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Military records identify individuals who served in the military or who were eligible for service. Today, all young men at 18 years of age are required to serve in the military with a few exceptions. The requirement can be fulfilled by duty with either the army (18 months), the navy (24 months), the air force (18 months), or the National Police (12 months). However, only a small proportion of those eligible actually serve--usually those from the lower classes. | Military records identify individuals who served in the military or who were eligible for service. Today, all young men at 18 years of age are required to serve in the military with a few exceptions. The requirement can be fulfilled by duty with either the army (18 months), the navy (24 months), the air force (18 months), or the National Police (12 months). However, only a small proportion of those eligible actually serve--usually those from the lower classes. | ||
Evidence that an ancestor actually served may be found in family records, biographies, censuses, probate records, civil registration, and church records. | Evidence that an ancestor actually served may be found in family records, biographies, censuses, probate records, civil registration, and church records. | ||
== Military Records of Genealogical Value<br> == | |||
The following records include information on most soldiers and can be useful in researching your family: | |||
*Hojas de servicios (Service records). Lists of officers’ name, birth date, birthplace, family information, and military ranks and assignments. | |||
*Expedientes personales (Personal petition files). Personal requests by servicemen such as their petitioning for military advancements after citing their military record. The files may include a number of documents of genealogical interest, such as family baptismal and marriage certificates. | |||
*Listas de quintas o conscripciones (Conscription lists). Lists of new recruits and in some cases a census of all males eligible for military service. The town or municipal archives (archivo de ayuntamiento) sometimes house these records. | |||
*Filiaciones (Enlistments). Lists of common soldiers in the military, excluding officers. Enlistments include the soldiers’ name, birth date and birthplace, parents’ names, residence, religion, marital status, and physical description. They may also list the soldier’s military history. Enlistments are less likely than service sheets to be indexed. | |||
*Padrones and listas de revistas (Census records). Censuses of military men and their families were often taken in various areas. The census records may include all the citizens who were served and protected by the military outpost. | |||
For more information on the military records of Mexico, including where the records are found, see: | |||
Ryskamp, George R. Tracing Your Hispanic Heritage. Riverside, California: Hispanic Family History Research, 1984, pp. 591-632. (FHL book 946 D27r.) | |||
== The Colonial Military == | == The Colonial Military == | ||
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The Constitution of 1886 included the first laws governing the military and formally defining the military's constitutional responsibilities and also called for a first program of universal military conscription, but this provision was not uniformly enforced until the early twentieth century. <br> | The Constitution of 1886 included the first laws governing the military and formally defining the military's constitutional responsibilities and also called for a first program of universal military conscription, but this provision was not uniformly enforced until the early twentieth century. <br> | ||
The conflict known as the War of a Thousand Days began in 1899; this nearly three-year-long war, in which over 100,000 Colombians died, remains one of the most violent civil conflicts in the nation's history. | The conflict known as the War of a Thousand Days began in 1899; this nearly three-year-long war, in which over 100,000 Colombians died, remains one of the most violent civil conflicts in the nation's history. | ||
The military records from the War of a Thousand Days are in the process of being digitalized and should be available through FamilySearch in a couple of years.<br> | |||
Other military records from this time are also available through FamilySearch. | |||
=== List of 19th Century Military Conflicts === | |||
*Gran Colombia-Peru War (1828–1829) | |||
*War of the Supremes (1839–1841) | |||
*Colombian Civil War (1860–1862) between the government and Liberal rebels | |||
*Ecuadorian-Colombian War (1863) when Colombia was known as New Granada. | |||
*Colombian Civil War of 1876] | |||
*Colombian Civil War of 1885 | |||
*Colombian Civil War of 1895 | |||
*Thousand Days War (civil war, 1899–1902) | |||
== 20th Century Colombian Military == | |||
The national exhaustion from the violence of the War of a Thousand Days helped form the basis for the establishment of a modern, professional military. The administration of Rafael Reyes, who came to office in 1904, began the reorganization and professionalization of the armed forces among its early initiatives to revitalize the country. By the 1920's however, government interest in the armed forces began to wane, only to be brought back into focus during the Colombia-Peru Conflict of 1932-1933. It was at this time that the United States of America began to establish strong ties with the Colombian military. Throughout the rest of the 20th Century, due to WWII and then La Violencia and the Colombian Armed Conflict, Colombia has continued to strengthen and build its military. Currently, the Colombian military is one of the largest and most well-equipped in Latin America.<br> | |||
Records from this time period are difficult to access and requests for information are often viewed suspiciously. Collections do exist at the | |||
== 20th Century | === List of 20th Century Military Conflicts === | ||
*Colombia-Peru War (1932–1933) | |||
*World War II (1939–1945) | |||
*La Violencia (civil war, 1948–1958) | |||
*Colombia Battalion in the Korean War (1950–1953) | |||
*Colombian Armed Conflict (1964-current) | |||