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Because genealogical sources are difficult to examine in person, many have been transcribed, microfilmed, or digitized. These copies are called derivative sources. Because the quality of a derivative depends heavily on the quality of the original and the type of derivative, the citation needs two parts: a citation of the derivative, including its type, and a citation to the original. We sometimes call the original “the source of the source.”<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained'', 47-8, 52.</ref> | Because genealogical sources are difficult to examine in person, many have been transcribed, microfilmed, or digitized. These copies are called derivative sources. Because the quality of a derivative depends heavily on the quality of the original and the type of derivative, the citation needs two parts: a citation of the derivative, including its type, and a citation to the original. We sometimes call the original “the source of the source.”<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained'', 47-8, 52.</ref> | ||
To address these unique needs, Elizabeth Shown Mills published ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace''. Since American historians use ''The Chicago Manual of Style'',<ref>“The OAH Magazine of History Style Sheet,” ''Organization of American Historians'' ([http://www.oah.org http://www.oah.org] | To address these unique needs, Elizabeth Shown Mills published ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace''. Since American historians use ''The Chicago Manual of Style'',<ref>“The OAH Magazine of History Style Sheet,” ''Organization of American Historians'' ([http://www.oah.org http://www.oah.org] : accessed 17 July 2010); Diana Hacker, “History: Documenting Sources,” ''Research and Documentation Online'' ([http://dianahacker.com http://dianahacker.com] : accessed 17 July 2010).</ref> Elizabeth Shown Mills builds on it. Because ''Evidence Explained'' meets their unique needs, many genealogists use it. | ||
== Online Sources == | == Online Sources == | ||
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When a historical record collection can be searched, the derivative type is “database,” “index,” or similar term. When a collection has digital images, “digital images” is the type of the derivative. Consider this citation to the death certificate of former president, Lyndon Baines Johnson: | When a historical record collection can be searched, the derivative type is “database,” “index,” or similar term. When a collection has digital images, “digital images” is the type of the derivative. Consider this citation to the death certificate of former president, Lyndon Baines Johnson: | ||
<blockquote> 1. “Texas Deaths, 1890-1976,” database and digital images, ''FamilySearch.org'' (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 5 December 2009), search for Lyndon Baines Johnson, died 22 January 1973; death certificate 00340, Bexar County, Texas Bureau of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, 1100 West 49th Street, Austin, Texas. </blockquote> | <blockquote> 1. “Texas Deaths, 1890-1976,” database and digital images, ''FamilySearch.org'' ([http://www.familysearch.org http://www.familysearch.org] : accessed 5 December 2009), search for Lyndon Baines Johnson, died 22 January 1973; death certificate 00340, Bexar County, Texas Bureau of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, 1100 West 49th Street, Austin, Texas. </blockquote> | ||
<br> Notice the different parts of the citation: | <br> Notice the different parts of the citation: | ||
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The source of the source is even more important for databases without images. When a database does not have images, you cannot tell if there are indexing errors. The source of the source citation in the following example tells you where to get a photocopy of the original record. | The source of the source is even more important for databases without images. When a database does not have images, you cannot tell if there are indexing errors. The source of the source citation in the following example tells you where to get a photocopy of the original record. | ||
<blockquote> 2. “Idaho Marriages, 1842-1996,” ''Ancestry.com'' (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 18 July 2010), search for Alonzo Raymond, married 1922; from “Upper Snake River Family History Center and Ricks College (Rexburg, Idaho),” citing “marriage book at the County Courthouse located in Bannock Co., ID in Volume 11 on Page 55.” </blockquote> | <blockquote> 2. “Idaho Marriages, 1842-1996,” ''Ancestry.com'' ([http://www.ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com] : accessed 18 July 2010), search for Alonzo Raymond, married 1922; from “Upper Snake River Family History Center and Ricks College (Rexburg, Idaho),” citing “marriage book at the County Courthouse located in Bannock Co., ID in Volume 11 on Page 55.” </blockquote> | ||
<br> Unlike the Texas Death example, this source of the source shows the typical practice. Simply “specify whatever the database gives as its source.”<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained'', 301.</ref> | <br> Unlike the Texas Death example, this source of the source shows the typical practice. Simply “specify whatever the database gives as its source.”<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained'', 301.</ref> | ||
= Entering Citations in nFS [2010] = | = Entering Citations in nFS [2010] = | ||
At the present time [2010], the new FamilySearch Tree makes it very difficult to enter sources. Here are some suggestions from users that may help until source entry is improved. I suggest doing what works for you. “Remember that the purpose of source citations is not to create paranoia or anxiety but to eliminate it.”<ref>Elizabeth Shown Mills, ''Evidence! Citation | At the present time [2010], the new FamilySearch Tree makes it very difficult to enter sources. Here are some suggestions from users that may help until source entry is improved. I suggest doing what works for you. “Remember that the purpose of source citations is not to create paranoia or anxiety but to eliminate it.”<ref>Elizabeth Shown Mills, ''Evidence! Citation and Analysis for the Family Historian'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997), 14.</ref> | ||
*Make use of the browser’s drop down list of past entries.<ref name="Grant" /> | *Make use of the browser’s drop down list of past entries.<ref name="Grant" /> | ||
*Copy and paste frequent sources from a separate document.<ref name="Grant" /> | *Copy and paste frequent sources from a separate document.<ref name="Grant" /> | ||
*Enter sources for the individual rather than for each event.<ref name="Grant">Kathy Grant, “Entering Sources in nFS -- Tips and Improvements,” ''FHCNET'', Yahoo discussion group, ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET]: [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27009 5 June 2010, 8:17 pm], accessed 18 July 18, 2010).</ref> | *Enter sources for the individual rather than for each event.<ref name="Grant">Kathy Grant, “Entering Sources in nFS -- Tips and Improvements,” ''FHCNET'', Yahoo discussion group, ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET]: [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27009 5 June 2010, 8:17 pm], accessed 18 July 18, 2010).</ref> | ||
*Enter limited information.<ref>Gary Templeman, ''FHCNET'' ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27011 6 June 2010, 2:57 am]); Venita Roylance, Ibid. ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27021 6 June 2010, 5:36 pm]).</ref> | |||
*Enter limited information.<ref>Gary Templeman, ''FHCNET'' ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27011 6 June 2010, 2:57 am]); Venita Roylance, Ibid. ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27021 6 June 2010, 5:36 pm]).</ref> | |||
*Enter citations into the notes so you can format as desired and synchronize with desktop genealogy data.<ref>Gaylon Findlay, ''FHCNET'' ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27025 6 June 2010, 8:23 pm]).</ref> | *Enter citations into the notes so you can format as desired and synchronize with desktop genealogy data.<ref>Gaylon Findlay, ''FHCNET'' ([http://groups.yahoo.com/group/FHCNET/message/27025 6 June 2010, 8:23 pm]).</ref> | ||