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{{ | {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|Country=Barbados | ||
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|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |Records=Emigration and Immigration | ||
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| link5=[[Barbados Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | | link5=[[Barbados Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
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==How to Find the Records== | ==How to Find the Records== | ||
===Online Resources=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
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Many European immigrants came to Barbados in the 19th and early 20th centuries: the French, Germans, Austrians, Greeks, Italians, Portuguese and Russians emigrated to the island to escape World War II and the Cold war. | Many European immigrants came to Barbados in the 19th and early 20th centuries: the French, Germans, Austrians, Greeks, Italians, Portuguese and Russians emigrated to the island to escape World War II and the Cold war. | ||
In the years that followed other groups of Europeans, East Indians, and a small number of Asians developed their own communities in Barbados in the late 20th century.< | In the years that followed other groups of Europeans, East Indians, and a small number of Asians developed their own communities in Barbados in the late 20th century.<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
Many Barbadians now live overseas and outside of Barbados; the majority have migrated to Anglophone countries, including 37,780 Barbadians in Canada, some 19,000 in the United Kingdom, around 65,000 in the United States and some 500–1,000 Barbadians in Liberia. In addition to Anglophone countries other groups of Barbadians have moved to Latin countries including Brazil, Cuba and Panama.< | Many Barbadians now live overseas and outside of Barbados; the majority have migrated to Anglophone countries, including 37,780 Barbadians in Canada, some 19,000 in the United Kingdom, around 65,000 in the United States and some 500–1,000 Barbadians in Liberia. In addition to Anglophone countries other groups of Barbadians have moved to Latin countries including Brazil, Cuba and Panama.<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
===Published Sources=== | ===Published Sources=== | ||
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A standard work on early Barbados immigrants, which includes some passenger lists from the 1630s, is now also widely available on the Internet: | A standard work on early Barbados immigrants, which includes some passenger lists from the 1630s, is now also widely available on the Internet: | ||
*Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] and [https://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{ | *Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books] and [https://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|1055287|item}} 973 W2hot 1983 | ||
Brandow published an addendum to Hotten's work: | Brandow published an addendum to Hotten's work: | ||
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[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] has published several volumes of English records that identify, among other American immigrants, those destined for Barbados. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). | [[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] has published several volumes of English records that identify, among other American immigrants, those destined for Barbados. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|1210004|item}} CD-ROM no. 2150. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|658375|item}} 942.41/B2 W2c; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados] (Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|773852|item}} CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. | ||
Cooper published a study of [[Cornwall, England|Cornish]] emigrants to Barbados 1634-1659: | Cooper published a study of [[Cornwall, England|Cornish]] emigrants to Barbados 1634-1659: | ||
*Cooper, Cliff. "Barbados Connection," ''Journal of the Cornwall Family History Society'', Vol. 79 (Mar. 1996). {{ | *Cooper, Cliff. "Barbados Connection," ''Journal of the Cornwall Family History Society'', Vol. 79 (Mar. 1996). {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|887014|item}} 942.37 B2cf | ||
A collection labeled "Apprenticeship Indentures" for Lyme Regis Borough, held at the Dorset Record Office (Dorchester, England), identifies several English indentured servants shipped to Barbados and other American colonies in the 1680s (Reference DC/LR/M/9). Murphy published an abstract: | A collection labeled "Apprenticeship Indentures" for Lyme Regis Borough, held at the Dorset Record Office (Dorchester, England), identifies several English indentured servants shipped to Barbados and other American colonies in the 1680s (Reference DC/LR/M/9). Murphy published an abstract: | ||
*Murphy, Nathan W. "‘To be sent to America,’ Indentured Servants Registered at Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, 1683-1689,” ''Genealogists’ Magazine,'' Vol. 29, No. 3 (September 2007): 101-102. {{ | *Murphy, Nathan W. "‘To be sent to America,’ Indentured Servants Registered at Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, 1683-1689,” ''Genealogists’ Magazine,'' Vol. 29, No. 3 (September 2007): 101-102. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|434342|item}} 942 B2gm v. 29, no. 3 (Sept. 2007); these immigrants are included in the free online [http://www.pricegen.com/immigrantservants/search/simple.php/search/simpleResults.php?keywords=Lyme Immigrant Servants Database]. | ||
