|
|
| Line 13: |
Line 13: |
| | link5=[[France Business and Occupations|Business and Occupations]] | | | link5=[[France Business and Occupations|Business and Occupations]] |
| }} | | }} |
| == Online Records == | | ==Online Resources== |
| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20298/france-national-directory-of-elected-officials?s=275764761 France, National Directory of Elected Officials] at MyHeritage — index ($) | | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20298/france-national-directory-of-elected-officials?s=275764761 France, National Directory of Elected Officials] at MyHeritage — index ($) |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:France|Business and Occupations]] [[Category:Business and Occupations]] | | == Burgess rolls and guild records (Registres de bourgeoisie et corporations de métiers) == |
| | Research use: Sometimes a useful linkage tool where several generations are listed; town of origin of an ancestor may be given. |
| | |
| | Record type: Citizen lists and inhabitants of a given town; lists of persons entitled to the rights, privileges, and protection of a town or community. |
| | |
| | Time Period: 1300-1800. Some as early as the 12th century. |
| | |
| | Content: Names, ages, sometimes social and economic status of citizens, occupations, town of origin, dates when citizenship rights in a town were acquired, sometimes family relationships. |
| | |
| | Location: National, departmental, municipal and town archives. |
| | |
| | Percentage in FamilySearch Library: 1%. |
| | |
| | Population coverage: 20%. |
| | |
| | Reliability: Good.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: France,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1984-1998.</ref> |
| | |
| | == Public officials and government employee records (Dossiers personnels des fonctionnaires) == |
| | |
| | Research use: Primarily for family relationships and to extend lineage beyond other existing records. |
| | |
| | Record type: Personnel records of government employees and officials. |
| | |
| | Time Period: 1525-present. |
| | |
| | Content: Names, genealogies, biographies of public officials, clergy, rabbis, doctors, businessmen, notaries, artisans, professors, etc. |
| | |
| | Location: National, departmental, municipal archives. |
| | |
| | Percentage in FamilySearch Library: 0%. |
| | |
| | Population coverage: 20%.<ref name="profile"/> |
| | |
| | ==French Occupations List== |
| | ====A==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | accoucheur || obstetrician |
| | |- |
| | | accoucheuse || midwife |
| | |- |
| | | adjudicateur || judge, awarder |
| | |- |
| | | admodiateur || national agent |
| | |- |
| | | agent des postes || post office employee |
| | |- |
| | | agent national || federal agent |
| | |- |
| | | agent voyer || road surveyor, inspector of highways |
| | |- |
| | | anspessade || rigman, pikeman |
| | |- |
| | | apothicaire || apothecary, druggist |
| | |- |
| | | appareilleur || workman (construction) |
| | |- |
| | | apprêteur || hat trimmer or finisher |
| | |- |
| | | arboriculteur (arboriste) || arboriculturist, nurseryman |
| | |- |
| | | archichancelier || grnd chancellor |
| | |- |
| | | archichapelain || head chaplain |
| | |- |
| | | archidiacre || archdeacon |
| | |- |
| | | archiviste || records keeper |
| | |- |
| | | argenteur || silver plater |
| | |- |
| | | argentier || treasurer |
| | |- |
| | | argoulet || mounted archer |
| | |- |
| | | argousin || prison warden |
| | |- |
| | | armateur gérant || ship's husband or manager |
| | |- |
| | | armurier || armorer, gunsmith |
| | |- |
| | | arpète || errand boy, apprentice |
| | |- |
| | | arquebusier || gunsmith |
| | |- |
| | | arrimeur || stevedore |
| | |- |
| | | artificier || fire work marker |
| | |- |
| | | artilleur || artilleryman |
| | |- |
| | | ascensionniste || climber, balloonist |
| | |- |
| | | asservisseur || slaver |
| | |- |
| | | assesseur || assessor |
| | |- |
| | | assureur || insurer |
| | |- |
| | | aubergiste || innkeeper |
| | |- |
| | | avant-coureur || herald, forerunner |
| | |- |
| | | aviculteur || poultry farmer |
| | |- |
| | | avocat || lawyer, barrister |
| | |- |
| | | avoyer || Swiss cantonal magistrate |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====B==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | bachoteur || ferryman |
| | |- |
| | | bailleur || lessor (baner) |
| | |- |
| | | bailli || baillif |
| | |- |
| | | baliseur || buoy tender |
| | |- |
| | | ballonnier || balloon vendor |
| | |- |
| | | bandagiste || truss maker |
| | |- |
| | | bardeur || stone carrier |
| | |- |
| | | barilleur or barillier || cooper |
| | |- |
| | | barnum || showman |
| | |- |
| | | barreur || helmsman |
| | |- |
| | | bateleur || juggler |
| | |- |
| | | bêcheur || ditch digger |
| | |- |
| | | bedeau || church usher, verger |
| | |- |
| | | berger || shepherd |
| | |- |
