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voice 402.857.3391<br>fax 402.857.3736 | voice 402.857.3391<br>fax 402.857.3736 | ||
official website of the [http://www.poncatribe-ne.org/ Ponca Tribe], Nebraska | official website of the [http://www.poncatribe-ne.org/ Ponca Tribe], Nebraska | ||
<br>'''Ponca Nation of Oklahoma<br>'''20 White Eagle Drive<br>Ponca City OK 74601 | <br>'''Ponca Nation of Oklahoma<br>'''20 White Eagle Drive<br>Ponca City OK 74601 | ||
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Treaties between the government and the Sioux/Lakota in 1868 gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced by the U.S. to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas. | Treaties between the government and the Sioux/Lakota in 1868 gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced by the U.S. to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas. | ||
In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca in what is now Oklahoma. | In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca Nation in what is now Oklahoma. | ||
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==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
:1789 -- First contact with Europeans | :1789 -- First contact with Europeans | ||
:1817 -- First treaty with the U.S. government | |||
:1817 -- First treaty with the U.S. government | |||
:1825 -- Second treaty with the U.S. government | :1825 -- Second treaty with the U.S. government | ||
:1858 -- Third treaty with the U.S. government | :1858 -- Third treaty with the U.S. government<br>1865 -- Fourth treaty with the U.S. government<br>1868 -- U.S. treaty with the Sioux/Lakota that included all Ponca lands<br>1877 -- Forced Removal to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of 681 Ponca | ||
:1878 -- Reservation established on Salt Fork River west of the Arkansas River in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma | |||
:1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as legal persons<br>1881 -- lands returned to Ponca in Nebraska; half of tribe returned | |||
:1878 -- Reservation established on Salt Fork River west of the Arkansas River in Indian Territory | |||
:1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as legal persons | |||
:1990 -- U.S. Congress approved Ponca Restoration Bill, created Ponca Tribe of Nebraska | :1966 -- Ponca Tribe of Nebraska ("Northern Ponca") terminated in U.S. policy to terminate tribes (tribal membership 442, 838 acres tribal land)<br>1990 -- U.S. Congress approved Ponca Restoration Bill, created Ponca Tribe of Nebraska | ||
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe<br> ==== | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe<br> ==== | ||