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In 1795, the old Kingdom of Poland was conquered and divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The state of Poland ceased to exist. | In 1795, the old Kingdom of Poland was conquered and divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The state of Poland ceased to exist. | ||
[[Image:Poland | [[Image:Poland Civil Reg..jpg|Poland Civil Reg]] | ||
In 1807 Napoleon created a new Polish state, the Duchy of Warsaw, as a protectorate of the French Empire. It was fashioned out of territories previously seized by Prussia. In 1809 Napoleon’s forces won additional Polish territory from Austria, and the enlarged Polish state was called the Duchy of Warsaw. | In 1807 Napoleon created a new Polish state, the Duchy of Warsaw, as a protectorate of the French Empire. It was fashioned out of territories previously seized by Prussia. In 1809 Napoleon’s forces won additional Polish territory from Austria, and the enlarged Polish state was called the Duchy of Warsaw. | ||
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=== Format of a Napoleonic Birth Record === | === Format of a Napoleonic Birth Record === | ||
A. | A. Place and date of registration of birth. (Place is given with grammatical ending and the date and time of day are written out in Polish.) USE WORD LIST TO READ DATE. Following are translations of the Polish entries:<br><br>''Dzialo się w wsi Oporowie dnia trzeciego''<br>It came to pass in village (of) Oporów (on) day third (of)<br><br>''lutego tyziąc ośmset pięćdziesiątego drugiego roku''<br>February thousand eight-hundred fiftieth – second year (1852),<br><br>''o godzinie dziewiątego z rana''. . . .<br>at hour ninth in the morning. . . .<br><br> | ||
►(Prior to the mid-1810s records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often the name of the registrar.)<br | ►(Prior to the mid-1810s records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often the name of the registrar.)<br><br> ''Roku tysiąc osemsetnego czternastego dnia trzeciego<br>''(of) Year thousand eight-hundred fourteen (1814) (on) day third (of)<br><br>''lutego o godzinie dziewiątego z rana przed Nami Augustynem<br>''February at hour ninth in the morning before us Augustyn<br><br>''Walęckiem proboszcz parafii Oporowskiej sprawuającym obowiązki<br>''Walęcki priest (of) parish (of) Oporów discharging duties (of)<br><br>''urzędnika stanu cywilnego gminy Oporowskiej powiatu<br>''civil registrar (of) township (of) Oporów district (of)<br><br>''Orlowskiej w Departmencie Warszawskim''.<br>Orlów in Department (of) Warsaw | ||
B. | B. The father of the child presents himself (or the midwife if the child is illegitimate) to report the birth.<br><br>''Stawil s''i''ę Marcin Gorecki okupnik rolnik, lat cztyrdziesciści<br>''Presented himself Marcin Gorecki tenant farmer, years forty<br><br>''mający / liczący w Czyzeminie zamieszkaly.''<br>having / counting in Czyzemiń residing. | ||
C. | C. Two witnesses are named with genitive grammatical inflection. Their occupations, ages, and residences are given. (This is sometimes omitted in earlier records.)<br><br>''w obecności Macieja Nowaka lat trzydzieści pięć mający i<br>''in presence (of) Maciej Nowak years thirty- five having and (of)<br><br>''Jana Grabowskiego lat pięćdziesiąt liczący, obydwóch rolników w<br>''Jan Grabowski years fifty counting, both farmers in<br><br>''Czyzeminie zamieszkałych''.<br>Czyzemiń residing. | ||
D. | D. The child is presented and the sex is indicated.<br><br>''i okazał Nam dziecię, płci męskiej /''źeńskiej. . . .<br>and showed us child, (of) sex male / female. . . . | ||
E. | E. Place of birth is given with date and time of day. USE WORD LIST TO READ DATE.<br><br>''urodzone w Czyzemienie w domu pod numerem trzynastym'', . . . .<br>born in Czyzemiń in house (under) number thirteen, . . . .<br><br>''na dniu dzisiejszym / wczorajszym / onegdajszym /''<br>on day today / yesterday / day before yesterday /<br><br>''trzydziestym grudnia / miesiąca bie''ź''ącego. . . .<br>''thirtieth (of) December / month current. . . .<br><br> ''roku bieźącego/ przeszłego o godzinie szóstej wieczorem''.<br>(of) year current / preceding at hour sixth in the evening. | ||
F. | F. The mother of the child is given in genitive grammatical inflection with her age. The record will state if she is the wife of the one presenting himself. If not, the record will state whether she is unmarried. When the mother is married but the father is merely not present, then his name is usually given between the birth date and the name of the mother.<br><br>''(Urodzone) z jego małźonki Maryanny z Grabowskich / Nowaków''<br>(Born) of his wife Maryanna Grabowska / Nowak<br><br>''lat trzydzieści trzy mającej.<br>''years thirty- three having.<br><br>►(Earlier records, prior to the mid-1820s will usually read differently.)<br><br>''cświadczając, iź jest spłodzone z niego i Maryanny<br>''testifying that (it) is begotten of him and (of) Maryanna<br><br>z / z domu Mazurk''ów lat trzydzieści trzy mającej jego małźonki.<br>''(maiden name) Mazurek years thirty- three having, his wife. | ||
