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The following important events in the history of [[Portal:Maryland|Maryland]] affected political jurisdictions, record keeping, and family movements. | The following important events in the history of [[Portal:Maryland|Maryland]] affected political jurisdictions, record keeping, and family movements. | ||
'''1632''' The King of England granted a charter for a colony where British Roman Catholics could settle in North America between [[Portal:Virginia|Virginia]] and what would become [[Portal:Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]].<ref>James McSherry, ''History of Maryland from Its First Settlement in 1634 to the Year 1848'' (Balitmore: John Murphy, 1849), 22-25. Digitized in 2006 by Google Book at http://books.google.com/books?id=K7AcFOAF_9cC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;dq (accessed 12 February 2009).</ref> The charter was granted to Cecilius Calvert, (Lord Baltimore). | '''1632''' The King of England granted a charter for a colony where British Roman Catholics could settle in North America between [[Portal:Virginia|Virginia]] and what would become [[Portal:Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]].<ref>James McSherry, ''History of Maryland from Its First Settlement in 1634 to the Year 1848'' (Balitmore: John Murphy, 1849), 22-25. Digitized in 2006 by Google Book at http://books.google.com/books?id=K7AcFOAF_9cC&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;dq (accessed 12 February 2009).</ref> The charter was granted to Cecilius Calvert, (Lord Baltimore). | ||
'''1632-1691''', and '''1715-1776''' Maryland was a [[P genealogical glossary terms|proprietary]] colony. The Calvert family proprietors (and Governor's Council) issued land grants to entice settlers to the colony before 1680. Starting in 1680 they changed to a [[United States. United-States - Land and Property- Land Terms & Definitions|headrights]] system. For more details see the [[Maryland Land and Property|Maryland Land and Property]] page. | '''1632-1691''', and '''1715-1776''' Maryland was a [[P genealogical glossary terms|proprietary]] colony. The Calvert family proprietors (and Governor's Council) issued land grants to entice settlers to the colony before 1680. Starting in 1680 they changed to a [[United States. United-States - Land and Property- Land Terms & Definitions|headrights]] system. For more details see the [[Maryland Land and Property|Maryland Land and Property]] page. | ||
'''1634:''' The ships ''Ark'' and ''Dove'' brought about 200 Catholic and a few Protestant [[England|English settlers]] to the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, where St. Mary's County was established.<ref>McSherry, 25-33.</ref> | '''1634:''' The ships ''Ark'' and ''Dove'' brought about 200 Catholic and a few Protestant [[England|English settlers]] to the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, where [[St._Mary's_County,_Maryland|St. Mary's County]] was established.<ref>McSherry, 25-33.</ref> | ||
'''1634-:''' Virginia leaders refused to recognize the Maryland charter and continued to sell-off Maryland land on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula Delmarva Peninsula]. This resulted in decades of border conflicts and uncertain land and tax claims, and attempts by Virginians to incite Indians against Maryland. | '''1634-:''' Virginia leaders refused to recognize the Maryland charter and continued to sell-off Maryland land on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula Delmarva Peninsula]. This resulted in decades of border conflicts and uncertain land and tax claims, and attempts by Virginians to incite Indians against Maryland. | ||
'''1649''' Maryland passed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Toleration_Act Religious Toleration Act] to protect Catholics and immigrating Puritans from each other and create an environment to attract more immigrants.<ref> Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland Toleration Act," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Toleration_Act&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=269468219 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref> Eight years of religious wars followed anyway.<br> | '''1649''' Maryland passed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Toleration_Act Religious Toleration Act] to protect Catholics and immigrating Puritans from each other and create an environment to attract more immigrants.<ref> Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland Toleration Act," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Toleration_Act&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=269468219 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref> Eight years of religious wars followed anyway.<br> | ||
Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of transported British convicts.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland—History," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=271243474 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref> Prior to 1776 three-fourths of immigrants were convicts, slaves, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servants indentured servants], or became indentured servants to pay for their passage to America. For information about convicts and indentured servants see the works of Peter Wilson Coldham indexed in [http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry.com], a subscription web site. [[Image:Maryland Colony Map.png|thumb|right|350px|Maryland's disputed border with Pennsylvania 1682-1767.]] | Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_transportation transported British convicts].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Maryland—History," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oldid=271243474 (accessed February 17, 2009). </ref> Prior to 1776 three-fourths of immigrants were convicts, slaves, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servants indentured servants], or became indentured servants to pay for their passage to America. For information about convicts and indentured servants see the works of Peter Wilson Coldham indexed in [http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry.com], a subscription web site. [[Image:Maryland Colony Map.png|thumb|right|350px|Maryland's disputed border with Pennsylvania 1682-1767.]] | ||