| | | bétonnière || concrete mixer |
| | |- |
| | | beurrier || butter man |
| | |- |
| | | biffin || infantryman |
| | |- |
| | | billardier || billiard, table maker |
| | |- |
| | | bineur || hoer (farmer) |
| | |- |
| | | blasonneur || interpreter of coats of arms |
| | |- |
| | | bloqueur || brakeman |
| | |- |
| | | bluteur || bolt maker |
| | |- |
| | | boiseur || timberman (mining) |
| | |- |
| | | boisselier || bushel maker and cooper |
| | |- |
| | | bossetier || glass blower |
| | |- |
| | | boucher || butcher |
| | |- |
| | | bouchonnier || cork vendor or maker |
| | |- |
| | | bouilleur || distiller of spirits |
| | |- |
| | | boulanger || baker |
| | |- |
| | | bourgeois || townsman, citizen |
| | |- |
| | | bourrelier || harness maker |
| | |- |
| | | bousilleur || adobe builder |
| | |- |
| | | boutillier || cup bearer |
| | |- |
| | | boutonnier || button maker |
| | |- |
| | | boyaudier || gut spinner |
| | |- |
| | | braconnier || poacher |
| | |- |
| | | briqueteur || bricklayer |
| | |- |
| | | briquetier || brick maker |
| | |- |
| | | bûcheron || woodcutter |
| | |- |
| | | buffetier || room keeper |
| | |- |
| | | burineur || engraver |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====C==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | cabaretier || tavern-keeper |
| | |- |
| | | cadranier || dial maker |
| | |- |
| | | cageur || raftman |
| | |- |
| | | caillouteur || roadman |
| | |- |
| | | calligraphe || penman |
| | |- |
| | | calotin || churchgoer, priest |
| | |- |
| | | calottier || cap maker |
| | |- |
| | | calvanier || laborer in harvest time |
| | |- |
| | | cambrioleur || burglar |
| | |- |
| | | canetière || spooler (woman) |
| | |- |
| | | canoteur || oarsman |
| | |- |
| | | cantonnier || roadman (worker) |
| | |- |
| | | canut || silk weaver |
| | |- |
| | | capitoril || town councellor |
| | |- |
| | | cardinaliste || partisan of Richelieu or Mazarin |
| | |- |
| | | carreleur || floor tiler |
| | |- |
| | | cartomancien || fortune teller |
| | |- |
| | | cartonneur || book binder |
| | |- |
| | | casernier || barrack warden |
| | |- |
| | | catalogueur || cataloguer |
| | |- |
| | | catégoriseur || one who categorizes |
| | |- |
| | | centurier || maker of belts |
| | |- |
| | | certificateur || certifier |
| | |- |
| | | chagrinier || shagreen maker |
| | |- |
| | | chaineur || chain measurer |
| | |- |
| | | chainiste || chain maker (surveyor) |
| | |- |
| | | chambrier || chamberlain |
| | |- |
| | | chamelier || camel driver |
| | |- |
| | | champêtre || village policeman |
| | |- |
| | | champignonniste || mushroom grower |
| | |- |
| | | chanoine || canon |
| | |- |
| | | chansonnier || song writer |
| | |- |
| | | chapelier || hatter |
| | |- |
| | | chapier || cope bearer |
| | |- |
| | | charcutier || pork butcher |
| | |- |
| | | chargeur || loader, stoker |
| | |- |
| | | chariot || public executioner (eighteenth century Paris) |
| | |- |
| | | charpentier || carpenter, shipwright |
| | |- |
| | | charretier || waggoner |
| | |- |
| | | charron || wheelwright |
| | |- |
| | | chasse-marée || fish cart driver |
| | |- |
| | | chasseur || hunter |
| | |- |
| | | chasublier || church finisher |
| | |- |
| | | châtreur || gelder |
| | |- |
| | | châtelain || castellan |
| | |- |
| | | chaufournier || lime merchant |
| | |- |
| | | chaulier || lime burner |
| | |- |
| | | chaumier || thatcher |
| | |- |
| | | chaussetier || hosier |
| | |- |
| | | chausseur || shoe salesman |
| | |- |
| | | chef d'escadron || cavalry major |
| | |- |
| | | chef d'orchestre || bandmaster, conductor |
| | |- |
| | | chef de gare || station master |
| | |- |
| | | cheminot || railwayman |
| | |- |
| | | chemisier || shirt maker |
| | |- |
| | | chevalier-errant || knight-errant |
| | |- |
| | | chevaucheur || rider, horseman |
| | |- |
| | | chevau-léger || light cavalryman |
| | |- |
| | | chevillard || wholesale meat salesman |
| | |- |
| | | chevrière || goat girl |
| | |- |
| | | chiffreur || code maker, cipherer |
| | |- |
| | | chimiste || chemist |
| | |- |
| | | chiromancien || palmist |
| | |- |
| | | chirurgien || surgeon |
| | |- |
| | | choriste || chorister |
| | |- |
| | | Chrétien || Christian |
| | |- |
| | | chroniqueur || chronicler |
| | |- |
| | | chronométreur || time keeper |
| | |- |
| | | cimentier || cement maker |
| | |- |
| | | cingleur || shingler |
| | |- |
| | | cirier || wax worker |
| | |- |
| | | ciseleur || carver, sculptor |
| | |- |
| | | cloutier || nail maker |
| | |- |
| | | cocher || coachman, driver |
| | |- |
| | | coédacteur || co-editor |
| | |- |
| | | colocataire || joint tenant |
| | |- |
| | | colombophile || pigeon breeder |
| | |- |
| | | colon || colonist, planter, farmer |
| | |- |
| | | coltineur || coal porter |
| | |- |
| | | commercant || trader, merchant |
| | |- |
| | | communard || member of the Parish commune |
| | |- |
| | | commis || clerk |
| | |- |
