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The Grand Duke Leopold died in 1852 and was succeeded by his son, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden Frederick]. During Frederick’s reign, the option of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_marriage civil marriages] was introduced in the 1860s. In the great struggle between the two major German powers, Prussia and Austria, Baden was an ardent supporter of Austria. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War Austro-Prussian War] (1866), Baden, along with most south German states, joined with Austria. Although Austria and her allies were quickly and soundly defeated, Baden did not suffer territorial loss.<br><br> | The Grand Duke Leopold died in 1852 and was succeeded by his son, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden Frederick]. During Frederick’s reign, the option of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_marriage civil marriages] was introduced in the 1860s. In the great struggle between the two major German powers, Prussia and Austria, Baden was an ardent supporter of Austria. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War Austro-Prussian War] (1866), Baden, along with most south German states, joined with Austria. Although Austria and her allies were quickly and soundly defeated, Baden did not suffer territorial loss.<br><br> | ||
After the defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, Baden was quick to make peace and an alliance with Prussia. She withdrew from the German Confederation and there was talk of joining the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_German_Confederation North German Confederation], although this did not materialize. Baden played a major role in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War Franco-Prussian War] of 1870-71. Such was the support of Baden for Prussia that it was Grand Duke Frederick of Baden who was the first at the assembly of German princes at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles | After the defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, Baden was quick to make peace and an alliance with Prussia. She withdrew from the German Confederation and there was talk of joining the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_German_Confederation North German Confederation], although this did not materialize. Baden played a major role in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War Franco-Prussian War] of 1870-71. Such was the support of Baden for Prussia that it was Grand Duke Frederick of Baden who was the first at the assembly of German princes at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles Versailles] to hail the King of Prussia as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs German emperor]. Baden became part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire German Empire] in 1871. | ||
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== The 20th Century == | |||
<br>The First World War caused tremendous upheaval in Germany. On 9 November, 1918 the [[wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor|German Kaiser]] abdicated, ending the German Empire, which, after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919 German Revolution] was replaced by the weak [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_republic Weimar Republic]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden], abdicated on 22 November, 1918, thus ending any royal governance of Baden. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Baden Republic of Baden] was a constituent state in the Weimar Republic. During the Nazi period, Baden, as with all other states, was abolished, and replaced by a Gau. In 1940, The Gau of Baden absorbed much of Alsace and the new Gau was renamed “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Gaue_of_Nazi_Germany Baden-Elsass].” The post-war years saw significant changes for Baden. Initially, the three major allied powers agreed to occupy Germany according to zones. France was not to receive a zone, but de Gaulle argued for a French zone and the Americans and British relented, with the French zone being cut out from their areas. Therefore, the Soviet zone was actually one-third, instead of one-fourth, of the size of post-war Germany. Baden was divided between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Occupation_Zones_in_Germany American and French zones]. The northern part, which was in the American zone, became part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden Württemberg-Baden], while the French section remained apart from this new state. In 1952, the French section of Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and [[wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern |Württemberg-Hohenzollern]] all merged to become the modern German state of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg Baden-Württemberg]. | |||
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{{Wikipedia|Baden}} | {{Wikipedia|Baden}} | ||