318,531
edits
m
Reverted edits by Hanna5974 (talk) to last revision by Murphynw
m (Text replace - "Category:Migration Routes" to "Category:Migration routes") |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
''[[United States Genealogy|United | ''[[United States Genealogy|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Migration Internal|Migration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[US Migration Canals|Canals]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal|Delaware and Raritan Canal]]'' | ||
[[Image:{{Delaware and Raritan Canal Lock Pic}}]]The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal (D&R Canal)''' in [[New Jersey Genealogy|New | [[Image:{{Delaware and Raritan Canal Lock Pic}}]]The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal (D&R Canal)''' in [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]] was a reliable, energy-efficient route between [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadephia]] and [[New York City, New York|New York City]] from 1834 to 1932. It also made a shorter route for boats from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite_coal anthracite coal] fields of eastern [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] to reach [[New York City, New York|New York City]]. The canal reached from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_River Raritan River] at [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick, Middlesex, New Jersey]] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] at Trenton, [[Mercer County, New Jersey Genealogy|Mercer, New Jersey]], and then along the Delaware River to Bordentown, [[Burlington County, New Jersey Genealogy|Burlington, New Jersey]]. One feeder canal stretched from Trenton northwest to Frenchtown, [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey Genealogy|Hunterdon, New Jersey]]. The main canal from New Brunswick to Bordentown was 44 miles (71 km) long; with the feeder canals the total was 66 miles (107 km) long.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Delaware and Raritan Canal" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal (accessed 26 November 2011).</ref> <br><br> | ||
As [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canals | As [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canals canals] developed in [[United States Genealogy|America]] settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the canals provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a canal, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a [[:Category:Migration Routes|connecting waterway or migration route]]. | ||
=== Historical Background === | === Historical Background === | ||
The construction of the Delaware and Raritan Canal in central [[New Jersey Genealogy|New | The construction of the Delaware and Raritan Canal in central [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]] began in 1830 and was completed in 1834. It was dug mostly by [[Ireland|Irish]] immigrants, and mostly by hand. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_lock Locks] were built to help boats up and down the elevation changes along the canal. The upper gate of each lock was replaced with a dam and outlet gate after the canal closed. Canal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway spillways], marked by low spots on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towpath towpath], drained excess water into the nearby river in times of flood.<ref name="D&RC">"Delaware and Raritan Canal History" in ''Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park'' at http://www.dandrcanal.com/history.html (accessed 1 December 2011).</ref> | ||
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%26R_Canal_Trail#Feeder_Canal_Towpath.2FRail-trail feeder canal] was built starting near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchtown,_New_Jersey | A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%26R_Canal_Trail#Feeder_Canal_Towpath.2FRail-trail feeder canal] was built starting near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchtown,_New_Jersey Frenchtown] to supply water to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey Trenton], the highest elevation on the canal. From the completion of the feeder canal, it also was used to carry cargo boats. The feeder canal was soon expanded to allow coal barges from [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] canals into the system.<ref name="D&RC" /> | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barge | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barge Barges] were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse-drawn_boat drawn by horses] on a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towpath towpath] paved with crushed stone until around 1843, when steam powered barges were introduced. The peak usage years on the canal were the 1860s and 1870s when 80 percent of the cargo was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal coal] on the way to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City New York City].<ref name="D&RC" /> | ||
In 1830 construction of a railroad was started in the same area as the canal. To prevent competition of the canal and railroad from driving each other out of business the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_New_Jersey_Railroad_and_Canal_Company two concerns were eventually merged]. In 1855 tracks also were laid near the feeder canal known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvidere_Delaware_Railroad Belvidere-Delaware Railroad]. In time the faster railroads took business from the canal. The last profitable year for the canal was 1892. However, the D&R Canal remained open until 1932. Following its closure to cargo traffic it was turned into one of [[New Jersey Genealogy|New | In 1830 construction of a railroad was started in the same area as the canal. To prevent competition of the canal and railroad from driving each other out of business the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_New_Jersey_Railroad_and_Canal_Company two concerns were eventually merged]. In 1855 tracks also were laid near the feeder canal known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvidere_Delaware_Railroad Belvidere-Delaware Railroad]. In time the faster railroads took business from the canal. The last profitable year for the canal was 1892. However, the D&R Canal remained open until 1932. Following its closure to cargo traffic it was turned into one of [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]]'s most beloved [http://www.dandrcanal.com/park_index.html parks].<ref name="D&RC" /> | ||
<div style="float: left; width: 147%"> | <div style="float: left; width: 147%"> | ||
=== Canal Route === | === Canal Route === | ||
