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◄ [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/The_Netherlands Netherlands Homepage] <br> | ◄ [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/The_Netherlands Netherlands Homepage] <br>Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of the Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often used to refer to the whole of the Netherlands, although this is not formally correct. From the 10th century to the 16th century it was a unified political region, a county ruled by the Count of Holland. By the 17th century, Holland had risen to become a maritime and economic power, dominating the other provinces of the Dutch Republic. Today, the former County of Holland consists of the two Dutch provinces of North Holland and South Holland. | ||
Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of the Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often used to refer to the whole of the Netherlands, although this is not formally correct. From the 10th century to the 16th century it was a unified political region, a county ruled by the Count of Holland. By the 17th century, Holland had risen to become a maritime and economic power, dominating the other provinces of the Dutch Republic. Today, the former County of Holland consists of the two Dutch provinces of North Holland and South Holland. | |||
<br>Effective family research requires some understanding of the historical events that may have affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, governments, laws, migrations, and religious trends may help you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records such as land and military documents that mention your family. | |||
Effective family research requires some understanding of the historical events that may have affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, governments, laws, migrations, and religious trends may help you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. These events may have led to the creation of records such as land and military documents that mention your family. | |||
Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events they may have participated in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married. | Your ancestors will become more interesting to you if you also use histories to learn about the events they may have participated in. For example, by using a history you might learn about the events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married. | ||
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In the 18th century there was a definite decline in the trades and industry. This, in turn, caused high unemployment, and public assistance became a burden. Town governments sought to combat the problem through various statutes aimed at curtailing the movement of the poor. | In the 18th century there was a definite decline in the trades and industry. This, in turn, caused high unemployment, and public assistance became a burden. Town governments sought to combat the problem through various statutes aimed at curtailing the movement of the poor. | ||
== Timeline == | == Timeline == | ||
Below are some key dates and events in the history of the Netherlands. | Below are some key dates and events in the history of the Netherlands. | ||
'''1st cent. BC''' | '''1st cent. BC''' The area's first inhabitants - Frisians, Batavians, and other tribes - settle the coastal territory along the Rhine River. The Batavians become allies of Rome. | ||
'''814''' | '''814''' On the death of Charlemagne, the Frankish emperor of the West and conqueror of the Saxons and Frisians, his empire is divided. The Low Countries become part of Lotharingia, squeezed between the German lands and France. | ||
'''10th century''' | '''10th century''' The counts of Holland and Zeeland and the bishopric of Utrecht begin to gain greater control of their own affairs. | ||
'''1421''' | '''1421''' A storm on St. Elizabeth's Day breaks dikes along the Maas and Waal rivers, causing a flood that drowns 10,000 people. | ||
'''1506''' | '''1506''' The Netherlands is inherited by the future Habsburg Emperor and King of Spain Charles V. | ||
'''1555''' | '''1555''' Philip II of Spain sends the duke of Alba to the Low Countries to confront the Protestant Reformation. | ||
'''1576''' The provinces of Holland and Zeeland were unified. The 17 provinces of the Netherlands (north and south) were also unified into what was called the Pacification of Ghent. | '''1576''' The provinces of Holland and Zeeland were unified. The 17 provinces of the Netherlands (north and south) were also unified into what was called the Pacification of Ghent. | ||
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'''early 17th c.''' Jewish refugees from Spain and Portugal begin to arrive in the Netherlands. | '''early 17th c.''' Jewish refugees from Spain and Portugal begin to arrive in the Netherlands. | ||
'''1606''' Birth of Rembrandt. | '''1606''' Birth of Rembrandt. | ||
'''1609''' Henry Hudson's voyage to the Americas. <br> | |||
An interesting web-site is: [http://international.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/awkbhome.html/ The Atlantic World: America and the Netherlands] | |||
'''1620''' Pilgrims left Netherlands, landed in Massachusetts. | '''1620''' Pilgrims left Netherlands, landed in Massachusetts. | ||
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'''1624''' Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel created world's first submarine. | '''1624''' Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel created world's first submarine. | ||
<br>'''1626''' Peter Minuit "purchases" Manhattan Island from the Manhattoes Native Americans for the equivalent of $24, legalizing the Nieuw Amsterdam settlement founded the previous year at the mouth of the Hudson River. In 1664 it was renamed New York by the English. | |||
'''1626''' | |||
'''1630 - 1654''' Dutch conquered Brazil. | '''1630 - 1654''' Dutch conquered Brazil. | ||
'''1642-1643''' | '''1642-1643''' Navigator Abel Tasman is the first European to reach Tasmania and New Zealand. | ||
'''1614-1664''' [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] Colony settled in North America from Cape Cod to Virginia. Taken over by the English at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. | '''1614-1664''' [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] Colony settled in North America from Cape Cod to Virginia. Taken over by the English at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. | ||
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'''1672''' King Louis XIV of France invaded Netherlands; sluices opened in Holland to save Amsterdam from French. | '''1672''' King Louis XIV of France invaded Netherlands; sluices opened in Holland to save Amsterdam from French. | ||
'''1685 ''' Edict of Nantes (a decree issued by Henry IV of France in 1598 that gave political equality to the Huguenots) was revoked. Consequently, there was a heavy influx of Huguenots into the Netherlands (by 1686 there were 75,000), resulting in the founding of many French Reformed Church congregations. | '''1685 '''Edict of Nantes (a decree issued by Henry IV of France in 1598 that gave political equality to the Huguenots) was revoked. Consequently, there was a heavy influx of Huguenots into the Netherlands (by 1686 there were 75,000), resulting in the founding of many French Reformed Church congregations. | ||
