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Arabic Genealogical Word List (view source)
Revision as of 10:40, 25 September 2024
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This list contains Arabic words with their English transliterations and translations. The words included here are those likely to be found in genealogical sources. For any words not contained in the list, please see "Additional Arabic Language Resources" below for suggestions on dictionaries and websites. | This list contains Arabic words with their English transliterations and translations. The words included here are those likely to be found in genealogical sources. For any words not contained in the list, please see "Additional Arabic Language Resources" below for suggestions on dictionaries and websites. | ||
Arabic is a Semitic language, placing it in the same family as Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken as a first language by almost 300 million people in the Middle East and North Africa<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic, accessed 25 Sep 2024.</ref> and is commonly learned as a second language, particularly by non-Arab Muslims due to its | Arabic is a Semitic language, placing it in the same family as Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken as a first language by almost 300 million people in the Middle East and North Africa<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic, accessed 25 Sep 2024.</ref> and is commonly learned as a second language, particularly by non-Arab Muslims due to its role as the liturgical language of Islam. | ||
The term "Arabic language" generally refers to both Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized, formal Arabic used for official purposes, including record keeping; and the diverse array of Arabic dialects spoken as a first language at home and in daily life. Arabic dialects are rarely written down, especially in official documents, so this page focuses on Modern Standard Arabic. However, dialects are commonly used in oral histories, so resources for spoken Arabic are included as well. | The term "Arabic language" generally refers to both Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized, formal Arabic used for literature and official purposes, including record keeping; and the diverse array of Arabic dialects spoken as a first language at home and in daily life. Arabic dialects are rarely written down, especially in official documents, so this page focuses on Modern Standard Arabic. However, dialects are commonly used in oral histories, so resources for spoken Arabic are included as well. | ||
== Language Characteristics == | == Language Characteristics == | ||
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===Arabic Alphabet=== | ===Arabic Alphabet=== | ||
Arabic is written using the Arabic alphabet (Ar: أَبْجَدِيّة) which consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic Alphabet," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet, accessed 29 Aug 2024.</ref> The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad, meaning that typically only consonants and long vowels are written, while short vowels are either excluded and inferred by the reader or written as diacritics above or under consonants. The Arabic script is also cursive; most letters connect to the subsequent letter in a word, meaning that most letters vary in form depending on where they fall in a word. | Arabic is written using the Arabic alphabet (Ar: أَبْجَدِيّة) which consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic Alphabet," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet, accessed 29 Aug 2024.</ref> The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad, meaning that typically only consonants and long vowels are written, while short vowels are either excluded and inferred by the reader or written as diacritics above or under consonants. The Arabic script is also cursive; most letters connect to the subsequent letter in a word, meaning that most letters vary in form depending on where they fall in a word. | ||
==== Arabic Consonants and Long Vowels ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Independent Form | !Independent Form | ||
!Initial Form (beginning of a word) | !Initial Form (beginning of a word) | ||
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|ـثـ | |ـثـ | ||
|ـث | |ـث | ||
|th | |th (similar to "<u>th</u>ank") | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ج | |ج | ||
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|ـذ | |ـذ | ||
|ـذ | |ـذ | ||
|th, dh | |th, dh (similar to "<u>th</u>is") | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ر | |ر | ||
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|y | |y | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Arabic Diacritics ==== | |||
Arabic diacritics include short vowels and other symbols written either above or below consonants. Diacritics are rarely used outside of religious texts but are sometimes included to reduce ambiguity. | |||
==== Additional Letters and Ligatures ==== | |||
In addition to | |||
== Additional Arabic Language Resources == | == Additional Arabic Language Resources == | ||