[[Image:Delaware and Raritan Canal Map.png|right|310px]]The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' connects [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey | [[Image:Delaware and Raritan Canal Map.png|right|310px]]The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' connects [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey Bordentown] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey New Brunswick] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_River Raritan River] in central [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]]. The main canal followed to the east side of the Delaware River from Bordentown to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey Trenton]. At Trenton the canal headed northeast to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey Princeton]. The D&R Canal flowed northward from Princeton just to the east of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millstone_River Millstone River] toward [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manville,_New_Jersey Manville] in the Raritan River Valley. At Manville the canal turned eastward following to the south side of the Raritan River on its way toward New Brunswick.<br><br> | ||
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%26R_Canal_Trail#Feeder_Canal_Towpath.2FRail-trail feeder canal] was built to supply water to the highest part of the canal at Trenton. The feeder canal started at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%27s_Island_Recreation_Area Bull's Island], near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchtown,_New_Jersey | A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%26R_Canal_Trail#Feeder_Canal_Towpath.2FRail-trail feeder canal] was built to supply water to the highest part of the canal at Trenton. The feeder canal started at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%27s_Island_Recreation_Area Bull's Island], near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchtown,_New_Jersey Frenchtown] and followed to the east side of the Delaware River on its way southeast to Trenton. | ||
Boats from [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia, | Boats from [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] crossed up the Delaware River to enter the D&R Canal at Bordentown, New Jersey. Barges carrying coal from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Valley Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania] down the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Canal Lehigh Canal] crossed down the Delaware River to get into the D&R feeder canal near Frenchtown, New Jersey. Vessels that reached New Brunswick, New Jersey could continue east into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Kill Arthur Kill], a tidal strait west of [[Richmond (Staten Island) County, New York Genealogy|Staten Island]], to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_Van_Kull Kill Van Kull] north of Staten Island, and into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay Upper New York Bay] to reach [[New York (Manhattan) County, New York Genealogy|New York (Manhattan) County, New York]] as well as neighboring boroughs. | ||
'''Counties''' south to north along the route: | '''Counties''' south to north along the route: | ||
::*[[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia, | ::*[[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] connected via the Delaware River | ||
::*[[Lehigh County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Lehigh County, | ::*[[Lehigh County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Lehigh County, Pennsylvania]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Canal Lehigh Canal] | ||
::*[[Northampton County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Northampton County, | ::*[[Northampton County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Northampton County, Pennsylvania]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Canal Lehigh Canal] connected via the Delaware River | ||
:*[[Burlington County, New Jersey Genealogy|Burlington, New | :*[[Burlington County, New Jersey Genealogy|Burlington, New Jersey]] on the D&R Canal | ||
:*[[Mercer County, New Jersey Genealogy|Mercer County, New | :*[[Mercer County, New Jersey Genealogy|Mercer County, New Jersey]] on the D&R Canal, and ''feeder'' canal | ||
:*[[Hunterdon County, New Jersey Genealogy|Hunterdon County, New | :*[[Hunterdon County, New Jersey Genealogy|Hunterdon County, New Jersey]] on the D&R ''feeder'' canal | ||
:*[[Somerset County, New Jersey Genealogy|Somerset County, New | :*[[Somerset County, New Jersey Genealogy|Somerset County, New Jersey]] on the D&R Canal | ||
:*[[Middlesex County, New Jersey Genealogy|Middlesex County, New | :*[[Middlesex County, New Jersey Genealogy|Middlesex County, New Jersey]] on the D&R Canal | ||
::*[[Richmond (Staten Island) County, New York Genealogy|Richmond (Staten Island), New York]] connected via the Raritan River, and Arthur Kill | ::*[[Richmond (Staten Island) County, New York Genealogy|Richmond (Staten Island), New York]] connected via the Raritan River, and Arthur Kill | ||
::*[[New York (Manhattan) County, New York Genealogy|New York (Manhattan), New York]] connected via the Raritan River, Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull, and Upper New York Bay | ::*[[New York (Manhattan) County, New York Genealogy|New York (Manhattan), New York]] connected via the Raritan River, Arthur Kill, Kill Van Kull, and Upper New York Bay | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
'''Connecting trails.''' The Delaware and Raritan Canal linked to other migration routes at each end.<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America'', 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. {{WorldCat|50140092|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}.</ref> | '''Connecting trails.''' The Delaware and Raritan Canal linked to other migration routes at each end.<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America'', 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. {{WorldCat|50140092|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}.</ref> | ||
The migration routes connected at the southeast end of the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' in [[Philadelphia County, | The migration routes connected at the southeast end of the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' in [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania]] included: | ||
:*the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic | :*the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Bay Delaware Bay] connected [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] with [[:Category:Europe|Europe]], [[:Category:Africa|Africa]], the [[:Category:Caribbean|Caribbean]], and [[:Category:South America|South America]] | ||
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware | :*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] a pre-historic pathway serving as the border between [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] rises in [[Schoharie County, New York Genealogy|Schoharie County, New York]] and flows by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Canal Lehigh Canal] in Pennsylvania, [[Frenchtown, New Jersey|Frenchtown]], [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] where river meets tidewater, and past [[Bordentown, New Jersey|Bordentown]] in New Jersey, [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] in Pennsylvania to empty into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean North Atlantic Ocean]. | ||