G. | G. Some records will indicate that on this day the christening was performed.<br><br> ''Dziecieciu temu na Chrzcie ''''Świętym w dniu dzisiejszym odbytym''''''''.<br>(for) child this Christening Holy on day today performed.''' | ||
H. | H. The child is given a name.<br><br>''nadane jest Imię Jan Marcin / zyczeniem jego jest nadać mu Imię Ewa<br>''given is name Jan Marcin / desire his is give it name Ewa | ||
I. | I. The Godparents are named.<br><br>''jego Rodzicami Chrzestnymi byli Alojzy Kowalski i Elźbieta Adamska.''<br>his Godparents were Alojzy Kowalski and Elźbieta Adamska. | ||
J. | J. The entry was read and signed by the witnesses or by the priest/rabbi if the witnesses could not write.<br><br>''Akt ten stawającemu i świadkom przeczytany został,<br>''Entry this (to the one) present and witnesses read was,<br><br>''Ojciec i świadkowie pisać nie umieją.<br>''Father and witnesses (to) write not know how. | ||
=== Format of Napoleonic Marriage Record === | === Format of Napoleonic Marriage Record === | ||
A. | A. Place and date of registration of marriage. (Place is given with grammatical ending and the date and time of day are written out in Polish.) USE WORD LIST TO READ DATE.<br><br>''Dzialo się w mieście Olbierzowicach dnia dwódzięstego''<br>It came to pass in place Olbierzowice (on) day twentieth-<br><br>''siódmego listopadu roku tysiąc osiemset sześcdziesiątego''<br>seventh (of) November year thousand eight-hundred sixtieth- | ||
''czwartego, | ''czwartego, o godzinie dziewiątej rano. . . .<br>''fourth (1864) at hour ninth (in) morning. . . . | ||
►(Prior to the mid-1820s, records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often name of the registrar. See birth format for an example.) | ►(Prior to the mid-1820s, records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often name of the registrar. See birth format for an example.) | ||
B. | B. In most records after the mid-1820s two witnesses are named, usually with genitive grammatical inflection. Their occupations, ages, and residences are given. (Caution: In some cases the groom and bride present themselves at this point in the entry. In such cases the witnesses will be noted in the Summation.)<br><br>''Wiadomo czyniemy źe w przytomności świadków Tomasza<br>''Knowingly (we) affirm that in presence (of) witnesses Tomasz<br><br>''Kolczaka mularz lat trzydzieści i Piotra Studzińskiego''<br>Kolczak bricklayer years thirty and Piotr Studzińki<br><br>''szewca lat trzydzieści sześć mających, obydwóch w Olbierzowicach<br>''shoemaker years thirty- six having, both in Olbierzowice<br><br>''zamięskałych.'' . . .<br>residing. . . .<br><br> | ||
►Sometimes:<br | ►Sometimes:<br><br>''Stawiłi się. . .''(Names of witnesses as above, without grammatical endings.)<br>They appeared. . . | ||
C. | C. In most records prior to the mid-1820s and sometimes later, the groom and bride will present themselves. Information will be given as in D below, usually without the instrumental grammatical inflection. If the couple appear together with a witness or official, then the instrument inflection may be required because of the preposition ''z.<br>''<br> ''Stawiłi się Ludwik Jan Kowalski, lat. . . . etc., a<br>''(They) presented themselves Ludwik Jan Kowalski, age. . . .etc., and<br><br>''Panna Tekla Tokarska, lat. . . . etc.''<br>Maiden Tekla Tokarska, age. . . . etc.<br><br> | ||
►Sometimes:<br | ►Sometimes:<br><br> ''Stawil się Rabin Hersz Sztajn wraz z Starozakonami<br>''(He) presented himself Rabbi Hersz Sztajn together with Jews<br><br>''Szmulem Litmanem, lat. . . . , a Panna Ruchlą Dawidowiczowną, lat. . . .<br>''Szmul Litman, age. . . . , and maiden Ruchla Dawidowiczowna, age. . . . | ||
D. | D. Statement of marriage. If marriage took place on a day different than the day of registration, it will be stated here.<br><br>''Na dniu dzisiejszym / wczorajszym zawarte zostało Religijne''<br>On day today / yesterday accomplished was Religious<br><br>''Małźenstwo między. . . .<br>''Marriage between. . . . | ||