| | | compatable || accountant, expert compatable auditor |
| | |- |
| | | concesseur || grantor (will) |
| | |- |
| | | concierge || doorkeeper, janitor |
| | |- |
| | | conclaviste || attendant priest at conclave |
| | |- |
| | | condisciple || schoolfellow |
| | |- |
| | | conférencier || lecturer |
| | |- |
| | | confiturier || preserve maker |
| | |- |
| | | connaisseur || expert |
| | |- |
| | | sonteur || story teller |
| | |- |
| | | contrebandier || smuggler |
| | |- |
| | | contrefacteur || counterfeiter |
| | |- |
| | | convayeur || conveying officer, guard |
| | |- |
| | | copain || pal, friend |
| | |- |
| | | copermutant || one who exchanges with another |
| | |- |
| | | copreneur || co-lessee, joint tennant |
| | |- |
| | | corailleur || coral fisher |
| | |- |
| | | cornemuseur || piper |
| | |- |
| | | corroyeur || currier, leather worker |
| | |- |
| | | corsetier || corset maker |
| | |- |
| | | courrier || messenger, courier, post-boy |
| | |- |
| | | cousette || apprentice of a dress maker |
| | |- |
| | | couturier || seamstress |
| | |- |
| | | couventine || nun, convent school girl |
| | |- |
| | | croque-note || street musician |
| | |- |
| | | cuisinier || cook |
| | |- |
| | | cultivateur || farmer |
| | |- |
| | | curé || priest |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====D==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | débâcleur || water or port bailiff |
| | |- |
| | | déballeur || unpacker |
| | |- |
| | | débardeur || workman who unloads |
| | |- |
| | | décrueur or décruseur || a person who prepares silk for dying |
| | |- |
| | | définiteur || deputy curate |
| | |- |
| | | défricheur || clearer, settler |
| | |- |
| | | dégraisseur || wool scourer |
| | |- |
| | | dégrossisseur || one who rough hews, trims |
| | |- |
| | | dégustateur || wine taster |
| | |- |
| | | dentellier, ère || lacemaker (male, female) |
| | |- |
| | | détrousseur || highwayman, robber |
| | |- |
| | | dévaliseur || thief, burglar |
| | |- |
| | | devancier || predecessor, ancestor |
| | |- |
| | | diaconesse || deaconess |
| | |- |
| | | diacre || deacon |
| | |- |
| | | diseur || sayer, teller (soothsayer) |
| | |- |
| | | domestique || servant, domestic |
| | |- |
| | | donataire || donee, receiver |
| | |- |
| | | donateur or donneur || donor, giver |
| | |- |
| | | doreur || gilder |
| | |- |
| | | douanier || custom officer |
| | |- |
| | | draveur || raftsman, wood floater |
| | |- |
| | | droguiste || druggist |
| | |- |
| | | drousseur || wool comber |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====E==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | ébaucheur || workman employed to rough-hew |
| | |- |
| | | ébéniste || cabinet maker |
| | |- |
| | | éboueur || road sweeper, scavenger |
| | |- |
| | | ébourgeonneur || bud trimmer, vineyard pruner |
| | |- |
| | | écailler || oyster man |
| | |- |
| | | échangiste || exchanger, free trader |
| | |- |
| | | échanson || cup bearers |
| | |- |
| | | échevin || sheriff, alderman |
| | |- |
| | | éclusier || sluceman, lock-keeper |
| | |- |
| | | écorcheur || knacker, fleecer |
| | |- |
| | | écoreur || supervisor |
| | |- |
| | | écosseur || sheller |
| | |- |
| | | écraseur || crusher |
| | |- |
| | | écureur de marmites || sponger |
| | |- |
| | | édificateur || builder |
| | |- |
| | | élagueur || pruner |
| | |- |
| | | embatteur or embateur || cooper, smith |
| | |- |
| | | embaumeur || embalmer |
| | |- |
| | | emmancheur || handle maker |
| | |- |
| | | émondeur || pruner, trimmer |
| | |- |
| | | émouleur || knife sharpener |
| | |- |
| | | émpailleur || chair mender |
| | |- |
| | | encadreur || frame maker |
| | |- |
| | | encaisseur || cashier |
| | |- |
| | | encaqueur || herring packer |
| | |- |
| | | enchérisseur || bidder (auction) |
| | |- |
| | | engagé || pledged to military, engaged to be married |
| | |- |
| | | enquêteur || investigator |
| | |- |
| | | entrebâilleur || door porter |
| | |- |
| | | entreposeur || warehouse keeper |
| | |- |
| | | entrepreneur de transports || forwarding agent |
| | |- |
| | | entrepreneur de pompes funèbres || undertaker |
| | |- |
| | | entrepreneur de maçonnerie || master mason |
| | |- |
| | | épistolographe || letter writer |
| | |- |
| | | escrimeur || fencer |
| | |- |
| | | essayeur || assayer, estimator |
| | |- |
| | | essayiste || essayist |
| | |- |
| | | estampeur || stamper |
| | |- |
| | | étalonneur || inspector of weights |
| | |- |
| | | étameur || tinner, one who makes mirrors |
| | |- |
| | | évaluateur || valuer, appraiser |
| | |- |
| | | éventailliste || fan maker |
| | |- |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====F==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | facteur || maker, manufacturer, porter, postman |
| | |- |
| | | facturier || invoice clerk |
| | |- |
| | | faisandier || pheasant breeder |
| | |- |
| | | fantassin || foot soldier, infantryman |
| | |- |
