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Iraq Tribes and Clans: Difference between revisions
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* ''Encyclopedia of Iraqi Tribes: History, Genealogies, Men, Achievements (in Arabic)'', by Abdel Aoun Rawdan. Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Ahlia Al Ahlia, 2008. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|936634}} | * ''Encyclopedia of Iraqi Tribes: History, Genealogies, Men, Achievements (in Arabic)'', by Abdel Aoun Rawdan. Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Ahlia Al Ahlia, 2008. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|936634}} | ||
** 2008, موسوعة عشائر العراق: تاريخ، أنساب، رجالات، مآثر | ** 2008, موسوعة عشائر العراق: تاريخ، أنساب، رجالات، مآثر | ||
* ''The Anza Tribe: History, Men, and Lineages in Iraq, the Peninsula, and the Levant (in Arabic)'', Riḍā Nāṣir Husayn. Beirut, Lebanon : Dār al-Rāfidayn, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883266}} | |||
** 2005, قبيلة عنزة : تاريخها، رجالاتها، أنسابها في العراق والجزيرة والشام | |||
*''The Qahtani Nada and Bani Jamil Tribes: Their Origins and Branches (in Arabic)'', by Sa'id Dunayf al-Tawil al-Maryani. 2017. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240623_20240623_0400/mode/2up Archive.org]. | *''The Qahtani Nada and Bani Jamil Tribes: Their Origins and Branches (in Arabic)'', by Sa'id Dunayf al-Tawil al-Maryani. 2017. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240623_20240623_0400/mode/2up Archive.org]. | ||
**''عشائر الندا وبني جميل القحتانية : اصولهم وفروعهم''، المحامي سعيد دنيف الطويل المرياني. 2017. | **''عشائر الندا وبني جميل القحتانية : اصولهم وفروعهم''، المحامي سعيد دنيف الطويل المرياني. 2017. | ||
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==Background == | ==Background == | ||
===Tribes in Iraq=== | ===Tribes in Iraq=== | ||
Tribal affiliation is an important part of Iraq's history and modern society. Led by a tribal leader | Tribal affiliation is an important part of Iraq's history and modern society. Led by a tribal leader or sheikh (شيخ ''sheykh''), tribes can be further subdivided into clans (الفخذ ''fukhdh''), houses (البيت ''beit''), and extended family (الخمس ''khams''). Some of the major tribes in Iraq include Al Khatib, Al Srai, Al Alattiya, Al Maliki, Al Qaraghoul, Al Khuza'ah, Al Samraie, Al Azzawi, Al Huraithi, Al Absawi, Al Asooli, Al Juaibar, Al Nuaimi, Al Jumaili, Al Salman, Al Naji, Al Kadhmi, Al Qarawi, Al Janabi, Al Wani, Al Ahmed, Al Khazali, Al Hasan, Al Salman, Al Kilab, Al Talafha, Al Sawae'id, Al Manaseer, Albu Badran.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arab tribes of Iraq," ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', accessed 12 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_tribes_of_Iraq.</ref> | ||
===General Information about Tribes=== | === General Information about Tribes=== | ||
In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | ||
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It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe. In some cases, new tribes formed as the result of alliances between pre-existing tribal groups. Individual families may have occasionally become clients of a different tribe and eventually adopted as members. On an even smaller scale, individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe. In some cases, new tribes formed as the result of alliances between pre-existing tribal groups. Individual families may have occasionally become clients of a different tribe and eventually adopted as members. On an even smaller scale, individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | ||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | == Information Recorded in the Records== | ||
* '''Books''' - There are numerous books written on Egyptian and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Egypt are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. | *'''Books''' - There are numerous books written on Egyptian and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Egypt are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. | ||
==Strategy== | ==Strategy== | ||
The published works above include information useful for tracing Iraqi tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | The published works above include information useful for tracing Iraqi tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Iraq]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | [[Category:Iraq]] | ||
[[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | |||