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''[[England]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[London]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[London_Occupations|Occupations]]''
{{London-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
 
| link1=[[England Genealogy|England]]
| link2=[[London, England Genealogy|London]]
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| link5=[[London Business and Occupations|Business and Occupations]]
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==Online Resources==
*'''1916''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-50928/london-1916-kellys-post-office-directory?s=275764761 London 1916 Kelly's Post Office Directory] at MyHeritage — index & images ($)
==Industries==
=== Livery Companies  ===
=== Livery Companies  ===


{{Online course badge
108 livery companies have operated in London. Wikipedia maintains a list of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livery_Company The City Livery Companies], along with links to company websites.  
| link = https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/livery-company-records-and-furthering-your-ancestry/359
| name = Livery Company Records and Furthering Your Ancestry
}} 108 livery companies have operated in London. Wikipedia maintains a list of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livery_Company The City Livery Companies], along with links to company websites.  


[http://81.130.213.163:8002/cgi-bin/lcl.exe The Livery Companies Database] is a helpful resource that supplies contact details for each active company.  
*[http://www.liverycompanies.com/ The Livery Companies Database] is a helpful resource that supplies contact details for each active company.


==== Histories  ====
==== Histories  ====


Histories have been written on many London livery companies. The British Library has compiled a detailed [http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpsubject/history/history/historiesofbritishcompanies/companyhist/companyhist.html#selivco list].  
Histories have been written on many London livery companies. The British Library has compiled a detailed [https://archives.history.ac.uk/guildhallmanuscripts/livintro.htm list]. Most of those published before 1923 are available for free online at [http://www.hathitrust.org/ Hathi Trust], [http://books.google.com Google Books], or [http://www.archive.org Internet Archive].
 
[https://medievallondoners.ace.fordham.edu/resources/documentary-sources/guilds/ Medieval Londoners] identifies several histories, as well as published records, available online.


==== Sources  ====
==== Sources  ====


A bibliography of surviving records from each company was published in 1985.<ref>'Sources: London Livery Companies', ''A Survey of Documentary Sources for Property Holding in London before the Great Fire:'' London Record Society, 22 (1985), pp. 12-36. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64577 Date accessed: 03 January 2012.</ref> The list is available [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64577 online].  
A bibliography of original sources pertaining to London Livery Company members was published in 1982. It is available [https://archives.history.ac.uk/guildhallmanuscripts/livintro.htm online].
 
A bibliography of surviving land records from each company was published in 1985.<ref>'Sources: London Livery Companies', ''A Survey of Documentary Sources for Property Holding in London before the Great Fire:'' London Record Society, 22 (1985), pp. 12-36. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64577 Date accessed: 03 January 2012.</ref> The list is available [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64577 online].  
 
Apprenticeship records are one of the most valuable genealogical sources created by London livery companies. They often name the following information about an apprentice's father: name, residence, and occupation. Cliff Webb has abstracted the records of many companies:
 
*[http://www.findmypast.co.uk London Apprenticeship Abstracts 1442-1850] at Findmypast (£); also available in book form (48 vols.): {{FSC|682418|item|disp=FS Library Books 942.1/L1 U25w v. 1-48}}.
 
:Records from the following companies are included in Webb's abstracts: Apothecaries, Armourers and Brasiers, Basketmakers, Blacksmiths, Bowyers, Brewers, Broderers, Brown Bakers, Butchers, Carmen, Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers, Combmakers, Cooks, Curriers, Cutlers, Distillers, Dyers, Fan Makers, Farriers, Feltmakers, Fishmongers, Fletchers, Founders, Framework Knitters, Fruiterers, Gardeners, Glass-sellers, Glaziers, Glovers, Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers, Grocers, Gunmakers, Horners, Innholders, Ironmongers, Longbowstring Makers, Loriners, Makers of Playing Cards, Masons, Musicians, Needlemakers, Painter-stainers, Pattenmakers, Paviors, Pewterers, Pinmakers, Plaisterers, Plumbers, Poulters, Saddlers, Spectaclemakers, Tallow Chandlers, Tinplate Workers, Tobacco Pipe Makers and Tobacco Blenders, Turners, Tylers and Bricklayers, Upholders, Vintners, Waxchandlers, and Woolmen.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130331084414/http://www.britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-lonapps.aspx About London Apprenticeship Abstracts 1442-1850 (Wayback Machine)], ''British Origins,'' accessed 31 December 2011.</ref>
 
