Beyond Parish Registers:A Case Study
Following is a case study which used a combination of information found in Swedish births, marriages and deaths, communion records, catechism records and tax lists to extend a pedigree line 3 generations beyond the parish registers.
- Asmund Jönsson was born 11 Sep 1718 in Barsebäck parish, Malmohus County, Sweden to Jöns Jönsson and his wife Elena Asmundsdotter. Asmund fathered 11 children and died in Barsebäck on 4 Feb 1768, age 50.
- A 10 year search thorugh the birth records either side of 1718 produced no siblings for Asmund.
- His parents, Jöns Jönsson and Elena Asmundsdotter were not married in Barsebäck, though the records existed for the probable time period that would have taken place. That could mean Elena was from another parish since it was the custom to marry in the bride's home parish. It could also mean that they both originated from another place.
⇒First research step - find the deaths of the parents to obtain ages and possible other information
Since no clues existed as to whether Asmund was the last of 12 children, or the only child, searches through the death records looking for his parents had to begin with his birth date.
Elena Asmundsdotter's death was found 30 years after her son Asmund was born, on 23 Apr 1745. The age at death was given as 64. That means Elena was born @1681. The death entry also stated.... "barnfödd i Henckelstorp." That place did not show up in the parish listings of Sweden, meaning it was a smaller place.
A search of Svensk Ortforteckning, a major Swedish gazetteer, listed Hänckelstorp as a farm area belonging to Västra Karaby parish, also in Malmohus county.
A quick search of the Family History LIbrary Catalog showed the parish registers for Västra Karaby did not begin until 1688. Maybe we weren't going to be able to go back further after all.
Searches in the death records continued, looking for Jöns Jönsson, Asmund's father. He died 20 Mar 1768, at age 83 = born @ 1685. Unfortunately, a new minister had moved into Barsebäck parish by that time, and birth places were no longer being listed in the death records. The presumption had to be made that he had at least lived for a short while in Västra Karaby parish to meet his wife Elena, even if he wasn't born there.
⇒Second research step - look for the marriage of Jöns Jönsson & Elena Asmundsdotter in her birth parish, Västra Karaby
Searches began in those records in 1705, when Jöns Jönsson would have been about age 20. Males normally wouldn't have married much before that, though some exceptions have been found.
In 1712 the entry finally showed up i.e. "the 4th Christmas Day (29 Dec 1712) married the farm hand (and bachelor) Jöns Jönsson of Henckelstorp, and "the female person" Elena Asmundsdotter."
Normally, when a "never before married" Swedish female marries, she is referred to as a "Piga" in the records. The phrase the minister used to describe Elena, "female person", indicated something had happened in her life previous to her marriage to Jöns. Experience said that "something" was probably an illegitimate child. Subsequent research proved that to be the case.
Searching backwards from the date of Jöns and Elena's marriage, the following was found. "On 11 Jun 1712, the illegitimate daughter of "Asmon Tors" dotter Elena from Henchelstorp and the soldier Mattis Hall, reportedly in Captain Vrangel's Company, Vestmanlan Regiments, was christened." A further note in this entry indicates Elena was publicly absolved of her sin on 23 Nov 1712, at which time she had the district court's resolution or judgement in her posession.
Jöns must have loved Elena a great deal as he was willing to marry her with 6 months of her having borne a child he had not fathered, and to raise the child as his own.
⇒Third research step - search the parish registers of this new parish for additional siblings
Asmund Jönsson was born in Barsebäck parish in 1718 - his now oldest 1/2 sibling was born in Västra Karaby in 1712. Unless something was physically wrong, other children should have been born to his parents in that 6 year period. Searches in the birth/christening records of Västra Karaby parish produced two siblings - a sister Tyre born in 1715, and an older brother Jöns born in 1717. An additional 5 years search in the parish showed this named couple had no more children there - adding weight to the conclusion they were the couple found in Barsebäck.
⇒Fourth research step - search records which could "prove" Asmun Torsson lived at Henckelstorp when his daughter Elena was born @1681
Swedish tax lists were one of the records which could help with this. The "Mantalslängder" (tax lists) exist from @1658 for the whole country, and before that for some areas of Sweden. Read the explanation of their content under "Sweden - Taxation." If the "Asmun Tors." listed as Elena's father in the christening records of Elena's illegitimate chld in 1712 was also there at Henckelstorp in the 1681 tax lists when she was born, that would lend great credence to their listed relationship.
The initial search through the tax rolls covered 1680-1720. There were gaps for 1682, 1683, and 1685-1691. Tit should be noted as a point of research procedure - once you begin searching tax lists, search a VERY wide time frame, and do not skip years! A remark made one year, or a name found in one year's list may NEVER show up again.
The results of the searches for Asmun Torsson are as follows:
1680 Henckelstorp, Jöns Torß. 1_ _ _ _ _ _, Asmund Tors. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _
1681 Henckelstorp Jöns Torson 1 1 _ 1, Asmund Torson 1 1
1684 Henckelstorp Asmund Torson 1 1 ----------- , Jöns Torson _ 1 _ _ 1 _ _
1691 Henckelstorp Asmun Torson 1 1 _ _ 1 = 3 taxables, Jöns Torson 1 1 _ _ 1 = 3 taxables
1694 Henckelstorp Jöns Torson 1 1 _ _ 1 = 3 taxables , Asmun Torson 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1= 3 taxables
1697 Hänckelstorp #2 Nils Torson 1 1 _ _ 1 _ _ 1 = 4 taxables, #6 Asmun Torson 1 1 _ _ _ _ _= 2 taxables
1698 Hänckelstorp #2 Jöns Torson 1 1 1 2 _ _ _ _1 Anders Olsson (the parish tailor) = 6 taxables
#6 Asmun Torson 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ = 2 taxables (the figures for Jöns Torson show that in 1698 he had 1 son and 2 daughters who were eligible to be taxed.)
1699 Hänckelstorp #2 Jöns Torson 1 1 1 1 (one daughter is not there, or is ineligible to be taxed this year), _ _ _ _ _ Anders Olsson (the parish tailor) = 6 taxables
#6 Asmun Torson 1 1 _ _ _ _ _= 2 taxables
1700 Hänkelstorp #2 Jöns Torson 1, (wife) Gertru _ 1, (son) Anders _ _ 1, (dau) Anna _ _ _ 1, Anders Olsson (the parish tailor) _ _ _ _ 1 = 5 taxables
#6 Asmun Torson 1, (wife) Pernilla _ 1, (dau) Boel _ _ _ 1 = 3 taxables
DO YOU SEE HOW THE TAX LISTS COULD BE HELPFUL IN YOUR RESEARCH ! !