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The following events affected [[Utah|Utah]]'s political boundaries, record-keeping practices, and settlement patterns. | The following events affected [[Utah|Utah]]'s political boundaries, record-keeping practices, and settlement patterns. | ||
'''1776''': Spanish explorers Dominquez and Escalante visited the Utah area. | *'''1776''': Spanish explorers Dominquez and Escalante visited the Utah area. | ||
'''1820–1840''': Fur trappers, including Jedediah Smith and Jim Bridger, worked in the area and held rendezvous in Utah. They also built some forts. | *'''1820–1840''': Fur trappers, including Jedediah Smith and Jim Bridger, worked in the area and held rendezvous in Utah. They also built some forts. | ||
'''1822–1848''': The area known as Utah was part of Mexico until the end of the Mexican War. At the end of the Mexican War, the region that included present-day Utah and parts of several surrounding states became part of the United States. | *'''1822–1848''': The area known as Utah was part of Mexico until the end of the Mexican War. At the end of the Mexican War, the region that included present-day Utah and parts of several surrounding states became part of the United States. | ||
'''1846''': The Donner-Reed party blazed a trail through the Utah mountains into the Salt Lake Valley. This was the same trail later used by Brigham Young | *'''1846''': The Donner-Reed party blazed a trail through the Utah mountains into the Salt Lake Valley. This was the same trail later used by Brigham Young | ||
'''24 July 1847:''' Brigham Young led the first wagon train of pioneers into the Salt Lake Valley. These were the first white settlers in Utah. | *'''24 July 1847:''' Brigham Young led the first wagon train of pioneers into the Salt Lake Valley. These were the first white settlers in Utah. '''1847–1869:''' About 69,000 Mormons crossed the plains into Utah by wagon or handcart before the coming of the railroad. | ||
'''1847–1869:''' About 69,000 Mormons crossed the plains into Utah by wagon or handcart before the coming of the railroad. | *'''1847–1857:''' Mormon settlers founded approximately 100 towns in present-day Utah, Nevada, Idaho, California, and Wyoming. | ||
'''1847–1857:''' Mormon settlers founded approximately 100 towns in present-day Utah, Nevada, Idaho, California, and Wyoming. | *'''1849:''' The Mormons organized the Provisional State of Deseret, with a constitution and a system of government. The State of Deseret included parts of present-day California, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. | ||
'''1849:''' The Mormons organized the Provisional State of Deseret, with a constitution and a system of government. The State of Deseret included parts of present-day California, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. | *'''1850:''' The US federal government rejected the Provisional State of Deseret and organized the Territory of Utah, which originally included parts of present day Nevada, Wyoming, and Colorado. | ||
'''1850:''' The US federal government rejected the Provisional State of Deseret and organized the Territory of Utah, which originally included parts of present day Nevada, Wyoming, and Colorado. | *'''1849-1853:''' Indian Wars - Stansbury, 1857 Provo Canyon,1853-4 Walker War, 1853 Gunnison massacre,1854-55 Steptoe Expedition. 1857-61 Utah Expedition, 1860 Utter and VanOrman Wagon Train. | ||
'''1849-1853:''' Indian Wars - Stansbury, 1857 Provo Canyon,1853-4 Walker War, 1853 Gunnison massacre,1854-55 Steptoe Expedition. 1857-61 Utah Expedition, 1860 Utter and VanOrman Wagon Train. | *'''11 September 1857:''' Mountain Meadow Massacre | ||
'''11 September 1857:''' Mountain Meadow Massacre | *'''1858''' Mormons met with the Navajos, Utes, and Piutes to form an alliance to oppose Johnson's army | ||
'''1858''' Mormons met with the Navajos, Utes, and Piutes to form an alliance to oppose Johnson's army | *'''1857-1858:''' President James Buchanan ordered United States States Troops to the Utah Territory to challenge an alleged Mormon rebellion. Brigham Young recalled settlers from outlying communities. The crisis was settled peacefully, and in June 1858, federal troops established Camp Floyd 40 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. | ||
'''1857-1858:''' President James Buchanan ordered United States States Troops to the Utah Territory to challenge an alleged Mormon rebellion. Brigham Young recalled settlers from outlying communities. The crisis was settled peacefully, and in June 1858, federal troops established Camp Floyd 40 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. | *'''1856-1860:''' Approximately 3,000 immigrants came to Utah with the handcart companies. Four farms established in Millard, Sanpete, Utah and Toolele counties to work with the Indians | ||
'''1856-1860:''' Approximately 3,000 immigrants came to Utah with the handcart companies. | *'''1858-1868:''' Another wave of Mormon settlement saw communities established in Utah and what is now southern Idaho, southeastern Nevada, and northern Arizona. | ||