The website [http://www.londonroll.org/home Records of London's Livery Companies Online: Apprentices and Freemen 1400-1900] offers free indexes to The Bowyer's Company (1680-1900), The Clothworkers' Company (1545-1900), The Drapers' Company (c.1400-1900), The Girdlers' Company (1654-1900), The Goldsmith's Company (1600-1700), The Mercers' Company (1339-1900), and The Salters' Company (1599/1600, 1678-1900).<ref>Belinda Griffin, 'Records of London's Livery Companies Online,' ''Family Tree Magazine,'' 21 June 2012, http://family-tree.co.uk/2012/06/records-of-londons-livery-companies-online/, accessed 22 June 2012.</ref><br>
 
For the period '''1524-1553''', a register of London freemen, created independently from the company records, has survived. Welch's abstracts are available [https://archive.org/details/registerfreemen00welcgoog online]. He reports that other freemen records burned in a fire in 1786.
 
In '''1641''', a list of members of City Companies was compiled:
 
*''The Members of the City Companies in 1641, As Set Forth in the Return for the Poll Tax''. 5 vols. {{FSC|291316|item|disp=FS Catalog books 942.1/L1 X3da v. 1-5}}
 
'''1641''' [https://archive.org/stream/historyofworship04johnuoft#page/136/mode/1up Poll Tax of Drapers].
 
In '''1651''', signatures of members of 22 City Companies were taken:
 
*''London Citizens in 1651, Being a Transcript of Harleian MS. 4778.'' 1910. Digital version at [https://archive.org/details/londoncitizensin00whituoft Internet Archive] - free.
 
:22 companies are represented: Apothecaries, Armourers, Bowyers, Bricklayers, Butchers, Carpenters, Cordwainers, Chirurgeons, Cooks, Coopers, Curriers, Founders, Freemasons, Girdlers, Glasiers, Innholders, Painter-Stainers, Poulters, Sadlers, Tallow Chandlers, Turners, and Waxchandlers.
 
*London, England, Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1930. Digital version at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2052/ Ancestry].
 
In '''1696''', oaths from livery company members were recorded. This source acts as a census of liverymen:
 
*[http://britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-aor.aspx Association Oath Rolls for City of London Livery Companies, 1696]at British Origins (£)<br>
 
:77 companies are represented: Grocers, Mercers, Drapers, Fishmongers, Goldsmiths, Skinners, Merchant Taylors, Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmongers, Vintners, Clothworkers, Dyers, Brewers, Leathersellers, Pewterers, Barbers, Cutlers, Bakers, Wax Chandlers, Tallow Chandlers,Armourers and Brasiers, Girdlers, Butchers, Saddlers, Carpenters, Cordwainers, Painter-Stainers, Curriers, Masons, Plumbers, Innholders, Founders, Poulters, Cooks, Coopers, Tylers and Bricklayers, Bowyers, Fletchers, Blacksmiths, Joiners and Ceilers, Weavers, Woolmen, Scriveners, Fruiterers, Plaisterers, Stationers, Broderers, Upholders, Musicians, Turners, Basketmakers, Glaziers, Horners, Farriers, Paviours, Lorimers, Apothecaries, Shipwrights, Spectaclemakers, Clockmakers, Glovers, Combmakers, Feltmakers, Frameworkknitters, Silk Throwers, Carmen, Pinmakers, Needlemakers, Gardeners, Soapmakers, Tinplateworkers, Wheelwrights, Distillers, Hatbandmakers, Pattenmakers, Glass-Sellers, Tobacco Pipemakers, Coachmakers, Watermen, Officers and Yeomen of Guard, Trinity House, Ordnance Office, Officers of Tower, Officers and builders of St Paul's, Heralds, Lutestring Company, Clergy: Archdeaconry of London, Clergy: Archdeaconry of Middlesex, London Dissenters.<ref>Cliff Webb, [https://web.archive.org/web/20111107003328/http://www.britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-aor-background.aspx "Association Oath Rolls - Background to the Documents" (Wayback Machine)], ''British Origins,'' accessed 3 January 2012.</ref>
 
[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/city-of-london-haberdashers-apprentices-and-freemen-1526-1933 City of London Haberdashers, Apprentices and Freemen, 1526-1933] at Findmypast (£).
 