| | | farinier || flour dealer |
| | |- |
| | | fauconnier || falconer |
| | |- |
| | | femme de chambre || parlor maid |
| | |- |
| | | femme de charge || housekeeper |
| | |- |
| | | femme de lettres || authoress |
| | |- |
| | | femme poète || poetess |
| | |- |
| | | femme sculpteur || sculptoress |
| | |- |
| | | femme médecin || doctor (female) |
| | |- |
| | | femme-agent || police woman |
| | |- |
| | | femme-soldat || service woman |
| | |- |
| | | ferblantier || tinman |
| | |- |
| | | fermier || tenant farmer |
| | |- |
| | | ferrant || shoeing smith |
| | |- |
| | | ferreur || shoeing smith |
| | |- |
| | | ficeleur || packer |
| | |- |
| | | flibustier || buccaneer |
| | |- |
| | | flottard || naval cadet |
| | |- |
| | | fondeur || founder, caster |
| | |- |
| | | fontainier || fountain maker |
| | |- |
| | | forban || pirate |
| | |- |
| | | foreur || borer, driller |
| | |- |
| | | forgeron || blacksmith |
| | |- |
| | | fouilleur || excavator |
| | |- |
| | | fouleur || fuller, wine presser |
| | |- |
| | | fourbisseur || furbisher, sword cutter |
| | |- |
| | | fourier || social scientist |
| | |- |
| | | fournier || oven keeper, parish baker |
| | |- |
| | | fourrageur || forager, marauder |
| | |- |
| | | francs-tenancier || freeholder |
| | |- |
| | | frangeuse || fringe maker |
| | |- |
| | | fraudeur || defrauder, smuggler |
| | |- |
| | | fréteur || freighter, charterer |
| | |- |
| | | frocard (coll.) || monk |
| | |- |
| | | fromager || cheese maker |
| | |- |
| | | frotteur || floor scrubber |
| | |- |
| | | fuyard || fugitive, runaway |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====G==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | gabelou || workman who collects salt tariffs |
| | |- |
| | | gagne-deniers || unskilled worker |
| | |- |
| | | gagne-pain || breadwinner, livelihood |
| | |- |
| | | gagne-petit || knife grinder |
| | |- |
| | | gainier || sheath maker, scabbard maker |
| | |- |
| | | galibot || pit boy |
| | |- |
| | | gantier || glove maker |
| | |- |
| | | garant || guarantor |
| | |- |
| | | garantisseur || warranter |
| | |- |
| | | garçon de cabine || cabin steward |
| | |- |
| | | garçon d'honneur || bestman |
| | |- |
| | | garçon tailleur || journeyman tailor |
| | |- |
| | | garae || guard, watchman |
| | |- |
| | | garde de cheval || horse guard |
| | |- |
| | | garde-port || harbor master |
| | |- |
| | | gargotier || keeper of cook shop |
| | |- |
| | | garnisaire || bailiffs man, garrison member |
| | |- |
| | | garnisseur || trimmer |
| | |- |
| | | gaureur || gofferer, maker of waffles |
| | |- |
| | | gazier || gas fitter |
| | |- |
| | | gazier || gauze maker |
| | |- |
| | | gemmeur || tapper |
| | |- |
| | | geôlier || jailer |
| | |- |
| | | gérant || manager, editor |
| | |- |
| | | giboyeur || fowler, sportsman |
| | |- |
| | | gigolette || street walker |
| | |- |
| | | giletier || waistcoat maker |
| | |- |
| | | gindre or geindre || journeyman baker |
| | |- |
| | | gitan || gypsy (male) |
| | |- |
| | | gitane || gypsy (female) |
| | |- |
| | | glaceur || glazer |
| | |- |
| | | gobeletier || cup maker or seller |
| | |- |
| | | godilleur || sculler, oarsman |
| | |- |
| | | goujat || soldiers' servant, hod carrier |
| | |- |
| | | gourgandine || harlot |
| | |- |
| | | gradé || noncommissioned officer |
| | |- |
| | | grainier || seedman |
| | |- |
| | | graisseur || oiler, lubricator |
| | |- |
| | | grand seigneur || grand lord |
| | |- |
| | | grand-prêtre || high priest |
| | |- |
| | | grand prévôt || provost marshal |
| | |- |
| | | grand veneur || master of the hounds |
| | |- |
| | | grappilleur || grape gleaner |
| | |- |
| | | gréeur || rigger |
| | |- |
| | | greffeur || grafter |
| | |- |
| | | greffier || registrar, recorder |
| | |- |
| | | grimpeur || climber |
| | |- |
| | | griveleur || pilferer |
| | |- |
| | | gruyer || clerical position, prevot |
| | |- |
| | | guêtrier || gaiter maker |
| | |- |
| | | gueusard, gueux || beggar, ragamuffin |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====H==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | habilleur || dresser (theater) |
| | |- |
| | | hache-légumes || vegetable mincer |
| | |- |
| | | hache-paille || chaff cutter |
| | |- |
| | | hache-viande || mincer |
| | |- |
| | | haleur || hauler, boat tower |
| | |- |
| | | hallier || market or stall keeper |
| | |- |
| | | harengère || fish-wife |
| | |- |
| | | Hébraisant or Hébraiste || Hebraist (specialist in Hebrew) |
| | |- |
| | | herbager || grazier |
| | |- |
| | | herbière || herb woman |
| | |- |
| | | herboriste || herbalist, dealer in herbs |
| | |- |
| | | hercheur || haulage boy |
| | |- |
| | | histrion || actor, stage player |
| | |- |
| | | homme de cheval || horseman |
| | |- |
| | | homme de journée || day laborer |
| | |- |
| | | homme de loi || lawyer |
| | |- |
| | | homme de peine || laborer |
| | |- |
| | | homme de robe || lawyer |