:*[[Minsi Path|Minsi Path]] a pre-historic American Indian trail from [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia, | :*[[Minsi Path|Minsi Path]] a pre-historic American Indian trail from [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] to [[Kingston, New York|Kingston, New York]]. | ||
:*[[King's | :*[[King's Highway]] 1673 connected [[Boston, Massachusetts]] to [[Charleston, South Carolina]] and many coastal cities between | ||
:*[[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]] an ancient American Indian trail that served as the border to Indian land until 1744 and then became one of the most important westward migration routes from [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia, | :*[[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]] an ancient American Indian trail that served as the border to Indian land until 1744 and then became one of the most important westward migration routes from [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] to [[Knoxville Knox County Tennessee|Knoxville, Tennessee]] including a south fork from [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, Virginia]] to [[Augusta, Georgia|Augusta, Georgia]]. | ||
:*[[Forbes Road|Forbes Road]] built during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War French and Indian | :*[[Forbes Road|Forbes Road]] built during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War French and Indian War] in 1758 to help the British army attack French forces by reaching from [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Duquesne Fort Duquesne] ([[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]). | ||
:*[[Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal|Delaware and Raritan Canal]] 1834 connected [[New Brunswick, New | :*[[Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal|Delaware and Raritan Canal]] 1834 connected [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]] on the Raritan River (and NY City) to [[Bordontown, New Jersey]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] and parts of [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] | ||
The migration pathways connected at the northeast end of the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' in [[New York City, New York|New York | The migration pathways connected at the northeast end of the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' in [[New York City, New York|New York City]] included: | ||
:*the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic | :*the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_Sound Long Island Sound] connected [[New York City, New York|New York City]] with [[:Category:Europe|Europe]], [[:Category:Africa|Africa]], the [[:Category:Caribbean|Caribbean]], and [[:Category:South America|South America]] | ||
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River Hudson | :*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River Hudson River] a navigable river stretching from north of [[Albany, New York|Albany]] then flowing south to empty into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean] at [[New York City, New York|New York City]] | ||
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_River Raritan | :*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_River Raritan River] a navigable river which rises in [[Morris County, New Jersey Genealogy|Morris County]] and flows through central New Jersey past [[Manville, New Jersey|Manville]] to [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]] where it meets the tide. | ||
:*[[Great Shamokin Path]] a pre-historic Indian path from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island Long Island] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Erie Lake | :*[[Great Shamokin Path]] a pre-historic Indian path from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island Long Island] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Erie Lake Erie] mostly in [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] | ||
:*Port of [[New York City, New York|New York | :*Port of [[New York City, New York|New York City]] 1624 where ships from around the world brought immigrants, and boats could go up the Hudson River | ||
:*[[Albany Post Road|Albany Post Road]] (or Queen's Road, or King's Road) 1669 | :*[[Albany Post Road|Albany Post Road]] (or Queen's Road, or King's Road) 1669 | ||
:*[[King's | :*[[King's Highway]] (or Boston Post Road) 1673 connected [[Boston, Massachusetts]] to [[Charleston, South Carolina]] and many coastal cities between | ||
:*[[Morris Canal]] 1831 connected [[Jersey City, New | :*[[Morris Canal]] 1831 connected [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] (and NY City) to [[Philipsburg, New Jersey]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] and part of [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] | ||
:*[[Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal|Delaware and Raritan Canal]] 1834 connected [[New Brunswick, New | :*[[Delaware_and_Raritan_Canal|Delaware and Raritan Canal]] 1834 connected [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_River Raritan River] (and NY City) to [[Bordontown, New Jersey]] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_River Delaware River] and parts of [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] | ||
Also, the [[King's | Also, the [[King's Highway]] crossed over the middle of the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' at Trenton, Princeton, and New Brunswick in New Jersey. | ||
=== Settlers and Records === | === Settlers and Records === | ||
The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' was built after most of central [[New Jersey Genealogy|New | The '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' was built after most of central [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]] was already settled. It improved transportation between [[New York City|New York City]] and [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia]] and contributed to the development of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh_Valley Lehigh Valley] in Pennsylvania. The canal resulted in additional jobs in towns along the route. Because most of the laborers who built the canal were [[Ireland|Irish]] immigrants, a few of these laborers may have settled in the area. | ||
No complete list of settlers in [[New Jersey Genealogy|New | No complete list of settlers in [[New Jersey Genealogy|New Jersey]], [[New York Genealogy|New York]], or [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]] who used the '''Delaware and Raritan Canal''' is known to exist. | ||
=== External Links === | === External Links === | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
{{reflist}} {{New Jersey|New Jersey}} {{New York|New York}} {{Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania}} | {{reflist}} {{New Jersey|New Jersey}} {{New York|New York}} {{Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:New_Jersey]] [[Category:New_York]] [[Category:Pennsylvania]] [[Category:United_States_Migration_Internal]] [[Category:US_Migration_Canals]] [[Category:Migration_Routes]] </div> | ||