[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=354 Records of the Worshipful Company of Carpenters Volume I: Apprentices' Entry Books 1654-1694] at British History Online. Abstracts of apprenticeship entry books.
 
[http://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/city-of-london-gunmakers-company-freedoms-and-admissions-1656-1936 Gunmakers' Company Freedoms and Admissions, 1656-1936] at Findmypast] (£).
 
Walcot, Cynthia. 'Artists - 1823. A List of names and addresses of Artists in London,' ''The Hampshire Family Historian,'' vol. VIII, no.4 (Feb. 1982), 148-149, FamilySearch Library Ref. 942.27 B27h
 
Inventories and information about the heirs of London freemen are included in Common Serjeant's Books at the [[London Metropolitan Archives]]. A partial index is available [http://search.lma.gov.uk/LMA_DOC/CLA_002.PDF online].
 
[[Peter Wilson Coldham]]'s [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49104 ''Child Apprentices in America from Christ's Hospital, London, 1617-1778''] at Ancestry (£). Lists orphans of citizens of London whose transportation to the colonies was paid for (£).<br>
 
[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-physicians/1550-1640 Physicians and Irregular Medical Practitioners in London 1550-1640] at British History Online.
 
[http://www.calmview.eu/Clothworkers/CalmView/default.aspx Clothworkers' Company Archive Catalogue ].
 
[https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/clockmakers/PSeweEF2RA6Bmkqhtezl-2835-the-company-of-clockmakers-1631-1931-ocr-optimized-pdf Clockmakers' apprentices (PDF)].
 
1631-1732 - "List of Members of the Clockmakers' Company of London" [https://www.academia.edu/4132414/LIST_OF_MEMBERS_OF_THE_CLOCKMAKERS_COMPANY_OF_LONDON_FROM_THE_PERIOD_OF_THEIR_INCORPORATION_IN_1631_TO_THE_YEAR_1732.1_By_C._OCTAVIUS_S._MORGAN_F.R.S._F.S.A?email_work_card=interaction_paper online]
 
1518-present - Index to Fellows of Royal College of Physicians also known as Munk's Roll [https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians online].
 
1496-1515, 1547-1694 - "Skinners' Company: Apprenticeships," 'Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica,' Ser. 3, Vol. I (1896), communicated by G.E. Cokayne:
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA41 A and B Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA76 C Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102 D, E, and F Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149 G, H, and I Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172 J, K, L, and M Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA194 N, O, and P Surnames]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=uVpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA246 P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, and Z Surnames]
 
==== Guildhall Library  ====
 
The original records of most London livery companies are deposited at the [[Guildhall Library|Guildhall Library]]. A guide to their collection is available online:
 
*[http://www.history.ac.uk/gh/livlist.htm Livery Company Membership Guide, Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section]
 
