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''[[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish | ''[[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish Genealog[[Category:Jewish records]]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:Jewish records]]] [[Jewish_History|Jewish Histor[[Category:Jewish records]]]''<br> | ||
Effective research requires understanding historical events that affected your family and the records about them. Learning about governments, laws, wars, migrations, and religious and economic trends helps you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records about your family, such as taxation and military documents. | Effective research requires understanding historical events that affected your family and the records about them. Learning about governments, laws, wars, migrations, and religious and economic trends helps you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records about your family, such as taxation and military documents. | ||
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Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events that were of interest to them or that they may have been involved in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married. | Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events that were of interest to them or that they may have been involved in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married. | ||
Since Roman times Jews were found in many cities throughout the Mediterranean region. After the fall of Jerusalem in 66 c.e., Jews were scattered even wider. This scattering of the Jews is called the Diaspora, which means dispersion in Greek. The Jews that settled in Spain [Sepharad in | Since Roman times Jews were found in many cities throughout the Mediterranean region. After the fall of Jerusalem in 66 c.e., Jews were scattered even wider. This scattering of the Jews is called the Diaspora, which means dispersion in Greek. The Jews that settled in Spain [Sepharad in Hebre[[Category:Jewish records]] came to be called the Sephardim or Sephardic Jews. They lived among the Islamic Moors and the Catholic Spanish. This influenced their language and culture. These Jews came to speak a language related to Spanish called Ladino. | ||
Other Jews migrated north from Italy and by medieval times were settled among the Germanic peoples of central Europe. These Jews came to known as the Ashkenazim or Ashkenazic (Ashkenaz means German in Hebrew) Jews. The language that developed among them was closely related to German and called Yiddish. | Other Jews migrated north from Italy and by medieval times were settled among the Germanic peoples of central Europe. These Jews came to known as the Ashkenazim or Ashkenazic (Ashkenaz means German in Hebrew) Jews. The language that developed among them was closely related to German and called Yiddish. | ||
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Kayserlin, Meyer. Historia dos Judeus em Portugal (History of the Jews in Portugal). São Paulo: Livraria Pioneira Editora, 1971. (FHL book 946.9 F2k.) | Kayserlin, Meyer. Historia dos Judeus em Portugal (History of the Jews in Portugal). São Paulo: Livraria Pioneira Editora, 1971. (FHL book 946.9 F2k.) | ||
Wachstein, Bernhard. Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Eisenstadt und den Siebengemeinden (Records and Documents on the History of the Jews in Eisenstadt [ | Wachstein, Bernhard. Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Eisenstadt und den Siebengemeinden (Records and Documents on the History of the Jews in Eisenstadt [Austri[[Category:Jewish records]] and the Seven Congregations). Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1926. (FHL book 943.615/E1 B4w Vol. 2.) | ||
== Chronology == | == Chronology == | ||
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The Gregorian is a correction of the Julian calendar, which had been in use since 46 b.c.e. Leap years had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar; by 1582 the calendar was 10 days behind the solar year. Pope Gregory XIII corrected the calendar by dropping 10 days. The new calendar was adopted by the Catholic church in 1582 but at later dates in non-Catholic countries. Russia did not accept the new calendar until 1918. In Russia and part of Poland, the Julian calendar was generally used throughout the 1800s, when the difference had accumulated to 12 days. Polish vital records often give both the Julian and Gregorian dates. This can be confusing to beginning researchers. When both dates are given, use the later date (the Gregorian) for your record keeping. | The Gregorian is a correction of the Julian calendar, which had been in use since 46 b.c.e. Leap years had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar; by 1582 the calendar was 10 days behind the solar year. Pope Gregory XIII corrected the calendar by dropping 10 days. The new calendar was adopted by the Catholic church in 1582 but at later dates in non-Catholic countries. Russia did not accept the new calendar until 1918. In Russia and part of Poland, the Julian calendar was generally used throughout the 1800s, when the difference had accumulated to 12 days. Polish vital records often give both the Julian and Gregorian dates. This can be confusing to beginning researchers. When both dates are given, use the later date (the Gregorian) for your record keeping. | ||
Many Jews lived in nations where other calendars were prevalent. Most notable is the Muslim calen-dar, which reckons time from the date Muhammad and his fellow Muslims emigrated to Medina in 622 c.e. The French calendar was used in countries ruled by Napoleon (France and bordering countries to the north and east) from 1793–1805 and has to also be converted to the Gregorian calendar. See the [[French Republican | Many Jews lived in nations where other calendars were prevalent. Most notable is the Muslim calen-dar, which reckons time from the date Muhammad and his fellow Muslims emigrated to Medina in 622 c.e. The French calendar was used in countries ruled by Napoleon (France and bordering countries to the north and east) from 1793–1805 and has to also be converted to the Gregorian calendar. See the [[French Republican Calenda[[Category:Jewish records]]]. | ||
Resources and conversion charts have been published that convert dates to the modern Gregorian calendar. Many of these are available free through the Internet, including: | Resources and conversion charts have been published that convert dates to the modern Gregorian calendar. Many of these are available free through the Internet, including: | ||
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{{Jewish|Jewish}}<br> | {{Jewish|Jewish}}<br> | ||
[[Category:Jews| | [[Category:Jews|Histor[[Category:Jewish records]]] | ||