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England Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
England Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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''[[England]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[England Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]'' | ''[[England]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[England Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]'' | ||
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[[Image:RMS Cymric.jpg|thumb|right|350x163px]]Emigration records are records of people leaving England. Immigration records are records of people entering England. Passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate often contain genealogical information. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination. | [[Image:RMS Cymric.jpg|thumb|right|350x163px]]Emigration records are records of people leaving England. Immigration records are records of people entering England. Passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate often contain genealogical information. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination. | ||
Beginning in 1606 people emigrated from England to countries such as the United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Emigration increased after 1815 when it became a means of poor relief. Emigration also increased during gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Emigration from England peaked in the 1880s. | <br>Beginning in 1606 people emigrated from England to countries such as the United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Emigration increased after 1815 when it became a means of poor relief. Emigration also increased during gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Emigration from England peaked in the 1880s. | ||
Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1776; Canada before 1865; or Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until the 20th century. | Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1776; Canada before 1865; or Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until the 20th century. | ||
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Some of these documents may also be found in libraries. | Some of these documents may also be found in libraries. | ||
For further information about finding the origins of immigrant ancestors, see [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] | Sometimes it is possible to guess where an immigrant originated through [[Surname_Distribution_Maps|surname distribution maps]]. | ||
For further information about finding the origins of immigrant ancestors, see [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] | |||
=== Emigration from England === | === Emigration from England === | ||
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'''Latter-day Saints'''. About 1840, converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For further information, see [[Utah]]. | '''Latter-day Saints'''. About 1840, converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For further information, see [[Utah]]. | ||
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=== Records of English Immigrants in Their Destination Countries === | === Records of English Immigrants in Their Destination Countries === | ||
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''Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping''. Fiche edition. LaCrosse, Wisconsin: Brookhaven Press, 1981. (FHL fiche 6024581–6025295; does not circulate to Family History Centers.) | ''Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping''. Fiche edition. LaCrosse, Wisconsin: Brookhaven Press, 1981. (FHL fiche 6024581–6025295; does not circulate to Family History Centers.) | ||
'''Passenger Lists'''. Port records listing the names of departing or arriving passengers are called passenger lists. Passenger departure lists are rare before 1890. After 1890 they are arranged chronologically by port of departure. These lists usually give the emigrant’s name, age, occupation, address, and sometimes destination and are kept at The National Archives in London. An index to the records, 1890-1960, is now online on [http://www.findmypast.com/passengerListPersonSearchStart.action?redef=0 FindMyPast]. The search is free, but a small fee is charged to see a transcription or the digital image of the original record.<br> | '''Passenger Lists'''. Port records listing the names of departing or arriving passengers are called passenger lists. Passenger departure lists are rare before 1890. After 1890 they are arranged chronologically by port of departure. These lists usually give the emigrant’s name, age, occupation, address, and sometimes destination and are kept at The National Archives in London. An index to the records, 1890-1960, is now online on [http://www.findmypast.com/passengerListPersonSearchStart.action?redef=0 FindMyPast]. The search is free, but a small fee is charged to see a transcription or the digital image of the original record.<br> | ||
Passport Applications: Passports were not mandatory for British travelers until 1914, but some passports or certificates were issued before that year. An index to the names of [http://www.findmypast.com/resources/passportapplications/about.jsp passport applicants] for some earlier years is online. <br> | Passport Applications: Passports were not mandatory for British travelers until 1914, but some passports or certificates were issued before that year. An index to the names of [http://www.findmypast.com/resources/passportapplications/about.jsp passport applicants] for some earlier years is online. <br> | ||
'''United Kingdom War Brides Passenger Lists, 1946-1947.''' | '''United Kingdom War Brides Passenger Lists, 1946-1947.''' | ||
Thousands of women married soldiers during World War II. When husbands returned to their own countries, many wives were left behind to wait to join them. An Internet index gives you a surname, first name and destination of [http://www.warbrides.co.uk/ war brides]: <br> | Thousands of women married soldiers during World War II. When husbands returned to their own countries, many wives were left behind to wait to join them. An Internet index gives you a surname, first name and destination of [http://www.warbrides.co.uk/ war brides]: <br> | ||