*'''23 April 1860 - 24 October 1861:''' Pony Express | |||
'''1858-1868:''' Another wave of Mormon settlement saw communities established in Utah and what is now southern Idaho, southeastern Nevada, and northern Arizona. | *'''1861:''' The territory of Utah was reduced by the creation of the territories of Nevada and Colorado. | ||
'''23 April 1860 - 24 October 1861:''' Pony Express | *'''1862-1865:''' Fort Douglas was established in 1862 when 750 volunteer soldiers came from California during the Civil War. | ||
'''1861:''' The territory of Utah was reduced by the creation of the territories of Nevada and Colorado. | *'''1862:''' The first of a series of federal laws was passed to discourage the practice of polygamy. The first was the Morrill Act which defined plural marriage as bigamy and declared it a crime. | ||
'''1862-1865:''' Fort Douglas was established in 1862 when 750 volunteer soldiers came from California during the Civil War. | *'''1863:''' Mining began in earnest. Recurrent mineral discoveries brought prospectors to Utah throughout the latter part of the 1800's and into the 20th century. Mining attracted minority communities to Utah. | ||
'''1862:''' The first of a series of federal laws was passed to discourage the practice of polygamy. The first was the Morrill Act which defined plural marriage as bigamy and declared it a crime. | *'''29 January 1863:''' {{wpd|Bear River Massacre}} Soldiers went across the border into Idaho. | ||
'''1863:''' Mining began in earnest. Recurrent mineral discoveries brought prospectors to Utah throughout the latter part of the 1800's and into the 20th century. Mining attracted minority communities to Utah. | *'''1863:'''Chiefs Bear Hunter, Sanpitch and Sagwitch arrest by McGary's Troops. | ||
'''29 January 1863:''' {{wpd|Bear River Massacre}} Soldiers went across the border into Idaho. | *'''1866: '''Circleville - sixteen Indians killed | ||
'''1863:'''Chiefs Bear Hunter, Sanpitch and Sagwitch arrest by McGary's Troops. | *'''1865:''' The forced removeal of Utes from Utah Valley to the Uinta Basin. | ||
'''1866: '''Circleville - sixteen Indians killed | *'''1865-1867:''' Approximately 100 settlers and an unknown number of American Indians were killed during the Black Hawk Indian War. Attacks primarily occurred in the Sanpete and Sevier valleys, causing the temporary abandonment of a number of settlements. | ||
'''1865:''' The forced removeal of Utes from Utah Valley to the Uinta Basin. | *'''1868:''' The territory of Utah was reduced by the creation of the territory of Wyoming. | ||
'''1865-1867:''' Approximately 100 settlers and an unknown number of American Indians were killed during the Black Hawk Indian War. Attacks primarily occurred in the Sanpete and Sevier valleys, causing the temporary abandonment of a number of settlements. | *'''10 May 1869''' The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Point near Brigham City, bringing an influx of settlers to Utah, including Chinese. | ||
'''1868:''' The territory of Utah was reduced by the creation of the territory of Wyoming. | *'''1870s:''' Mormon settlers established additional communities in the adjacent states of Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Colorado, and Arizona. The coal mining industry that began in the 1870's and steadily increased until the 1920s attracted thousands of new immigrants to eastern Utah. | ||
'''10 May 1869''' The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Point near Brigham City, bringing an influx of settlers to Utah, including Chinese. | *'''1874:''' A second anti-polygamy bill, the Poland Act, was passed, limiting the jurisdiction of probate courts, thus forcing members of the Church to be tried in federal courts including those being tried for polygamy and those seeking divorce. | ||
'''1870s:''' Mormon settlers established additional communities in the adjacent states of Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Colorado, and Arizona. The coal mining industry that began in the 1870's and steadily increased until the 1920s attracted thousands of new immigrants to eastern Utah. | *'''1879:''' White River Ute | ||
'''1874:''' A second anti-polygamy bill, the Poland Act, was passed, limiting the jurisdiction of probate courts, thus forcing members of the Church to be tried in federal courts including those being tried for polygamy and those seeking divorce. | *'''1862-1887:''' The most far-reaching act, the Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887, was passed to stop the practice of polygamy. This act had a tremendous impact on the people of Utah and their record-keeping practices. This act: | ||
'''1879:''' White River Ute | |||
'''1862-1887:''' The most far-reaching act, the Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887, was passed to stop the practice of polygamy. This act had a tremendous impact on the people of Utah and their record-keeping practices. This act: | |||
:*Abolished woman's suffrage. | :*Abolished woman's suffrage. | ||
:*Authorized the administering of an oath of obedience to anti-polygamy laws for all prospective voters, jury members, and office holders. | :*Authorized the administering of an oath of obedience to anti-polygamy laws for all prospective voters, jury members, and office holders. | ||
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:*Required that all marriages be publicly recorded. | :*Required that all marriages be publicly recorded. | ||
:*Disincorporated The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. | :*Disincorporated The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. | ||
'''1880s-1890s:''' Mormons primarily from Utah, Idaho, and Arizona established communities in Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, and Alberta, Canada. | *'''1880s-1890s:''' Mormons primarily from Utah, Idaho, and Arizona established communities in Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, and Alberta, Canada. | ||
'''September 1890:''' Wilford Woodruff, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, gave a proclamation that became known as the Manifesto. This advised Latter-day Saints "to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land". | *'''September 1890:''' Wilford Woodruff, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, gave a proclamation that became known as the Manifesto. This advised Latter-day Saints "to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land". | ||
'''4 January 1896:''' Utah was admitted as the 45th state. At this time the probate courts were abolished and the responsibilities of the federal district courts were transferred to state district courts | *'''4 January 1896:''' Utah was admitted as the 45th state. At this time the probate courts were abolished and the responsibilities of the federal district courts were transferred to state district courts | ||
'''1941–1945''': 70,000 Utahns enlisted to serve in World War II. Over 3,600 died and 2,800 were wounded. | *'''1941–1945''': 70,000 Utahns enlisted to serve in World War II. Over 3,600 died and 2,800 were wounded. | ||
'''1942''': As part of World War II, Topaz concentration camp for relocated Japanese Americans started first large Japanese community in Utah. | *'''1942''': As part of World War II, Topaz concentration camp for relocated Japanese Americans started first large Japanese community in Utah. | ||
'''1953:''' Termination of the Paiute Tribe. | *'''1953:''' Termination of the Paiute Tribe. | ||
'''3 April 1980:''' Paiute Tribe Restoration | *'''3 April 1980:''' Paiute Tribe Restoration | ||
'''2006''' 35 Indian tribes with population of 33,000 | *'''2006''' 35 Indian tribes with population of 33,000 | ||
=== State Histories === | === State Histories === | ||
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*''Utah: A Centennial History''. Three Volumes. New York, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1949. {{FHL|176699|item|disp=FHL book 979.2 H2s}} This includes a brief history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Milton R. Hunter and a good section on Utah history. Volume three contains personal and family records. | *''Utah: A Centennial History''. Three Volumes. New York, New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1949. {{FHL|176699|item|disp=FHL book 979.2 H2s}} This includes a brief history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Milton R. Hunter and a good section on Utah history. Volume three contains personal and family records. | ||
*Creer, Leland Hargrave. ''Founding of an Empire: the Exploration and Colonization of Utah 1776-1856''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft, 1947. {{WorldCat|3661077|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; ({{FHL|165682|item|disp=FHL book 979.2 H2cf}} The records on compact disc mentioned in [[LDS Church Records]] include several histories of Utah. Check these indexes for more information. | *Creer, Leland Hargrave. ''Founding of an Empire: the Exploration and Colonization of Utah 1776-1856''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft, 1947. {{WorldCat|3661077|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; ({{FHL|165682|item|disp=FHL book 979.2 H2cf}} The records on compact disc mentioned in [[LDS Church Records]] include several histories of Utah. Check these indexes for more information. | ||
*''The Pony Express''<br>Pony Express riders carried the U.S. Mail on horseback. There were approximately 80 of them. There were support personnel as well that numbered over 400. The Pony Express Route Covered Parts of: California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Utah and Wyoming. <br>[http://www.xphomestation.com/frm-riders.html Pony Express Riders Biographies]: <br>By name, include some photos. | *''The Pony Express''<br>Pony Express riders carried the U.S. Mail on horseback. There were approximately 80 of them. There were support personnel as well that numbered over 400. The Pony Express Route Covered Parts of: California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Utah and Wyoming. <br>[http://www.xphomestation.com/frm-riders.html Pony Express Riders Biographies]: <br>By name, include some photos. | ||