 H2ho.) Includes maps. | Wandycz, Piotr S. ''The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795–1918.'' Vol. 7 in series: ''A History of East Central Europe''. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, 1974. (FHL book 940 H2ho.) Includes maps. | ||
== Calendar Changes == | == Calendar Changes == | ||
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http://www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk/www/HistoryPolska.html | http://www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk/www/HistoryPolska.html | ||
http:// | http://donhoward.net/genpoland/polhistory.htm | ||
http://www.virtuti.com/order/ | http://www.virtuti.com/order/ | ||