'''To Use This Site:''' | '''To Use This Site:''' | ||
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#Click '''Submit''' | #Click '''Submit''' | ||
The index is continuously updated, adding more years and names. It's free to search. A fee is charged for a typewritten extract from the passenger list.<br> | The index is continuously updated, adding more years and names. It's free to search. A fee is charged for a typewritten extract from the passenger list.<br> | ||
'''Assisted Emigrants Registers'''. Persons who applied for assistance to emigrate were recorded in "assisted emigrants registers," which often contain name, age, occupation, residence, destination, name of sponsor, address of relative, and size of family. Those available at the Family History Library appear in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | '''Assisted Emigrants Registers'''. Persons who applied for assistance to emigrate were recorded in "assisted emigrants registers," which often contain name, age, occupation, residence, destination, name of sponsor, address of relative, and size of family. Those available at the Family History Library appear in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
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'''Other Records'''. The Public Record Office has many other records that refer to emigrants. Of particular importance are the "poor law union" papers, which among many other things include some records of poor- relief emigration from 1834 to 1900. These records are at the Public Record Office, class MH 12. For information on other emigration records at the Public Record Office, use the Kew Lists. (See the "[[England Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]". | '''Other Records'''. The Public Record Office has many other records that refer to emigrants. Of particular importance are the "poor law union" papers, which among many other things include some records of poor- relief emigration from 1834 to 1900. These records are at the Public Record Office, class MH 12. For information on other emigration records at the Public Record Office, use the Kew Lists. (See the "[[England Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]". | ||
There are other lists of emigrants by authors such as Peter W. Coldham, Michael Tepper, and P. William Filby. <!--{12081841972180} --><!--{12081841972181} --> | There are other lists of emigrants by authors such as Peter W. Coldham, Michael Tepper, and P. William Filby. <!--{12081841972180} --><!--{12081841972181} --> | ||
=== Immigration to England === | === Immigration to England === | ||
Until after the Second World War, most people immigrating to England came primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews). | Until after the Second World War, most people immigrating to England came primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews). {{Online course badge | ||
{{Online course badge | |||
| link = https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/new-britons-immigration-to-the-united-kingdom/326 | | link = https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/new-britons-immigration-to-the-united-kingdom/326 | ||
| name = New Britons: Immigration to the United Kingdom | | name = New Britons: Immigration to the United Kingdom | ||
}} | }} No regular series of arrival records exists before 1836. The few that exist are not indexed. If your ancestor immigrated to England before 1836, search naturalization and denization records. (See "[[England Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]]". Beginning in 1836 certificates exist for aliens. These are arranged by port, and give the individual’s name, nationality, profession, date arrived, country last visited, and signature. | ||
No regular series of arrival records exists before 1836. The few that exist are not indexed. If your ancestor immigrated to England before 1836, search naturalization and denization records. (See "[[England Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]]". Beginning in 1836 certificates exist for aliens. These are arranged by port, and give the individual’s name, nationality, profession, date arrived, country last visited, and signature. | |||
Starting in 1878 there are lists of incoming passengers which give the passenger’s name, birthplace, last residence, and sometimes an address of a relative in the country of origin. However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. All of these immigration records are at the National Archives in London. | Starting in 1878 there are lists of incoming passengers which give the passenger’s name, birthplace, last residence, and sometimes an address of a relative in the country of origin. However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. All of these immigration records are at the National Archives in London. | ||
In 1948 the {{wpd|MV Empire Windrush}} arrived in London bringing the first large group of West Indian immigrants to the UK. | In 1948 the {{wpd|MV Empire Windrush}} arrived in London bringing the first large group of West Indian immigrants to the UK. | ||
Immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | Immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
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ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION | ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION | ||
Because few English immigration sources exist, you may need to search the emigration records of the country your ancestor moved from. | Because few English immigration sources exist, you may need to search the emigration records of the country your ancestor moved from. | ||
=== Web Sites === | === Web Sites === | ||
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{{Place|England}} | {{Place|England}} | ||
[[Category:England|Emigration and Immigration]] [[Category:Huguenots]] [[Category:English]] [[Category: | [[Category:England|Emigration and Immigration]] [[Category:Huguenots]] [[Category:English]] [[Category:England_Emigration_and_Immigration]] | ||