| | |- |
| | | homme-grenouille || frogman |
| | |- |
| | | homme-sandwich || sandwich man |
| | |- |
| | | horloger || clock maker |
| | |- |
| | | hôte, hôtesse || host, hostess |
| | |- |
| | | hôtelier || innkeeper, host |
| | |- |
| | | houilleur || coal miner |
| | |- |
| | | hucier || bin maker |
| | |- |
| | | huissier || crier of the court, usher |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====I==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | immigré || settler, immigrant |
| | |- |
| | | imprimeur || printer, pressman |
| | |- |
| | | immolateur || immolator, sacrificer |
| | |- |
| | | inconnu || unknown person |
| | |- |
| | | indigotier || indigo manufacturer |
| | |- |
| | | ingénieur || engineer |
| | |- |
| | | inquisiteur || inquisitor |
| | |- |
| | | instaurateur || founder |
| | |- |
| | | interpellateur || questioner |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====J==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | Jardinier || gardner |
| | |- |
| | | jaugeur || gauger, one who measures capacity |
| | |- |
| | | journalier || journeyman, day laborer |
| | |- |
| | | juge || judge |
| | |- |
| | | juré || juror, juryman |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====L==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | laboureur || plowman, farmer |
| | |- |
| | | laineur || tea seller |
| | |- |
| | | lainier || wool merchant, worker |
| | |- |
| | | lamaneur || harbor or river pilot |
| | |- |
| | | lamier || heddle maker |
| | |- |
| | | lamineur || flattener, roller |
| | |- |
| | | lampiste || lampmaker, lamplighter |
| | |- |
| | | langueyeur || examiner of hog's tongue |
| | |- |
| | | larron || thief, robber |
| | |- |
| | | laveur || washer, scurrer |
| | |- |
| | | layetier || box maker, packing case maker |
| | |- |
| | | le vicaire de Jésus Christ || the pope |
| | |- |
| | | lecteur || reader, proofreader |
| | |- |
| | | lépreux || leper |
| | |- |
| | | lesteur || ballast heaver |
| | |- |
| | | Lévite || Levite, ecclesiastic |
| | |- |
| | | libraire || bookseller, trader |
| | |- |
| | | lignager || kinsman |
| | |- |
| | | limur || filer, wood finisher |
| | |- |
| | | limonadier || lemonade seller |
| | |- |
| | | lisseur || polisher |
| | |- |
| | | littérateur || literaryman, author |
| | |- |
| | | loueur || hired out, hired hand |
| | |- |
| | | loueur de bateaux || boat keeper |
| | |- |
| | | loueur de bicyclettes || bicycle renter |
| | |- |
| | | lubrificateur || lubricator |
| | |- |
| | | lunetier || spectacle maker, optician |
| | |- |
| | | lutteur || wrestler |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====M==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | magister || village schoolmaster |
| | |- |
| | | maieur || (Belgium) mayor |
| | |- |
| | | mairesse || mayoress |
| | |- |
| | | maître d'école || school teacher |
| | |- |
| | | maître d'equipage || boatswain |
| | |- |
| | | malletier || trunk maker |
| | |- |
| | | malteur || maltman, maltster |
| | |- |
| | | maltôtier || tax gatherer |
| | |- |
| | | mandant || employer |
| | |- |
| | | manieur || handler, manager |
| | |- |
| | | manoeuvre || common worker |
| | |- |
| | | manoeuvrier || expert seaman, tactician |
| | |- |
| | | manutentionnaire || manager, army storekeeper |
| | |- |
| | | maquignon || horse dealer, go-between |
| | |- |
| | | maraîcher || market gardener |
| | |- |
| | | marbreur || marbler |
| | |- |
| | | marbrier || marble cutter, polisher, quarry |
| | |- |
| | | marcaire || stable person |
| | |- |
| | | marchand en détail || retail merchant |
| | |- |
| | | maréchal || marshal, field marshal |
| | |- |
| | | maréchal ferrant || blacksmith |
| | |- |
| | | mareyeur || fish salesman |
| | |- |
| | | marié || married man |
| | |- |
| | | marieur || matchmaker |
| | |- |
| | | marqueteur || inlayer |
| | |- |
| | | marqueur (euse) || marker, scorer, tally keeper |
| | |- |
| | | marteleur || hammerman |
| | |- |
| | | matelot || sailor, seaman |
| | |- |
| | | mastroquet || pub keeper |
| | |- |
| | | mécanicien || mechanic, machinist |
| | |- |
| | | mécanicienne || sewing girl |
| | |- |
| | | médailleur || die sinker |
| | |- |
| | | mégissier || tawer, leather dresser |
| | |- |
| | | ménagère || housewife |
| | |- |
| | | mendiant || beggar |
| | |- |
| | | menuisier || joiner, carpenter |
| | |- |
| | | mercier || haberdasher |
| | |- |
| | | messire || sire, master, squire |
| | |- |
| | | métreur || appraiser |
| | |- |
| | | meunier || miller |
| | |- |
| | | milicier || militiaman |
| | |- |
| | | miroitier || looking glass maker, vendor |
| | |- |
| | | modellist or modéliste || dress designer |
| | |- |
| | | moine || monk, friar |
| | |- |
| | | monnayeur || coiner, minter |
| | |- |
| | | monseigneur || my lord, archbishop |
| | |- |
| | | monteur || setter, mounter of jewels |
| | |- |
| | | montreur || showman, exhibitor |
| | |- |