'''1689''' Stadhouder William III and his wife, Mary, become king and queen of England. | '''1689''' Stadhouder William III and his wife, Mary, become king and queen of England. | ||
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'''1795''' The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was overthrown, and the Batavian Republic, patterned after the French republic, was established. Zeeuws Flanders, Flanders, and Dutch areas in Limburg were annexed to France. | '''1795''' The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was overthrown, and the Batavian Republic, patterned after the French republic, was established. Zeeuws Flanders, Flanders, and Dutch areas in Limburg were annexed to France. | ||
'''1805 ''' The Batavian Republic was dissolved, and the Kingdom of Holland was established, with Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, as king. | '''1805 '''The Batavian Republic was dissolved, and the Kingdom of Holland was established, with Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, as king. | ||
'''1810''' The Kingdom of Holland was dissolved, and the territory was annexed to the French Empire. | '''1810''' The Kingdom of Holland was dissolved, and the territory was annexed to the French Empire. | ||
'''1814''' French troops left the country. Prince Willem VI of Orange–Nassau became Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands. | '''1814''' French troops left the country. Prince Willem VI of Orange–Nassau became Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands. | ||
'''1815''' On 16 March 1815, the Congress of Vienna formed the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, (Prince Willem VI became King Willem I)by expanding the Netherlands, in order to create a strong country on the northern border of France. In addition, Willem became hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The Congress of Vienna gave Luxembourg to Willem as personal property in exchange for his German possessions. The former Southern (or Austrian) Netherlands became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which later became Belgium. | '''1815''' On 16 March 1815, the Congress of Vienna formed the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, (Prince Willem VI became King Willem I)by expanding the Netherlands, in order to create a strong country on the northern border of France. In addition, Willem became hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The Congress of Vienna gave Luxembourg to Willem as personal property in exchange for his German possessions. The former Southern (or Austrian) Netherlands became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which later became Belgium. A new constitution was adopted at that time. | ||
A new constitution was adopted at that time. | |||
'''1831''' The people of the former Southern Netherlands rebelled and set up their own government. This was the beginning of the Kingdom of Belgium. | '''1831''' The people of the former Southern Netherlands rebelled and set up their own government. This was the beginning of the Kingdom of Belgium. | ||
'''1839 ''' Belgium was recognized as an independent nation, and border disputes were resolved. Limburg became a province of the Netherlands. | '''1839 '''Belgium was recognized as an independent nation, and border disputes were resolved. Limburg became a province of the Netherlands. | ||
'''1840 ''' The province of Noord–Holland was created by a division of the province of Holland. The remaining part of the province of Holland later came to be known as Zuid–Holland. | '''1840 '''The province of Noord–Holland was created by a division of the province of Holland. The remaining part of the province of Holland later came to be known as Zuid–Holland. | ||
'''1890''' Death by suicide of van Gogh. | '''1890''' Death by suicide of van Gogh. | ||
'''1917''' Despite Dutch neutrality in World War I (1914-18), the Netherlands suffers from severe food shortages. | '''1917''' Despite Dutch neutrality in World War I (1914-18), the Netherlands suffers from severe food shortages. | ||
'''1920''' Dutch airline KLM launches the world's first scheduled air service, between Amsterdam and London. | '''1920''' Dutch airline KLM launches the world's first scheduled air service, between Amsterdam and London. | ||
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'''1980''' Queen Juliana abdicates, and her eldest daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne. | '''1980''' Queen Juliana abdicates, and her eldest daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne. | ||
'''2004''' The former Queen Juliana dies. | '''2004''' The former Queen Juliana dies. | ||
== Histories at the Family History Library == | == Histories at the Family History Library == | ||
The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for the Netherlands. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under one of the following: | The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for the Netherlands. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under one of the following: | ||
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The last areas adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1700 and 1701. In the province of Gelderland the Gregorian calendar was adopted 30 June 1700 (omitting 1 July through 11 July 1700), in Utrecht and Overijssel on 30 November 1700 (omitting 1 December through 11 December 1700), in Friesland and Groningen on 31 December 1700 (omitting 1 January through 11 January 1701), and in Drenthe on 30 April 1701 (omitting 1 May through 11 May 1701). | The last areas adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1700 and 1701. In the province of Gelderland the Gregorian calendar was adopted 30 June 1700 (omitting 1 July through 11 July 1700), in Utrecht and Overijssel on 30 November 1700 (omitting 1 December through 11 December 1700), in Friesland and Groningen on 31 December 1700 (omitting 1 January through 11 January 1701), and in Drenthe on 30 April 1701 (omitting 1 May through 11 May 1701). | ||
=== '''Double Dating''' === | === '''Double Dating''' === | ||
When an area changed from Julian to Gregorian calendars, the first day of the year changed to 1 January. Before the change the first day of the year was 25 March. Pre-change dates may be confusing. For example, before the change, 24 March 1565 was followed by 25 March 1566. Many researchers record dates between 1 January and 24 March with two years, using a technique called double dating. An example of a pre-change date using double dating is 16 February 1573/1574. | When an area changed from Julian to Gregorian calendars, the first day of the year changed to 1 January. Before the change the first day of the year was 25 March. Pre-change dates may be confusing. For example, before the change, 24 March 1565 was followed by 25 March 1566. Many researchers record dates between 1 January and 24 March with two years, using a technique called double dating. An example of a pre-change date using double dating is 16 February 1573/1574. | ||
=== '''Alternative Month Names''' === | === '''Alternative Month Names''' === | ||
Sometimes you will find these old Dutch names for the months of the year: | Sometimes you will find these old Dutch names for the months of the year: | ||
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| '''Dutch''' | | '''Dutch''' | ||