Qatar Tribes and Clans: Difference between revisions
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==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
===Online Resources=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
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====English==== | ====English==== | ||
*''Area Handbook for the Persian Gulf States.'' By Richard F. Nyrop. Washington DC: Foreign Area Studies of The American University, 1977. | *''Area Handbook for the Persian Gulf States.'' By Richard F. Nyrop. Washington DC: Foreign Area Studies of The American University, 1977. | ||
== Background == | |||
Like many regions of the Middle East and the Gulf in particular, tribes in Qatar continue to play an essential role in shaping society and identity for Qataris. In pre-modern Qatar, tribes were the main social unit and governed all aspects of life. Although the country's rapid and extensive modernization in the last century has altered the traditional nomadic lifestyle of some Qataris, tribal identities remain an important element of society, even factoring into the nation's political structure. | |||
Some larger Emirati tribes include the ruling Al Thani (<big>الثاني</big>), Al Khalifa (<big>آل خليفة</big>), al-Sudan (<big>السودان</big>), Al Saud (<big>آل سعود</big>), 'Utubi (العتوب), Banu Khalid (<big>بنو خالد</big>), Qawasim (<big>القواسم</big>), al-Musallam (<big>آل</big> <big>مسلم</big>), Al Bu Ainain (<big>آل بو عينين</big>), al-Attiyah (<big>العطية</big>), and al-Kuwari (<big>الكواري</big>)<ref>Contributors, "Tribal Families in Qatar," ''Harvard Divinity School,'' https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/tribal-families-qatar, accessed 30 January 2025.</ref>. Given that the Arabian Peninsula is the ancestral homeland of Arabs and the area from which Arabic and Islam spread throughout much of the Middle East and North Africa, many of these tribes extend beyond the borders of the UAE. | |||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | |||
Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders. | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | |||
==Types of Records== | ==Types of Records== | ||
'''Books''' - There are numerous books written on Qatar and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Qatar are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa and can provide historical background for tribes and families today. | |||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | ==Information Recorded in the Records== | ||
Tribal histories and genealogies can contain a variety of data useful for family history researchers. Depending on the type and detail of tribal genealogy, typically include the names of fathers and sons but may exclude wives or daughters. Additionally, these genealogies may not include exact birth or death dates, although background information can often allow the researcher to estimate these data for individuals in the records. | |||
Even without detailed lineages, tribal histories can still be useful for researchers. These records often contain details on tribal origins, migrations and movement, and traditional beliefs and culture. | |||
==Strategy== | ==Strategy== | ||
The published works above include information useful for tracing Qatari tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal histories, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | |||
As with all genealogical research, start with what you know. If you know your ancestor's tribal affiliation already, search books on that tribe. If not, search for resources on their country or region of origin, which can often identify the major tribes located there. Become familiar with the various branches within the tribe to better understand where your ancestors fit within the larger tribal structure. Within tribal lineages, search for the names of familiar individuals or places as clues to identify your exact family line. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Qatar]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | [[Category:Qatar]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | ||
Revision as of 17:34, 30 January 2025
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In other languages: العربيةResources[edit | edit source]
Online Resources[edit | edit source]
- Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic) - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website
Print Pubications[edit | edit source]
Arabic[edit | edit source]
- جمهرة النسب. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠٠٤
- جمهرة أنساب العرب. أبو محمد علي بن أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم الأندلسي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية, ٢٠١٨
- قلائد الذهب في معرفة أنساب قبائل العرب. مصطفى حميدي بن أحمد الكردي البالوي الدمشقي. بيروت، لبنان: دار ومكتبة الهلال بئر العبد , ٢٠٠٠
- مشجرات أنساب قبائل والعوئل العربية: مع مراصظات تاريخية وجغرافية. فرديناند فوستنفلد. بيروت: دار الورَّك, ١٨٥٢
- نسب معد واليمن الكبير. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠١٠
- نهاية الارب في معرفة انساب العرب. أبو العباس أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية
- The Arab Tribes: Their Historical Origins and Roots (in Arabic), by Jamal Mashari al-Rafdi. Online at: Archive.org.