| | | mousse || cabin boy, ship boy |
| | |- |
| | | mulâtre || mulatto |
| | |- |
| | | mytiliculteur || mussel breeder |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====N==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | nielleur || enameller in niello |
| | |- |
| | | niveleur || leveller |
| | |- |
| | | nocher || pilot, boatman |
| | |- |
| | | nolisateur or noliseur || freighter, charterer |
| | |- |
| | | nosologiste || classificator of illnesses |
| | |- |
| | | notaire || notary, solicitor |
| | |- |
| | | nourrice || wet nurse |
| | |- |
| | | nourrisseur || cow keeper, cattle feeder |
| | |- |
| | | nouvelliste || newswriter, short story writer |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====O==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | oenophile || wine connoisseur |
| | |- |
| | | officier reformé || half pay officer |
| | |- |
| | | officiers mariniers || petty officers |
| | |- |
| | | oiseleur || bird catcher, fowler |
| | |- |
| | | oiselier || bird seller |
| | |- |
| | | oleiculteur || olive grower or manufacturer |
| | |- |
| | | ornemaniste || sculptor, painter of ornaments |
| | |- |
| | | orpailleur || gold washer, seeker |
| | |- |
| | | ostréiculteur || oyster growers |
| | |- |
| | | outilleur || tool maker |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====P==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | pailleur || dealer in straw |
| | |- |
| | | palefrenier || groom, ostler |
| | |- |
| | | panetier || bread store keeper |
| | |- |
| | | pantouflier || slipper maker |
| | |- |
| | | paqueteur || packer |
| | |- |
| | | parcheminier || parchment maker |
| | |- |
| | | parqueteur || floor layer |
| | |- |
| | | patachon || captain, steersman, coach driver |
| | |- |
| | | patenté || licensed dealer |
| | |- |
| | | paumier || tennis court keeper |
| | |- |
| | | payeur || payer, pay clerk master |
| | |- |
| | | paysagiste || landscape painter |
| | |- |
| | | peaussier || skinner, skin dresser |
| | |- |
| | | pêcheur || fisherman |
| | |- |
| | | pédiatre || pediatrician, children's doctor |
| | |- |
| | | peigneur || wool comber |
| | |- |
| | | peignier || comb maker, seller |
| | |- |
| | | peintre || painter |
| | |- |
| | | peintre verrier || painter on glass, stained glass maker |
| | |- |
| | | peloteur || ball maker |
| | |- |
| | | péquenot || peasant, bumpkin |
| | |- |
| | | perrier || quarryman |
| | |- |
| | | perruquier || barber, wigmaker |
| | |- |
| | | peseur || weigher |
| | |- |
| | | philatéliste || stamp collector |
| | |- |
| | | piqueur || outrider, overseer |
| | |- |
| | | piquier || pike man |
| | |- |
| | | pilote || pilot, guide |
| | |- |
| | | pisteur || tout, tracker, spy |
| | |- |
| | | placeur || placer, registry office keeper |
| | |- |
| | | plaqueur || silver plater |
| | |- |
| | | plombeur || stamper (custom house) |
| | |- |
| | | plombier || lead worker, plumber |
| | |- |
| | | plumassier || feather merchant |
| | |- |
| | | poêlier || stove dealer or maker |
| | |- |
| | | pointilliste || stipple engraver, pointillist |
| | |- |
| | | polisseur || polisher |
| | |- |
| | | pompier || pump maker, fireman |
| | |- |
| | | pompiste || pump attendant |
| | |- |
| | | pontier || bridge keeper |
| | |- |
| | | porcelainier || porcelain maker, worker |
| | |- |
| | | porion || fireman in coal mine |
| | |- |
| | | portageur || toter, carrier |
| | |- |
| | | porte-auge || hod carrier |
| | |- |
| | | porteballe || pedlar, packman |
| | |- |
| | | porte-étendard || standard bearer, coronet |
| | |- |
| | | portefaix || porter, street porter |
| | |- |
| | | porteflambeau || torchbearer, linkman |
| | |- |
| | | porte-masse || mace bearer |
| | |- |
| | | poseur || one who lays down stones |
| | |- |
| | | posticheur || wig maker |
| | |- |
| | | postier || post office employee |
| | |- |
| | | potard || chemist's clerk |
| | |- |
| | | poudrier || gunpowder maker |
| | |- |
| | | pouldiller || poulterer |
| | |- |
| | | pousse-cailloux || footslogger, infantryman |
| | |- |
| | | précepteur || tutor, teacher |
| | |- |
| | | prêcheur || preacher |
| | |- |
| | | premier-né || firstborn |
| | |- |
| | | prêteur || lender |
| | |- |
| | | prêteur sur gages || pawnbroker |
| | |- |
| | | prêtre || priest |
| | |- |
| | | prêtresse || priestess |
| | |- |
| | | prévôt de salle d'armes || fencing master's assistant |
| | |- |
| | | prévot des marchands || provost of the guilds |
| | |- |
| | | prieur || prior (superior of a covenant) |
| | |- |
| | | priseur || snuff taker |
| | |- |
| | | prochain || neighbor |
| | |- |
| | | procureur de la République || public prosecutor |
| | |- |
| | | procureur général || attorney general |
| | |- |
| | | propriétaire || landholder |
| | |- |
| | | prosateur || prose writer |
| | |- |
| | | protuteur || acting guardian |
| | |- |
| | | proviseur || headmaster |
| | |- |