'''1682''' Pennsylvania began to assert ownership of what became [[Portal:Delaware|Delaware]] and northern parts of Maryland. The Maryland citizens resisted including the murder of a pushy Pennsylvania tax collector. These border conflicts would not be fully resolved until the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line between 1763 and 1767. | '''1682''' Pennsylvania began to assert ownership of what became [[Portal:Delaware|Delaware]] and northern parts of Maryland. The Maryland citizens resisted including the murder of a pushy Pennsylvania tax collector. These border conflicts would not be fully resolved until the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line between 1763 and 1767. | ||
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'''1706:''' Baltimore port was founded. It soon became a major port and commercial center. | '''1706:''' Baltimore port was founded. It soon became a major port and commercial center. | ||
'''1740s''' Germans from Pennsylvania started moving into central Maryland's Frederick County until it was the second most populous county. | '''1740s''' Germans from Pennsylvania started moving into central Maryland's [[Frederick_County,_Maryland|Frederick County]] until it was the second most populous county. | ||
'''1763-1767:''' The Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary was established by the surveying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Dixon_line Mason-Dixon Line]. | '''1763-1767:''' The Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary was established by the surveying of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Dixon_line Mason-Dixon Line]. | ||
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'''1812-1815:''' The [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812]] involved many Maryland residents, and some battles were fought in Maryland. | '''1812-1815:''' The [[War of 1812, 1812 to 1815|War of 1812]] involved many Maryland residents, and some battles were fought in Maryland. | ||
'''1818:''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Road National Road] section was completed from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, [[Portal: | '''1818:''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Road National Road] section was completed from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, [[Portal:West Virginia|(West) Virginia]] on the Ohio River. | ||
'''1818-1850:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal] was built along the Potomac River from Georgetown to Cumberland, Maryland mainly by Irish workers. | '''1818-1850:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal] was built along the Potomac River from Georgetown to Cumberland, Maryland mainly by Irish workers. | ||
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'''1850s:''' Former slaves like Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas escaped from and through Maryland across the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania or Delaware. Quakers and others who lived in these states helped runaways on the "[http://ww2.mdslavery.net/ Underground Railroad]," a series of safe-houses leading farther north into Canada. The Underground Railroad helped runaways avoid being re-enslaved as a result of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slave_act fugitive slave laws]. [[Image:Battle of Antietam.png|thumb|right|370px|The bloodiest 24 hours in Western Hemisphere history were fought in the Civil War, 17 Sep 1862, at Antietam Creek, Maryland.]] | '''1850s:''' Former slaves like Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas escaped from and through Maryland across the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania or Delaware. Quakers and others who lived in these states helped runaways on the "[http://ww2.mdslavery.net/ Underground Railroad]," a series of safe-houses leading farther north into Canada. The Underground Railroad helped runaways avoid being re-enslaved as a result of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_slave_act fugitive slave laws]. [[Image:Battle of Antietam.png|thumb|right|370px|The bloodiest 24 hours in Western Hemisphere history were fought in the Civil War, 17 Sep 1862, at Antietam Creek, Maryland.]] | ||
By the start of the Civil War 49 percent of [[ | By the start of the Civil War 49 percent of [[African American Research|African Americans]] in Maryland were already free. | ||
'''1851:''' Baltimore City became an independent city and started keeping court, land, and probate records separately from the county. | '''1851:''' Baltimore City became an independent city and started keeping court, land, and probate records separately from the county. | ||
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'''1864:''' Remaining slaves in Maryland were emancipated. | '''1864:''' Remaining slaves in Maryland were emancipated. | ||
'''1865-1875:''' [[ | '''1865-1875:''' [[African American Research|African Americans]], often former slaves from the South, flooded into the [[Portal:District of Columbia|District of Columbia]] and Baltimore looking for work at the end of the Civil War. | ||
'''1904:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Baltimore_Fire Great Baltimore Fire] left 35,000 without jobs. | '''1904:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Baltimore_Fire Great Baltimore Fire] left 35,000 without jobs. | ||