==== Manuscripts on Microfilm  ====
 
{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" align="center" colspan="3" scope="col" | '''Apprenticeship and Freedom Records Microfilmed by FamilySearch'''
|-
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" | '''Company'''
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" | '''Apprentice Years'''
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" | '''Freedom Years'''
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Apothecaries
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|174698|item|disp=1694-1837}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|174698|item|disp=1694-1890}}
|-
| Armourers and Brasiers
| {{FSC|549239|item|disp=1535-1826, 1835-1878}}
| {{FSC|549239|item|disp=1535-1876}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Bakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|485024|item|disp=1721-1730}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
|-
| Barber Surgeons
| {{FSC|590088|item|disp=1672-1861}}
| {{FSC|590088|item|disp=1522-1757}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Basketmakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|527751|item|disp=1639-1844}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|527751|item|disp=1694-1766, 1808-1927}}
|-
| Blacksmiths
| {{FSC|175095|item|disp=1631-1781}}
| {{FSC|175095|item|disp=1728-1855}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Bowyers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176998|item|disp=1723-1759, 1788-1865}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176998|item|disp=1704-1722, 1760-1814}}
|-
| Brewers
| {{FSC|279676|item|disp=1685-1906}}
| {{FSC|279676|item|disp=1685-1824}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Broderers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|514305|item|disp=1694-1713, 1763-1878}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|514305|item|disp=1694-1728}}
|-
| Butchers
| {{FSC|369694|item|disp=1654-1893}}
| {{FSC|369694|item|disp=1658-1844}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Carmens
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|673438|item|disp=1678-1853}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|673438|item|disp=1680-1942}}
|-
| Carpenters
| {{FSC|285571|item|disp=1654-1892}}
| {{FSC|285571|item|disp=1694-1856}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Clockmakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|174667|item|disp=1686-1890}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|174667|item|disp=1712-1878}}
|-
| Coach and Coach Harness Makers
| {{FSC|176480|item|disp=1722-1822 (1803-1893 index)}}
| {{FSC|176480|item|disp=1803-1893}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Cordwainers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|346698|item|disp=1647-1965}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|346698|item|disp=1678-1961}}
|-
| Curriers
| {{FSC|273126|item|disp=1658-1856}}
| {{FSC|273126|item|disp=1678-1840}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Cutlers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|247778|item|disp=1575-1627, 1703-1848}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|247778|item|disp=1613-1863}}
|-
| Distillers
| {{FSC|346571|item|disp=1765-1862}}
| {{FSC|346571|item|disp=1638-1708, 1721-1899}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Dyers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|512866|item|disp=1706-1900}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|512866|item|disp=1650-1826}}
|-
| Farriers
| {{FSC|720305|item|disp=1619-1862}}
| {{FSC|720305|item|disp=1694-1739}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Feltmakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|549233|item|disp=1694-1858}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|549233|item|disp=1755-1898}}
|-
| Fishmongers
| {{FSC|754514|item|disp=1614-1860}}
| {{FSC|754514|item|disp=1593-1870}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Fletchers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176476|item|disp=1519-1602, 1732-1898}}
|-
| Founders
| {{FSC|379074|item|disp=1643-1781}}
| {{FSC|379074|item|disp=1681-1801}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Framework Knitters
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176215|item|disp=1694-1873}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176215|item|disp=1713-1889}}
|-
| Fruiterers
| {{FSC|285429|item|disp=1749-1903}}
| {{FSC|285429|item|disp=1749-1938}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Gardeners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178498|item|disp=1607-1658}}
|-
| Glass Sellers
| {{FSC|400801|item|disp=1665-1853}}
| {{FSC|400801|item|disp=1664-1913}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Glaziers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176465|item|disp=1694-1854}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176465|item|disp=1729-1794}}
|-
| Glovers
| {{FSC|279680|item|disp=1694-1794}}
| {{FSC|279680|item|disp=1735-1851}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|177023|item|disp=1731-1837}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|177023|item|disp=1693-1938}}
