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Idaho Territory: A territory established in 1863 that comprised the present-day states of Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming. Montana became a separate territory in 1864, and Wyoming became a territory in 1868. | Idaho Territory: A territory established in 1863 that comprised the present-day states of Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming. Montana became a separate territory in 1864, and Wyoming became a territory in 1868. | ||
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Iowa Territory: A territory established in 1838 that included all of present-day Iowa, Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. | Iowa Territory: A territory established in 1838 that included all of present-day Iowa, Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. | ||
Ireland Householders Index | '''Ireland Householders Index''': A shortened name for the Index of Surnames of Householders in Griffith’s Primary Valuation and the Tithe Applotment Books. This is a surname index of people who paid taxes to the Church of Ireland or the government of Ireland between 1820 and 1864. It identifies where an individual was living in Ireland. Also called the Householders Index. | ||
Ireland Householders List | '''Ireland Householders List''': A shortened name for the Index of Surnames of Householders in Griffith's Primary Valuation and the Tithe Applotment Books. Also called the Householders Index. | ||
Irish: Something or someone from Ireland; the Goedelic Celtic language of Ireland (also known as Gaelic). | '''Irish''': Something or someone from Ireland; the Goedelic Celtic language of Ireland (also known as Gaelic). | ||
Irish Civil War (1919-1922): A war between the Irish who wanted independence from Great Britain and the Irish who wanted to remain with Great Britain. It began in 1918 when a group of Irish representatives to Parliament refused to go to London and instead met in Dublin. They called themselves Dáil Éirann (House of Representatives). On 21 January 1919 they declared Ireland to be an independent republic. Fighting broke out between British and Irish forces. In 1920 the British Parliament passed the Government of Ireland Act that split Ireland into two countries. These two countries would have some rights to self-government, but they would remain a part of Great Britain. The Dáil Éirann refused to accept this, and southern Ireland began fighting for complete independence. In 1921 a treaty was signed to allow southern Ireland to become a dominion (self-governing country) called the Irish Free State. The Irish Free State would be part of the British Commonwealth. The Irish were sharply divided over this issue, and civil war broke out. The fighting ended in 1923 when the two groups formed different political parties. The Irish Free State remained a part of the British Commonwealth until 1948, when John A. Costello, the prime minister of Ireland, cut all ties with Great Britain and renamed the Irish Free State the Republic of Ireland. | '''Irish Civil War''' (1919-1922): A war between the Irish who wanted independence from Great Britain and the Irish who wanted to remain with Great Britain. It began in 1918 when a group of Irish representatives to Parliament refused to go to London and instead met in Dublin. They called themselves Dáil Éirann (House of Representatives). On 21 January 1919 they declared Ireland to be an independent republic. Fighting broke out between British and Irish forces. In 1920 the British Parliament passed the Government of Ireland Act that split Ireland into two countries. These two countries would have some rights to self-government, but they would remain a part of Great Britain. The Dáil Éirann refused to accept this, and southern Ireland began fighting for complete independence. In 1921 a treaty was signed to allow southern Ireland to become a dominion (self-governing country) called the Irish Free State. The Irish Free State would be part of the British Commonwealth. The Irish were sharply divided over this issue, and civil war broke out. The fighting ended in 1923 when the two groups formed different political parties. The Irish Free State remained a part of the British Commonwealth until 1948, when John A. Costello, the prime minister of Ireland, cut all ties with Great Britain and renamed the Irish Free State the Republic of Ireland. | ||
Irish potato famine: A famine caused when the Irish potato crops planted between 1845 and 1847 failed because of a plant disease. Ireland's population had increased dramatically during the early 1800s. Most of the people lived on small farms that produced little income or rented farms from wealthy landowners. Potatoes had become a staple food for the impoverished population. When the crops failed, over 750,000 people died of starvation, and hundreds of thousands emigrated to the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world. Many thousands more Irish came to Canada during the 1830s for land and economic opportunities than during the potato famine. | '''Irish potato famine''': A famine caused when the Irish potato crops planted between 1845 and 1847 failed because of a plant disease. Ireland's population had increased dramatically during the early 1800s. Most of the people lived on small farms that produced little income or rented farms from wealthy landowners. Potatoes had become a staple food for the impoverished population. When the crops failed, over 750,000 people died of starvation, and hundreds of thousands emigrated to the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world. Many thousands more Irish came to Canada during the 1830s for land and economic opportunities than during the potato famine. | ||
Iroquois, Native Americans: A federation of American Indian tribes who occupied upper New York during the 1600s. The federation was comprised of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. The Tuscarora joined the federation in 1722. The Iroquois called themselves Ongwanonhsioni, meaning "we long house builders." The Iroquois Federation was the most efficient Indian organization in North America. All of the Iroquois except the Oneida and the Tuscarora sided with the British in the French and Indian Wars and in the American Revolution. In 1779 American General John Sullivan destroyed the Iroquois villages in retaliation. After the war the Cayuga, Mohawk, and some Tuscarora moved to reservations in Canada. Most of the Oneida moved to Wisconsin, and the Onondaga and most of the Seneca and Tuscarora moved to five reservations in New York state. | Iroquois, Native Americans: A federation of American Indian tribes who occupied upper New York during the 1600s. The federation was comprised of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. The Tuscarora joined the federation in 1722. The Iroquois called themselves Ongwanonhsioni, meaning "we long house builders." The Iroquois Federation was the most efficient Indian organization in North America. All of the Iroquois except the Oneida and the Tuscarora sided with the British in the French and Indian Wars and in the American Revolution. In 1779 American General John Sullivan destroyed the Iroquois villages in retaliation. After the war the Cayuga, Mohawk, and some Tuscarora moved to reservations in Canada. Most of the Oneida moved to Wisconsin, and the Onondaga and most of the Seneca and Tuscarora moved to five reservations in New York state. | ||