E. | E. Names of bridegroom and bride are given. Because the preposition ''między''requires instrumental grammatical inflection, their names and all words describing them will have grammatical endings. For the groom, everything will end with –''m''. For the bride, everything will end with –''ą.''Information given will vary. Age, previous marital status and residence are almost always given. Very often the entry will also give place of birth. (In early records prior to the mid-1820s this is often accompanied by a statement that the age and birthplace are confirmed by an extract from the parish register of the birthplace.) Most records give the names and residence of parents of the bride and groom. Other information that may be given would be exact birth date, names of previous marriage partners, etc. The order in which information is given can vary, but the groom is always first with information pertaining to him, followed by the bride and all information pertaining to her.<br><br>''między Ludwikiem Janem Orlikiem / Kowalskim młodzianem / kawalerem /<br>''between Ludwik Jan Orlik / Kowalski bachelor / bachelor /<br><br>''wdowcem kowalem / profeszyi kowalskiej w Kaczkowiznie zamieszkałym. . . <br>''widower smith / profession smith in Kaczkowizna residing. . .<br><br>''urodzonym w Gostynie z / synem niegdyś / zmarłego Tomasza i<br>''born in Gostyn of / son (of) the late / deceased Tomasz and (of)<br><br>''Justyny z Pinkowskich małźonków Orlików podług<br>''Justyna Pinkowska a married couple (named) the Orliks according to<br><br>''złoźonej przed Nami metryko wyjęty z Ksiąg kościoła<br>''submitted before us certificate extracted from book (of) church at<br><br>''Gostyńskiego lat. . . . etc. a Panna Tekla Tokarska / wdowa po Józefie<br>''Gostyn age . . . etc. and maiden Tekla Tokarska / widow of Józef<br><br>''Gadzińskim zmarłym dnia. . / przy matce zostającą, Córka. . .''<br>Gadziński deceased (on) day. . ./ with mother staying, Daughter (of). . .<br><br> | ||
►(Information is given for the bride similar to that given for the groom.) | ►(Information is given for the bride similar to that given for the groom.) | ||
F. | F. As marriages must be preceded by three banns (announcements in the church) the dates of the banns are given, written out in Polish. Some records also state who gave permission for the marriage.<br><br>''Małźenstwo to poprzedzily trzy zapowiedzie w dniach<br>''Marriage this preceded (by) three announcements on days<br><br>''dziesiątym, siedmnastym, i dwódziestym czwartym listopadu roku<br>''tenth, seventeenth, and twenty- fourth (of) November year<br><br>bie''źącego w parafia. Zezwolenie małźenstwa Ojca<br>''current in parish. Permission (for) marriage (by) father (of)<br><br>nowoza''ślubionego i rodziców nowozaślubionej.<br>''groom (newlywed) and parents (of) bride (newlywed). | ||
G. | G. Summation: This includes a statement that there were no objections to the marriage. Sometimes it includes a renaming of the witnesses with an occasional mention of relationship to the bride or groom. Finally, it concludes with a statement, as in birth and death records, that the entry was read to witnesses and that they signed or did not sign, depending on their ability to write. | ||
=== Format of Napoleonic Death Records === | === Format of Napoleonic Death Records === | ||
A. | A. Place and date of registration of death. (Place is given with grammatical ending and the date and time of day are written out in Polish.) USE WORD LIST TO READ DATE.<br><br>''Działo się w parafii ''''Źychlińskiej w roku tysiąc osemset''''''''<br>It came to pass in parish Źychlin in year thousand eight-hundred<br><br>''czterdziestiego dnia trzeciego marca o godzinie. . . . etc.''<br>forty (1840) (on) day third (of) March at hour. . . . etc.<br><br>''' | ||
►(Prior to the mid-1820s records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often name of the registrar. See birth format for an example.) | ►(Prior to the mid-1820s records will start with ''Roku''. This earlier format gives year first, date, time of day, and then the title and often name of the registrar. See birth format for an example.) | ||
B. | B. Two witnesses present themselves to report the death. Their occupations, ages, and residences are given.<br><br> ''Stawiłi się Marcin Cieślak, parobek lat. . . . i''<br>(They) presented themselves Marcin Cieślak, farmhand age. . . . and<br><br>''Mateusz Czerwiński, formal lat. . . .<br>''Mateusz Czerwiński, farm-wagon driver age. . . . | ||
C. | C. The witnesses testify concerning the death, including the place (given with grammatical ending) and the date and time of day when the death occurred. USE WORD LIST TO READ DATE.<br><br>''i oświadczyłi iz dnia pierwszego marca / wczorajszego<br>''and (they) testified that (on) day first (of) March / yesterday<br><br> ''roku bieźącego, o godzinie ósmej w wieczor, w wśi Dębicach. . . .<br>''(of) year current, at hour eight in evening, in village Dębice. . . . | ||