|-
| Grocers
| {{FSC|242627|item|disp=1629-1896}}
| {{FSC|242627|item|disp=1345-1652, 1686-1907}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Gunmakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178426|item|disp=1694-1902}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178426|item|disp=1720-1745}}
|-
| Haberdashers
| {{FSC|402449|item|disp=1583-1833}}
| {{FSC|402449|item|disp=1526-1725}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Horners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178525|item|disp=1694-1849}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178525|item|disp=1847-1889}}
|-
| Innholders
| {{FSC|485863|item|disp=1808-1919}}
| {{FSC|485863|item|disp=1673-1921}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Joiners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|486005|item|disp=1641-1793, 1806-1866}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|486005|item|disp=1651-1804}}
|-
| Longbowstringmakers
|
| {{FSC|110308|item|disp=1700-1785, 1794-1797}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Loriners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|596703|item|disp=1838-1909}}
|-
| Masons
| {{FSC|175059|item|disp=1694-1856}}
| {{FSC|175059|item|disp=1694-1795}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Merchant Taylors
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|1176350|item|disp=1583-1861}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|1176350|item|disp=1530-1909 (index)}}
|-
| Musicians
| {{FSC|176484|item|disp=1765-1877}}
| {{FSC|176484|item|disp=1776-1881}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Painter Stainers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|321692|item|disp=1666-1950}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
|-
| Parish Clerks
|
| {{FSC|399851|item|disp=1668-1943}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Pattenmakers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|293369|item|disp=1673-1883}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|293369|item|disp=1674-1899}}
|-
| Paviours
| {{FSC|270564|item|disp=1565-1853}}, {{FSC|270564|item|disp=1694-1862}}
| {{FSC|270564|item|disp=1563-1853}}, {{FSC|270564|item|disp=1694-1706, 1734-1822}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Plaisterers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|756739|item|disp=1763-1874}}
|-
| Plumbers
|
| {{FSC|239084|item|disp=1696-1794}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Poulters
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176962|item|disp=1694-1860, 1872-1899}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|176962|item|disp=1694-1822}}
|-
| Saddlers
| {{FSC|177016|item|disp=1800-1962}}
| {{FSC|177016|item|disp=1697-1994}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Scriveners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|178513|item|disp=1392-1678, 1688-1704}}
|-
| Shipwrights
| {{FSC|284285|item|disp=1727-1794, 1825-1875}}
| {{FSC|284285|item|disp=1694-1894}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Skinners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|958247|item|disp=1496-1888}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|958247|item|disp=1496-1888}}
|-
| Spectaclemakers
| {{FSC|400759|item|disp=1694-1860}}
| {{FSC|400759|item|disp=1699-1873}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Stationers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|273017|item|disp=1555-1900}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|273017|item|disp=1555-1900}}
|-
| Tin Plate Workers
|
| {{FSC|176496|item|disp=1824-1906}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Turners
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|285451|item|disp=1604-1935}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|285451|item|disp=1604-1694, 1789}}
|-
| Tylers and Bricklayers
| {{FSC|174716|item|disp=1612-1894}}
| {{FSC|174716|item|disp=1676-1877}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Upholders
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|756744|item|disp=1698-1947}}
|-
| Vintners
| {{FSC|401173|item|disp=1563-1861}}
| {{FSC|401173|item|disp=1428-1908}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Watermen and Lightermens
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|177224|item|disp=1688-1908}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|177224|item|disp=1765-1904}}
|-
| Wax Chandlers
| {{FSC|345700|item|disp=1596-}}
| {{FSC|345700|item|disp=1694-1857}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Weavers
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |  {{FSC|585874|item|disp=?Beg. 1681}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" |  {{FSC|585874|item|disp=?Beg. 1681}}
|-
| White Bakers
| {{FSC|279684|item|disp=1565-1860}}
| {{FSC|279684|item|disp=1631-1935}}
|-
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | Woolmens
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|527739|item|disp=1665-1892}}
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | {{FSC|527739|item|disp=1666-1898}}
|}
 