==== English Ships ==== | ==== English Ships ==== | ||
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''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Online] - free. | ''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Online] - free. | ||
Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Barbados are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{ | Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to Barbados are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|504033|item|disp=FS Library British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website]. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website]. | ||
=== African Immigrants === | === African Immigrants === | ||
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=== Irish Immigrants === | === Irish Immigrants === | ||
In their genealogical article on Irish settlers of Barbados, Radford and White conclude that [[Barbados Probate Records|Barbados probate records]] offer the most likely prospects of connecting a Barbadian back to the Emerald Isle.< | In their genealogical article on Irish settlers of Barbados, Radford and White conclude that [[Barbados Probate Records|Barbados probate records]] offer the most likely prospects of connecting a Barbadian back to the Emerald Isle.<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
Sheppard wrote a history of the Irish in Barbados. Many of the Irish were indentured servants brought to labor in sugar plantations. Because their pale skin burned red in the tropical climate, they were dubbed "redlegs" by the English. | Sheppard wrote a history of the Irish in Barbados. Many of the Irish were indentured servants brought to labor in sugar plantations. Because their pale skin burned red in the tropical climate, they were dubbed "redlegs" by the English. | ||
*Sheppard, Jill. ''The "Redlegs" of Barbados, Their Origins and History''. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1977. {{ | *Sheppard, Jill. ''The "Redlegs" of Barbados, Their Origins and History''. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1977. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|124667|item}} 972.981 H6s | ||
=== Scottish Immigrants === | === Scottish Immigrants === | ||
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David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For Barbados connections, see: | David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For Barbados connections, see: | ||
*Dobson, David. ''Barbados and Scotland Links, 1627-1877''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2005. {{ | *Dobson, David. ''Barbados and Scotland Links, 1627-1877''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2005. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|1210311|disp=FS Library book 972.981 W2d}}; online at [https://archive.org/details/barbadosscotland00dobs Internet Archive]. | ||
*Dobson, David. ''Scots in the West Indies, 1707-1857''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 1998-2006. {{ | *Dobson, David. ''Scots in the West Indies, 1707-1857''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 1998-2006. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|816520|disp=FS Library book 972.9 W2d}}; online at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5110/ Ancestry] ($). | ||
=== Emigration === | === Emigration === | ||
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=== North American Emigrants === | === North American Emigrants === | ||
The constant arrival of shiploads of African, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh immigrants during the colonial period quickly led to overcrowding on this tiny island. Many people left to seek brighter futures on the North American mainland in colonies such as [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]], [[Virginia Genealogy|Virginia]], [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]],< | The constant arrival of shiploads of African, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh immigrants during the colonial period quickly led to overcrowding on this tiny island. Many people left to seek brighter futures on the North American mainland in colonies such as [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]], [[Virginia Genealogy|Virginia]], [[Pennsylvania Genealogy|Pennsylvania]],<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> and [[Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]. Genealogists often encounter references to Barbados in colonial American sources. Published [[Barbados Genealogy#Bibliography|Barbados genealogies]] identify many such emigrants. | ||
Unfortunately, lists of individuals leaving Barbados for the American continent are almost non-existent for the early period, with one noted exception: | Unfortunately, lists of individuals leaving Barbados for the American continent are almost non-existent for the early period, with one noted exception: | ||
*"List of tickets granted to people leaving the island in 1679" is kept at the [[Barbados Archives and Libraries|Barbados Department of Archives]]. The collection has been microfilmed: {{ | *"List of tickets granted to people leaving the island in 1679" is kept at the [[Barbados Archives and Libraries|Barbados Department of Archives]]. The collection has been microfilmed: {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|35200|item}} 1162149 Item 1 | ||
In 1664, a "group of Barbadians joined in an agreement to settle in Carolina." In the twentieth century, this document was kept in the South Carolina Historical Society Collection (reference V/29).< | In 1664, a "group of Barbadians joined in an agreement to settle in Carolina." In the twentieth century, this document was kept in the South Carolina Historical Society Collection (reference V/29).<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