| | | pugiliste || boxer, fighter |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====R==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | radoubeur || ship repairer, caulker |
| | |- |
| | | raffineur || sugar refiner |
| | |- |
| | | ramasseur || gatherer, collector |
| | |- |
| | | rapetasseur || piercer, patcher, cobbler |
| | |- |
| | | ravaudeur || mender |
| | |- |
| | | rebrousseur || striker (of skins) |
| | |- |
| | | recenseur || census taker, enumerator |
| | |- |
| | | receveur des postes || postmaster |
| | |- |
| | | rédacteur || writer, clerk, editor |
| | |- |
| | | redresseur de torts || knight-errant |
| | |- |
| | | rédacteur gérant || managing editor |
| | |- |
| | | refouloir || rammer (of a gun) |
| | |- |
| | | regleur || regulator (of clocks), one who rules |
| | |- |
| | | regrattier || huckster, dealer in vegetables and cheese |
| | |- |
| | | réhabilleur || mender (furniture) |
| | |- |
| | | reître || Germa horse soldier |
| | |- |
| | | renardier || fox catcher |
| | |- |
| | | rentier || renter |
| | |- |
| | | repasseur de couteaux || knife grinder |
| | |- |
| | | répétiteur || private teacher, coach, chorus master |
| | |- |
| | | requérant || plaintiff, applicant |
| | |- |
| | | résignataire || resignee |
| | |- |
| | | résinier || resin tapper |
| | |- |
| | | riboteur || tippler, boozer |
| | |- |
| | | rimeur || rhymer, versifier |
| | |- |
| | | robin || lawyer |
| | |- |
| | | robinetier || brass smith |
| | |- |
| | | rocailleur || rockwork maker |
| | |- |
| | | rochassier || rock climber |
| | |- |
| | | rôdeur || prowler, vagrant |
| | |- |
| | | romancier || novelist |
| | |- |
| | | ronchonnot || old retired officer |
| | |- |
| | | rosiériste || rose grower |
| | |- |
| | | rôtisseur || cook shop keeper |
| | |- |
| | | rouleur || traveling journeyman |
| | |- |
| | | roulier || wagoner, carter, carrier |
| | |- |
| | | rubanier || ribbon maker or vendor |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====S==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | sabotier || sabot-maker, shoemaker |
| | |- |
| | | sabreur || swashbuckler, cavalry soldier |
| | |- |
| | | sacristine || vestry nun |
| | |- |
| | | saigneur || bleeder, blood letter |
| | |- |
| | | saleur || salter, curer |
| | |- |
| | | sandalier || sandal maker |
| | |- |
| | | sans-emploi || unemployed person |
| | |- |
| | | sans-filiste || wireless operator |
| | |- |
| | | sans-patrie || person without a country |
| | |- |
| | | sans-travail || unemployed person |
| | |- |
| | | sapeur || sapper |
| | |- |
| | | sapeur-telégraphiste || soldier of the signal corps |
| | |- |
| | | sardinier || sardine fisher or packer |
| | |- |
| | | sasseur || sifter, winnower |
| | |- |
| | | satineur || satiner, glazer |
| | |- |
| | | saucier || sauce maker, sauce setter |
| | |- |
| | | saunier || salt-maker, vendor |
| | |- |
| | | sauveteur || rescuer, lifeboat man |
| | |- |
| | | savant || scholar, scientist |
| | |- |
| | | savonnier || soap boiler, manufacturer |
| | |- |
| | | scrutateur || investigator |
| | |- |
| | | secouriste || qualified first aider |
| | |- |
| | | sectateur || follower, votary |
| | |- |
| | | seigneur || lord, nobleman |
| | |- |
| | | sellier || saddler |
| | |- |
| | | semainier || officer, monk, actor |
| | |- |
| | | séranceur || hackler |
| | |- |
| | | sergent-instructeur || drill sergeant |
| | |- |
| | | serger or sergier || serge weaver |
| | |- |
| | | serrurier || locksmith |
| | |- |
| | | sertisseur || setter, mounter |
| | |- |
| | | servreuse || dry nurse |
| | |- |
| | | sicaire || hired assassin |
| | |- |
| | | sioniste || zionist |
| | |- |
| | | siroteur || tippler |
| | |- |
| | | soiriste || drama critic |
| | |- |
| | | soldat réformé || invalid veteran |
| | |- |
| | | sommelier || butler, cellarman |
| | |- |
| | | soudard || old soldier, mercenary |
| | |- |
| | | souffleur de verre || glass blower |
| | |- |
| | | sous-bibliothécaire || assistant librarian |
| | |- |
| | | sous-chef || deputy head clerk or manager |
| | |- |
| | | sous-commissaire || undercommissary, assistant paymaster |
| | |- |
| | | souscripteur || subscriber, underwriter |
| | |- |
| | | souscrivant || underwriter |
| | |- |
| | | sous-diacre || subdeacon |
| | |- |
| | | sous-directeur || submanager |
| | |- |
| | | sous-économe || subtreasurer |
| | |- |
| | | sous-fermier || under-lessee |
| | |- |
| | | sous-governeur || deputy-governor |
| | |- |
| | | sous-intendant || deputy-commissary |
| | |- |
| | | sous-lieutenant || second lieutenant |
| | |- |
| | | sous-lieutenant aviateur || pilot officer |
| | |- |
| | | sous-Jocataire || undertenant, subtenant |
| | |- |
| | | sous-officier || noncommissioned officer |
| | |- |
| | | sous-préfet || subprefect, under-sheriff |
| | |- |
| | | sous-secrétaire || under-secretary |
| | |- |
| | | statuaire || sculptor of statues |
| | |- |
| | | stockiste || warehouseman or agent |
| | |- |