=== Inns of Court  ===
 
Lawyers from all over England and Wales were trained at London's four inns of court.
 
{{Main|Lawyers in England and Wales}}
 
For a useful guide, see:
 
*Brooks, Brian G.C. and Mark D. Herber. ''My Ancestor was a Lawyer''. London: Society of Genealogists, c2006. {{FSC|1353436|item|disp=FS Library Book 942 D27bbg}}.<br>
 
[http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/sources/miscellaneous.shtml#school Notes on English Medieval Genealogy] maintains a useful list of online Inns of Court records.
 
==== Gray's Inn  ====
 
{{Wikipedia|Gray's_Inn|Gray's Inn}}
 
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z2avAzMEDDcC Admissions 1521-1889]<ref>Joseph Foster, ''The Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn, 1521-1889, Together with the Register of Marriages in Gray's Inn Chapel, 1695-1754'' (London: The Hansard Publishing Union, Limited, 1889). Digitized by [http://books.google.com/books?id=Z2avAzMEDDcC Google Books].</ref>
 
[[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] See also [[Staple Inn|Staple Inn]].
 
==== Inner Temple  ====
 
{{Wikipedia|Inner_Temple|Inner Temple}}


Apprenticeship records are one of the most valuable genealocial sources created by London livery companies. They often name the following information about an apprentice's father: name, residence, and occupation. Cliff Webb has abstracted the records of many companies:
*[http://www.innertemplearchives.org.uk/ Admissions Database 1547-1940]


*[http://britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-lonapps.aspx London Apprenticeship Abstracts 1442-1850], courtesy: British Origins (£); also available in book form (48 vols.): {{FHL|682418|item|disp=FHL Books 942.1/L1 U25w v. 1-48}}.
==== Lincoln's Inn  ====


:Records from the following companies are included in Webb's abstracts: apothecaries, armourers and brasiers, basketmakers, blacksmiths, bowyers, brewers, broderers, brown bakers, butchers, carmen, coachmakers and coach harness makers, combmakers, cooks, curriers, cutlers, distillers, dyers, fan makers, farriers, feltmakers, fishmongers, fletchers, founders, framework knitters, fruiterers, gardeners, glass-sellers, glaziers, glovers, gold and silver wyre drawers, grocers, gunmakers, horners, innholders, ironmongers, longbowstring makers, loriners, makers of playing cards, masons, musicians, needlemakers, painter-stainers, pattenmakers, paviors, pewterers, pinmakers, plaisterers, plumbers, poulters, saddlers, spectaclemakers, tallow chandlers, tinplate workers, tobacco pipe makers and tobacco blenders, turners, tylers and bricklayers, upholders, vintners, waxchandlers, and woolmen.<ref>[http://britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-lonapps.aspx About London Apprenticeship Abstracts 1442-1850], ''British Origins,'' accessed 31 December 2011.</ref>
{{Wikipedia|Lincoln's_Inn|Lincoln's Inn}}


The website [http://www.londonroll.org/home Records of London's Livery Companies Online: Apprentices and Freemen 1400-1900] offers free indexes to The Clothworkers' Company apprentices (1545-1908), The Drapers' Company apprentices (c.1400-1900), and a sample of The Goldsmith's Company apprentices (1600-1700). There are plans to add The Mercers' Company apprenticeship registers by 2013.<ref>Belinda Griffin, 'Records of London's Livery Companies Online,' ''Family Tree Magazine,'' 21 June 2012, http://family-tree.co.uk/2012/06/records-of-londons-livery-companies-online/, accessed 22 June 2012.</ref><br>  
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=UsgUAAAAYAAJ Admissions 1420-1799]<ref>''The Records of the Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn. Vol. I. Admissions from A.D. 1420 to A.D. 1799'' (Lincoln's Inn, 1896). Digitized by [http://books.google.com/books?id=UsgUAAAAYAAJ Google Books].</ref>


In 1696, oaths from livery company members were recorded. This source acts as a census of liverymen:
[[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] See also [[Thavie's Inn|Thavie's Inn]].  


*[http://britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-aor.aspx Association Oath Rolls for City of London Livery Companies, 1696], courtesy: British Origins (£)<br>
==== Middle Temple  ====


:77 companies are represented: Grocers, Mercers, Drapers, Fishmongers, Goldsmiths, Skinners, Merchant Taylors, Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmongers, Vintners, Clothworkers, Dyers, Brewers, Leathersellers, Pewterers, Barbers, Cutlers, Bakers, Wax Chandlers, Tallow Chandlers,Armourers and Brasiers, Girdlers, Butchers, Saddlers, Carpenters, Cordwainers, Painter-Stainers, Curriers, Masons, Plumbers, Innholders, Founders, Poulters, Cooks, Coopers, Tylers and Bricklayers, Bowyers, Fletchers, Blacksmiths, Joiners and Ceilers, Weavers, Woolmen, Scriveners, Fruiterers, Plaisterers, Stationers, Broderers, Upholders, Musicians, Turners, Basketmakers, Glaziers, Horners, Farriers, Paviours, Lorimers, Apothecaries, Shipwrights, Spectaclemakers, Clockmakers, Glovers, Combmakers, Feltmakers, Frameworkknitters, Silk Throwers, Carmen, Pinmakers, Needlemakers, Gardeners, Soapmakers, Tinplateworkers, Wheelwrights, Distillers, Hatbandmakers, Pattenmakers, Glass-Sellers, Tobacco Pipemakers, Coachmakers, Watermen, Officers and Yeomen of Guard, Trinity House, Ordnance Office, Officers of Tower, Officers and builders of St Paul's, Heralds, Lutestring Company, Clergy: Archdeaconry of London, Clergy: Archdeaconry of Middlesex, London Dissenters.<ref>Cliff Webb, [http://britishorigins.com/help/aboutbo-aor-background.aspx "Association Oath Rolls - Background to the Documents"], ''British Origins,'' accessed 3 January 2012.</ref>
{{Wikipedia|Middle_Temple|Middle Temple}}