A list of persons seeking [[United States Passports|passports]] to travel from [[New York Genealogy|New York]] to Barbados and other West Indian destinations for the year 1812 survives at the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives and Records Administration]] (Washington, D.C.) and has been published: | A list of persons seeking [[United States Passports|passports]] to travel from [[New York Genealogy|New York]] to Barbados and other West Indian destinations for the year 1812 survives at the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives and Records Administration]] (Washington, D.C.) and has been published: | ||
*Scott, Kenneth. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/british-aliens-in-the-united-states-during-the-war-of-1812/oclc/5711802 British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812.]'' Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979, 382-383. {{ | *Scott, Kenneth. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/british-aliens-in-the-united-states-during-the-war-of-1812/oclc/5711802 British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812.]'' Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979, 382-383. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|78653|item}} 973 W4s; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($). | ||
Several histories chronicle these Atlantic World links: | Several histories chronicle these Atlantic World links: | ||
*Alleyne, Warren and Henry Fraser. ''The Barbados-Carolina Connection''. London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1988. {{ | *Alleyne, Warren and Henry Fraser. ''The Barbados-Carolina Connection''. London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1988. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|428472|item}} 972.981 H2a | ||
*Kent, David L. ''Barbados and America''. Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980. {{ | *Kent, David L. ''Barbados and America''. Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|316574|item|disp=FS Library Book 972.981 X2b}}. | ||
In the seventeenth century, residents of [[Bergen County, New Jersey Genealogy|Bergen County, New Jersey]] named a town "New Barbados." | In the seventeenth century, residents of [[Bergen County, New Jersey Genealogy|Bergen County, New Jersey]] named a town "New Barbados." | ||
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Marler attempted to identify Barbados "Redbone" surnames present in Louisiana: | Marler attempted to identify Barbados "Redbone" surnames present in Louisiana: | ||
*Marler, Don C. ''Redbones of Louisiana: For 200 Years Redbones Have Been Louisiana's Mystery People''. Hemphill, Texas: Dogwood Press, 2003. {{ | *Marler, Don C. ''Redbones of Louisiana: For 200 Years Redbones Have Been Louisiana's Mystery People''. Hemphill, Texas: Dogwood Press, 2003. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|1115655|item}} 976.3 F2md | ||
Genealogists attempting to track migrations from the British Isles to Barbados to Colonial North America, will be best served by attempting to find mention to an ancestor in other types of Barbados records, such as a [[Barbados Census|census]] or census substitute, [[Barbados Church Records|parish register]], or [[Barbados Probate Records|will]]. | Genealogists attempting to track migrations from the British Isles to Barbados to Colonial North America, will be best served by attempting to find mention to an ancestor in other types of Barbados records, such as a [[Barbados Census|census]] or census substitute, [[Barbados Church Records|parish register]], or [[Barbados Probate Records|will]]. | ||
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Many [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]] indentured servants, after failing to secure land following their labor terms, left the island for [[Jamaica Genealogy|Jamaica]], see:<br> | Many [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]] indentured servants, after failing to secure land following their labor terms, left the island for [[Jamaica Genealogy|Jamaica]], see:<br> | ||
*Williams, Joseph J. ''Whence the "Black Irish" of Jamaica?'' New York, N.Y.: Dial Press, 1932. {{ | *Williams, Joseph J. ''Whence the "Black Irish" of Jamaica?'' New York, N.Y.: Dial Press, 1932. {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|1030045|item}} 972.92 W2w | ||
=== Central American Emigrants === | === Central American Emigrants === | ||
More Barbadians were employed by the Isthmian Canal Commission of the United States in building the Panama Canal than any other nationality. Records of two-year work indentures survive documenting thousands of these short-term migrants. Many Barbadians also participated in the French failed attempt to build the canal in the 1880s, but fewer records survive.< | More Barbadians were employed by the Isthmian Canal Commission of the United States in building the Panama Canal than any other nationality. Records of two-year work indentures survive documenting thousands of these short-term migrants. Many Barbadians also participated in the French failed attempt to build the canal in the 1880s, but fewer records survive.<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*{{ | *{{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>|337216|subject_id|disp=Barbados - Emigration and Immigration}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
< | <span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span> | ||
{{ | {{<span class="error">Expansion depth limit exceeded</span>}} | ||
[[Category:Barbados]] | [[Category:Barbados]] | ||
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