| | | sucrier || sugar maker, vendor |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====T==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | taillandier || edge tool maker |
| | |- |
| | | tailleur d'habits || tailor |
| | |- |
| | | tailleur de pierre || stone cutter |
| | |- |
| | | talonnier || heel maker |
| | |- |
| | | tamiseur || sifter |
| | |- |
| | | tamisier || sieve maker or vendor |
| | |- |
| | | tâteur || feeler, taster, waverer |
| | |- |
| | | taupier || mole catcher |
| | |- |
| | | tavernier || tavern keeper |
| | |- |
| | | taxateur || taxer, assessor |
| | |- |
| | | teilleur or tilleur || scutcher |
| | |- |
| | | teinturier || dyer |
| | |- |
| | | tendeur || setter of snares |
| | |- |
| | | teneur de livres || bookkeeper |
| | |- |
| | | theatin || theatine (monk) |
| | |- |
| | | timbreur || stamper |
| | |- |
| | | timonier || steersman, helmsman |
| | |- |
| | | tirailleur || sharpshooter, skirmisher |
| | |- |
| | | tireur || marksman, rifleman |
| | |- |
| | | tisserand || weaver |
| | |- |
| | | tisseur || weaver |
| | |- |
| | | titulaire || titular, incumbent, bearer |
| | |- |
| | | toilier || dealer in linen, manufacturer of linen |
| | |- |
| | | toiseur || measurer, quantity surveyor |
| | |- |
| | | tôlier || manufacturer of sheet-iron |
| | |- |
| | | tombeur || housebreaker, demolition worker |
| | |- |
| | | tondeur de drap || cloth shearer |
| | |- |
| | | tonsuré || cleric, priest |
| | |- |
| | | tordeur || twister (silk) |
| | |- |
| | | tourbier || peat worker, runner of peat bog |
| | |- |
| | | tourier || monk or non attending the turn box |
| | |- |
| | | toumasseur || thrower of pottery |
| | |- |
| | | traitant || tax farmer |
| | |- |
| | | traiteur || restaurant keeper, caterer |
| | |- |
| | | traqueur || beater (in hunting) |
| | |- |
| | | travailleur || worker, labourer |
| | |- |
| | | trayeur || milker |
| | |- |
| | | treillageur or treillagiste || trellis maker or vendor of lattice |
| | |- |
| | | trempeur || temperer, whetter |
| | |- |
| | | trésorier || treasurer |
| | |- |
| | | tresseur || plaiter, braider |
| | |- |
| | | tricoteur || knitter |
| | |- |
| | | trieur || sorter, picker |
| | |- |
| | | trimardeur || tramp, vagabond workman |
| | |- |
| | | tringlot || trooper in the baggage train |
| | |- |
| | | tripotier || gaming house keeper |
| | |- |
| | | trouveur || discoverer, inventor |
| | |- |
| | | tulliste || tulle maker or seller |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====U==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | urbaniste || city designer, town planner |
| | |- |
| | | usinier || manufacturer, millowner |
| | |- |
| | | usurier || usurer |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====V==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | vaguemestre || baggage master |
| | |- |
| | | vandevilliste || vaudeville writer |
| | |- |
| | | vannier || basket maker |
| | |- |
| | | veilleur de nuit || night watchman |
| | |- |
| | | velite || light armed soldier, skirmisher |
| | |- |
| | | veloutier || velvet weaver |
| | |- |
| | | vendeur || vendor, seller, salesperson |
| | |- |
| | | verdurier || greengrocer |
| | |- |
| | | vergetier || brush maker |
| | |- |
| | | vérificateur || verifier, examiner, inspector |
| | |- |
| | | verrier || glass maker |
| | |- |
| | | vicaire général || vicar-general |
| | |- |
| | | vice-gérant || deputy manager |
| | |- |
| | | vice-reine || wife of viceroy |
| | |- |
| | | vice-roi || viceroy |
| | |- |
| | | vidame || vidame (minor noble) |
| | |- |
| | | vidangeur || nightman, scavenger |
| | |- |
| | | vieux troupier || old campaigner |
| | |- |
| | | vigie || look-ut man |
| | |- |
| | | vigneron || wine-dresser, wine grower |
| | |- |
| | | vignettiste || vignette engraver |
| | |- |
| | | vilain || village peasant |
| | |- |
| | | vinaigrier || vinegar maker, merchant |
| | |- |
| | | viseur || aimer (artillery) |
| | |- |
| | | viticulteur || vine grower |
| | |- |
| | | vitrier || glass maker, glazier |
| | |- |
| | | vivandier || sutler, canteen manager |
| | |- |
| | | voilier || sail maker, sailer |
| | |- |
| | | voleur || thief, robber |
| | |- |
| | | voltigeur || light infantry soldier, rifleman |
| | |- |
| | | voué || one who vows |
| | |- |
| | | voyageur || traveller |
| | |- |
| | | vrillier || gimlet maker |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====W==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | wattman || tram driver |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====X==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | xylographe || xylographer, wood engraver |
| | |} |
| | |
| | ====Z==== |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! French !! English |
| | |- |
| | | zingueur || zinc worker |
| | |} |
| | |
| | == References == |
| | |
| | {{reflist}} |
| | |
| | [[Category:France]] |
| | [[Category:Business and Occupations]] |