D. | D. Name of deceased is given with varying amounts of information. Age and occupation are almost always given. Other information often given would be parents, birthplace, survivors, etc.<br><br> ''Umarł / Umarła Józef Cieślak lat . . . . licząc[y/a], syn /<br>''(He) died / (she) died Józef Cieślak years . . . . counting, son /<br><br>c''órka niegdyś / wspomianego Marcina i Wiktoriyi z<br>''daughter (of) deceased / forementioned Marcin and Wiktorya<br><br>''Czerwińskich małonków Cieślaków; urodzony w<br>''Czerwińska a married couple (named) the Cieślaks; born in<br><br>''Prusach / w tej wśi roku . . . . gdziei i z kogo urodzony''<br>Prussia / in this village (in) year. . . . when and of whom born<br><br>''niewiadomo. Zostawił / zostawiwszy po sobie owdowiałą źonę<br>''unknown. (He) has left / leaving after himself widowed wife<br><br>Agat''ę / owdowiałego meźa Mikołajo / etc.<br>''Agata / widowed husband Mikołaj / etc. | ||
=== Information Recorded in Civil Registers === | === Information Recorded in Civil Registers === | ||
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'''Example of Polish Birth Record''' | '''Example of Polish Birth Record''' | ||
[[Image:Polish | [[Image:Polish Birth Transcript.jpg|Poland Birth Transcript]] | ||
=== [[Image:Polish | === [[Image:Polish Birth Record.jpg|Poland Birth Record]] === | ||
=== Marriage Records (Heiraten, akta małżóeństw) === | === Marriage Records (Heiraten, akta małżóeństw) === | ||
Marriages were often recorded in the parish where the bride lived. After 1874 Prussian law required a civil marriage ceremony in addition to a church ceremony. There may be records for both. Civil marriage records may include more information | Marriages were often recorded in the parish where the bride lived. After 1874 Prussian law required a civil marriage ceremony in addition to a church ceremony. There may be records for both. Civil marriage records may include more information than the church records. When church and civil records are available, search both. | ||
Marriage registers give the date of the marriage, the names of the bride and groom, and the names of witnesses. They often include the bride’s and groom’s ages, birthplaces, residences, occupations, and parents’ names. In cases of second and later marriages, the records may include names of previous partners and their death dates. Often a note is made whether a parent or other party gave permission for the marriage. | Marriage registers give the date of the marriage, the names of the bride and groom, and the names of witnesses. They often include the bride’s and groom’s ages, birthplaces, residences, occupations, and parents’ names. In cases of second and later marriages, the records may include names of previous partners and their death dates. Often a note is made whether a parent or other party gave permission for the marriage. | ||
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Supporting documents were often filed by the bride or groom in support of their request to be married. Records proving their birth may have been required at the time, although these papers were probably not kept in the marriage register. Information obtained from supporting documents was often written into the actual marriage record. These documents are usually not microfilmed but might be obtained from a civil registration office. | Supporting documents were often filed by the bride or groom in support of their request to be married. Records proving their birth may have been required at the time, although these papers were probably not kept in the marriage register. Information obtained from supporting documents was often written into the actual marriage record. These documents are usually not microfilmed but might be obtained from a civil registration office. | ||
'''Example of | '''Example of Polish Marriage Record''' | ||
'''[[Image:Polish | '''[[Image:Polish Marriage Transcript.jpg|Poland Marriage Transcript]]''' | ||
'''[[Image:Polish | '''[[Image:Polish Marriage Record.jpg|Poland Marriage Record]]''' | ||
=== Divorce Records (Ehescheidungen, akta rozwodowe) === | === Divorce Records (Ehescheidungen, akta rozwodowe) === | ||
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=== Death Records (Tote, akta zgonów) === | === Death Records (Tote, akta zgonów) === | ||
Death records are especially helpful because they may provide important information on a person’s birth, spouse, and parents. Civil death records may exist for individuals for whom there are no birth | Death records are especially helpful because they may provide important information on a person’s birth, spouse, and parents. Civil death records may exist for individuals for whom there are no birth or marriage records. Deaths were usually registered within a few days of the death in the town or city where the person died. | ||
