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The history of the Ottawa Indians places them, at the first contact with Europeans, in what was to become Ontario, Canada in the 1600s. They are usually associated with Manitoulin Island and the shores of Georgian Bay in Lake Huron, in what is now the Province of Ontario<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Handbook of American Indians by Frederick Webb Hodge [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Available online]</ref>. | The history of the Ottawa Indians places them, at the first contact with Europeans, in what was to become Ontario, Canada in the 1600s. They are usually associated with Manitoulin Island and the shores of Georgian Bay in Lake Huron, in what is now the Province of Ontario<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Handbook of American Indians by Frederick Webb Hodge [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Available online]</ref>. | ||
Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, [[ | Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa]], and [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi]]) occupied much of that area. In 1836, the Ottawa ceded nearly two-thirds of their land to the United States and in 1837, Michigan was created from that cession. | ||
In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>. | In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>. | ||
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*'''1763: '''Pontiac's Rebellion; tried to drive the British from the Great Lakes. About 2,000 settlers died during the rebellion. Many British forts surrendered; Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt did not. Fort Pitt under Lord Jeffery Amherst's suggestion, sent out smallpox-infected blankets starting an epidemic among the Indians | *'''1763: '''Pontiac's Rebellion; tried to drive the British from the Great Lakes. About 2,000 settlers died during the rebellion. Many British forts surrendered; Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt did not. Fort Pitt under Lord Jeffery Amherst's suggestion, sent out smallpox-infected blankets starting an epidemic among the Indians | ||
*'''1831: '''Land cessions | *'''1831: '''Land cessions | ||
*1837-47: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1837-47: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Council Bluffs Subagency (Iowa)|Council Bluff Agency]] | ||
*1837-51: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1837-51: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Osage River Indian Agency (Kansas)|Osage River Agency]] | ||
*1851-63: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1851-63: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]] | ||
*'''1831-1867:''' The tribe lived in Kansas | *'''1831-1867:''' The tribe lived in Kansas | ||
*1863-73: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1863-73: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Ottawa Indian Agency (Kansas)|Ottawa Agency]] | ||
*'''1867-1870: '''removed to Indian Territory - Oklahoma; some live in Ontario - Manitoulin Island and Cockburn Island | *'''1867-1870: '''removed to Indian Territory - Oklahoma; some live in Ontario - Manitoulin Island and Cockburn Island | ||
*1867-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1867-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho Agency]] | ||
*1871-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[ | *1871-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Agency]] | ||
*'''1959:''' Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma terminated, Tribal membership 630, Tribal land (Acres) 0 (*1956 is the year given in the history of the Ottawa of Oklahoma's web site which coincides with a roll of blood members of the tribe that is now used for proof to join currently) | *'''1959:''' Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma terminated, Tribal membership 630, Tribal land (Acres) 0 (*1956 is the year given in the history of the Ottawa of Oklahoma's web site which coincides with a roll of blood members of the tribe that is now used for proof to join currently) | ||
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==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
==== Agencies ==== | |||
The following agencies had jurisdictiton over the Ottawa Indians | |||
While the tribe was located in the East: | |||
*[[Green_Bay_Indian_Agency_(Wisconsin)|Green Bay]], [[Ohio_Indian_Agency|Ohio]], [[Chicago_Indian_Agency_(Illinois)|Chicago]], [[Mackinac_Indian_Agency_(Michigan)|Mackinac]], [[Sault_Ste._Marie_Indian_Agency_(Michigan)|Sault Ste. Marie ]]agencies, and the Subagency of [[Saginaw_Indian_Subagency_(Michigan)|Saginaw]] | |||
When located in Iowa | |||
*[[Council_Bluffs_Indian_Agency_(Nebraska)|Council Bluff Agency]] | |||
When located in Kansas | |||
*[[Osage_River_Indian_Agency_(Kansas)|Osage River]], [[Sac_and_Fox_Indian_Agency_(Iowa)|Sac and Fox]]. [[Ottawa_Indian_Agency_(Kansas)|Ottawa]] agencies | |||
When located in Indian Territory | |||
*[[Neosho_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Neosho]], and [[Quapaw_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Quapaw]] Agencies | |||
==== Superintendencies ==== | |||
[[Michigan_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Michigan]], [[St._Louis_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|St. Louis]], and [[Central_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Central]] superintendencies | |||
== Records == | == Records == | ||