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[[Iowa]] has no ports; consequently, many Iowa residents immigrated through ports in New York, New Orleans, or Canada. Passenger lists since 1820 may contain a person’s age, the state or country of birth, immigration date, occupation, names of children. After 29 July 1906, the passenger lists also contain a physical description. | [[Iowa]] has no ports; consequently, many Iowa residents immigrated through ports in New York, New Orleans, or Canada. Passenger lists since 1820 may contain a person’s age, the state or country of birth, immigration date, occupation, names of children. After 29 July 1906, the passenger lists also contain a physical description. | ||
=== Groups === | === Groups === | ||
The principal groups that came to Iowa from the early 1800s to the early 1900s were: | The principal groups that came to Iowa from the early 1800s to the early 1900s were: <br> | ||
The first European settlers in Iowa were French-Canadians, who worked in the lead mines near present-day Dubuque. | '''1788-1810'''<br> | ||
The first European settlers in Iowa were French-Canadians, who worked in the lead mines near present-day Dubuque. <br> | |||
[http://www.qcmemory.org/Default.aspx?PageId=260&nt=207&nt2=229 The Black Hawk Treaty of 1833] opened most of Iowa to white settlement. Southern Iowa immigration began as the American government negotiated treaties extinguishing the remaining [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/iowa/iowahist.htm Indian claims]. Settlers came from other states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee. Northern Iowa immigration came primarily from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Middle Atlantic and New England states. | |||
'''1833–50'''<br> | |||
[http://www.qcmemory.org/Default.aspx?PageId=260&nt=207&nt2=229 The Black Hawk Treaty of 1833] opened most of Iowa to white settlement. Southern Iowa immigration began as the American government negotiated treaties extinguishing the remaining [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/iowa/iowahist.htm Indian claims]. Settlers came from other states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee. Northern Iowa immigration came primarily from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Middle Atlantic and New England states. <br> | |||
'''1850–60'''<br> | |||
The population of Iowa nearly tripled. Ohio and Indiana contributed more settlers than all other states and immigration from Europe increased. Among the many German immigrants were the [http://www.amanacolonies.com/history.htm Amana colonists], who settled in Iowa in 1855 after having first lived near Buffalo, New York. Many immigrants arrived from Britain and Ireland. | The population of Iowa nearly tripled. Ohio and Indiana contributed more settlers than all other states and immigration from Europe increased. Among the many German immigrants were the [http://www.amanacolonies.com/history.htm Amana colonists], who settled in Iowa in 1855 after having first lived near Buffalo, New York. Many immigrants arrived from Britain and Ireland. | ||
*''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' <ref> Guth, Hermann . ''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' Elverson, Pennsylvania : Mennonite Family History, c1986, (Family History Library Book, 943.41 D2g) </ref> | *''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' <ref> Guth, Hermann . ''The Amish-Mennonites of Waldeck and Wittgenstein'' Elverson, Pennsylvania : Mennonite Family History, c1986, (Family History Library Book, 943.41 D2g) </ref> | ||
*[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3433 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records] | *[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3433 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records] | ||
*[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3436 German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records] | *[http://www.pictonpress.com/store/show/3436 German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records] <br> | ||
'''Late 1800'''<br> | |||
Many Scandinavians immigrated. | Many Scandinavians immigrated. | ||
*"Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa" <ref> Flom, George T. (Tobias), "Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa" [http://www.iowahistory.org/ The State Historical Society of Iowa]. (Reprinted from Iowa Journal of History and politics for 1905-6). 150 p. (Family History Library Film, FHL US/CAN Film 989450 Item 7). </ref> | *"Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa" <ref> Flom, George T. (Tobias), "Chapters on Scandinavian immigration to Iowa" [http://www.iowahistory.org/ The State Historical Society of Iowa]. (Reprinted from Iowa Journal of History and politics for 1905-6). 150 p. (Family History Library Film, FHL US/CAN Film 989450 Item 7). </ref><br> | ||
'''Early 1900s'''<br> | |||
Small groups of Austro-Hungarians and Italians arrived. | Small groups of Austro-Hungarians and Italians arrived. | ||
== Routes to Iowa == | == Routes to Iowa == | ||