Early death records generally give the name, date, and place of death. After 1874 they usually included the age or date of birth and sometimes the birthplace, residence, occupation, cause of death, burial information, informant’s name (often a relative), and the name of a spouse or parents. Information about parents and birthplace and date of the deceased and other information in a death record may be inaccurate since the informant may not have had complete information. | Early death records generally give the name, date, and place of death. After 1874 they usually included the age or date of birth and sometimes the birthplace, residence, occupation, cause of death, burial information, informant’s name (often a relative), and the name of a spouse or parents. Information about parents and birthplace and date of the deceased and other information in a death record may be inaccurate since the informant may not have had complete information. | ||
'''Example of | '''Example of Polish Death Record''' | ||
'''[[Image:Polish | '''[[Image:Polish Death Transcript.jpg|Poland Death Transcript]]''' | ||
'''[[Image:Polish | '''[[Image:Polish Death Record.jpg|Poland Death Record]]''' | ||
=== Austrian Civil Transcripts in Latin === | === Austrian Civil Transcripts in Latin === | ||
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The column headings and translations below should simplify the reading of these records. Several modifications were made in the forms, but the basic format remained the same. Earlier forms simply required less information; thus, many forms will not be exactly the same as those presented here nor will all the information be given in all cases. In reading the records, remember that Latin grammatical forms may change the endings on given names. | The column headings and translations below should simplify the reading of these records. Several modifications were made in the forms, but the basic format remained the same. Earlier forms simply required less information; thus, many forms will not be exactly the same as those presented here nor will all the information be given in all cases. In reading the records, remember that Latin grammatical forms may change the endings on given names. | ||
[[Image:Austrian | [[Image:Austrian Latin Transcript.jpg|Austrian Latin Transcript]] | ||
Parents' names are usually recorded iin the following fashion: | Parents' names are usually recorded iin the following fashion: | ||
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Civil registration records are kept at the local civil registration office (Urzd stanu Cywilnego) in each town or city. You must therefore determine the town where your ancestor lived before you can find the records. | Civil registration records are kept at the local civil registration office (Urzd stanu Cywilnego) in each town or city. You must therefore determine the town where your ancestor lived before you can find the records. | ||
Your ancestor may have lived in a village that was part of the civil district of a nearby larger town. In large cities there may be many civil districts. You may need to use gazetteers and other geographic references to identify the place your ancestor lived and the civil registration office that served it (see | Your ancestor may have lived in a village that was part of the civil district of a nearby larger town. In large cities there may be many civil districts. You may need to use gazetteers and other geographic references to identify the place your ancestor lived and the civil registration office that served it (see the “[[Poland Gazetteers|Gazetteers]]” section in this outline). In addition to the town, you need to know at least an approximate year in which the birth, marriage, divorce, or death occurred. | ||
=== Indexes to Civil Registration Records === | === Indexes to Civil Registration Records === | ||
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=== Records at the Family History Library === | === Records at the Family History Library === | ||
The Family History Library has microfilmed the civil registration records of many towns in the former Prussian areas of Poland. They are rarely available more recently than about 1890 because | The Family History Library has microfilmed the civil registration records of many towns in the former Prussian areas of Poland. They are rarely available more recently than about 1890 because the microfilming of records less than 110 years old is restricted. The specific holdings of the Family History Library are listed in the Family History Library Catalog. To find civil registration records in the Family History Library, search in the Place section under: | ||
POLAND - CIVIL REGISTRATION | POLAND - CIVIL REGISTRATION | ||
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http://www.genealogylinks.net/europe/poland/index.html | http://www.genealogylinks.net/europe/poland/index.html | ||
[[Category:Poland]] | |||