- القبائل العربية: أصولها جذورها التاريخية، جمال بن مشاري الرفدي.
- The Glorious Pearls in the News of the Latest Arabs (in Arabic), by Sheikh Muhammad al-Bisam al-Najdi. Online at: Archive.org; description of Arab tribes at time of writing in the 19th Century
- الدرر المفاخر في أخبار العرب الأواخر، الشيخ محمد البسام النجدي.
German[edit | edit source]
- Ǧamharat an-nasab : das genealogische Werk des Hišam Ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī (Band I und II). By Werner Caskel. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1966. FS Catalog book INTL 953 D2c
Background[edit | edit source]
Individual Tribes and Tribal Confederations[edit | edit source]
Arabic[edit | edit source]
- سيرة آل هذال: شيوخ قبيلة عنزة، أخوان بتلا. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩
- قبيلة بني تميم : تاريخها، أنسابها، أعلامها. محمد عبد الرضا ذهبي. بيروت: الدار العربية للموسوعات, ٢٠٠٤ FS Catalog book 953 D2d v. 1
- قبيلة بني خالد في التاريخ. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩
- قبيلة عنزة تاريخها، رجلاتها، أنسابها في العراق والجزيرة. الشيخ محروث الهذال (أمير عنزة). لبنان - بيروت: دار الرفدين, ٢٠٠٥
English[edit | edit source]
- Area Handbook for the Persian Gulf States. By Richard F. Nyrop. Washington DC: Foreign Area Studies of The American University, 1977.
Background[edit | edit source]
Like many regions of the Middle East and the Gulf in particular, tribes in Qatar continue to play an essential role in shaping society and identity for Qataris. In pre-modern Qatar, tribes were the main social unit and governed all aspects of life. Although the country's rapid and extensive modernization in the last century has altered the traditional nomadic lifestyle of some Qataris, tribal identities remain an important element of society, even factoring into the nation's political structure.
Some larger Emirati tribes include the ruling Al Thani (الثاني), Al Khalifa (آل خليفة), al-Sudan (السودان), Al Saud (آل سعود), 'Utubi (العتوب), Banu Khalid (بنو خالد), Qawasim (القواسم), al-Musallam (آل مسلم), Al Bu Ainain (آل بو عينين), al-Attiyah (العطية), and al-Kuwari (الكواري)[1]. Given that the Arabian Peninsula is the ancestral homeland of Arabs and the area from which Arabic and Islam spread throughout much of the Middle East and North Africa, many of these tribes extend beyond the borders of the UAE.
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (قحطان), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (عدنان), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.[2]
Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders.
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.[3] Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage.
Types of Records[edit | edit source]
Books - There are numerous books written on Qatar and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Qatar are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa and can provide historical background for tribes and families today.
Information Recorded in the Records[edit | edit source]
Tribal histories and genealogies can contain a variety of data useful for family history researchers. Depending on the type and detail of tribal genealogy, typically include the names of fathers and sons but may exclude wives or daughters. Additionally, these genealogies may not include exact birth or death dates, although background information can often allow the researcher to estimate these data for individuals in the records.
Even without detailed lineages, tribal histories can still be useful for researchers. These records often contain details on tribal origins, migrations and movement, and traditional beliefs and culture.
Strategy[edit | edit source]
The published works above include information useful for tracing Qatari tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal histories, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions.
As with all genealogical research, start with what you know. If you know your ancestor's tribal affiliation already, search books on that tribe. If not, search for resources on their country or region of origin, which can often identify the major tribes located there. Become familiar with the various branches within the tribe to better understand where your ancestors fit within the larger tribal structure. Within tribal lineages, search for the names of familiar individuals or places as clues to identify your exact family line.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Contributors, "Tribal Families in Qatar," Harvard Divinity School, https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/tribal-families-qatar, accessed 30 January 2025.
- ↑ "People of Arabia," Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.