Abstracts of apprenticeship entry books for the Carpenter's Company (1654-1694) have been published [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=354 online].  
*[http://www.middletemple.org.uk/library-and-archive/archive-information-and-contacts/register-of-admissions Admissions Database 1501-1944]<ref>H.A.C. Sturgess, ''Register of Admissions to the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple (from the Fifteenth Century to 1944).'' 3 vols. (Butterworth and Co., 1949).</ref>


== Web Sites  ==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RWMJAAAAIAAJ Records 1501-1603]<ref>Charles Henry Hopwood, ''Middle Temple Records'' (London: Butterworth and Co., 1904). Digitized by [http://books.google.com/books?id=RWMJAAAAIAAJ Google Books].</ref>


*[http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/3849DBCC-E0D4-4C1F-A26B-53055ABF67EB/0/14CITYFREEDOMARCHIVES.pdf City Freedom Archives] (London Metropolitan Archives (LMA) Information Leaflet)
== Websites  ==
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/livery-company-records-and-furthering-your-ancestry/359 Livery Company Records and Furthering Your Ancestry] (free online lesson)
*[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/livery-company-records-and-furthering-your-ancestry Livery Company records and furthering your ancestry] virtual lesson
*[http://www.history.ac.uk/gh/livlist.htm Livery Company Membership Guide, Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section]
*[https://search.lma.gov.uk/ London Metropolitan Archives] - Search for Research Guide 14 - City Freedom Archives
*[http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/2FE10387-4D34-41F7-B989-F8D229FE80DC/0/17THEMEMBERSHIPRECORDSOFTHEMERCHANTTAYLORSCOMPANY.pdf The Membership Records of the Merchant Taylors' Company] (LMA Information Leaflet)
*[https://search.lma.gov.uk/ London Metropolitan Archives] - Search for Research Guide 17 - The Membership Records of the Merchant Taylors Company
*[http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/28421870-BC4F-4642-861F-844CB8680456/0/18RECORDSOFTHECOMPANYOFWATERMENANDLIGHTERMEN.pdf Records of the Company of Watermen &amp; Lightermen] (LMA Information Leaflet)
*[https://search.lma.gov.uk/ London Metropolitan Archives] - Search for Research Guide 18 - Records of the Company of Watermen and Lightermen
*[http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/0B300021-F6C1-4502-BFD9-6358897FCB4E/0/16SEARCHINGFORMEMBERSORTHOSEAPPRENTICEDTOMEMBERSOFCITYOFLONDONLIVERYCOMPANIES.pdf Searching for Members or Those Apprenticed to Members of City of London Livery Companies] (LMA Information Leaflet)
*[https://search.lma.gov.uk/ London Metropolitan Archives] - Search for Research Guide 16 - Searching for Members or Those Apprenticed to Members of City of London Livery Companies
*[http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/846B5253-436E-4482-AA0C-B765BAB5B99F/0/37SOURCESFORTRACINGAPOTHECARIESSURGEONSPHYSICIANSANDOTHERMEDICALPRACTITIONERS.pdf Sources for Tracing Apothecaries, Surgeons, Physicians and Other Medical Practitioners] (LMA Information Leaflet)
*[https://search.lma.gov.uk/ London Metropolitan Archives] - Search for Research Guide 37 - Sources for Tracing Apothecaries, Surgeons, Physicians and Other Medical Practitioners


== References  ==
== References  ==
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{{London}}  
{{London}}  


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