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{| | {{Tip|Understanding customs used in surnames and given names can help you identify your ancestors in records. Learn to recognize name variations and see clues in names. | ||
}} | |||
==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian Behind the Name: Latvian Surnames] | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian | *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/latvian Behind the Name: Latvian Given Names] | ||
*Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians make up around one third of Latvia's population. | *Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians make up around one third of Latvia's population. | ||
:*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian | :*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian Behind the Name: Russian Surnames] | ||
:*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian | :*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/russian Behind the Name: Russian Given Names] | ||
:*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/ukrainian | :*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/ukrainian Behind the Name: Ukrainian Surnames] | ||
:*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian | :*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian Behind the Name: Belarusian Surnames] | ||
:*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian | :*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/belarusian Behind the Name: Belarusian Given Names] | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname | *[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname FamilySearch's surname experience] - enter your last name to find its meaning and origin | ||
==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
*Latvian names, like in most European cultures, consist of two main elements: the given name (vārds) followed by family name (uzvārds). | *Latvian names, like in most European cultures, consist of two main elements: the given name (vārds) followed by family name (uzvārds). | ||
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:*e.g. Jelena GALANTE. | :*e.g. Jelena GALANTE. | ||
*Married women typically take their husband’s family name with the feminine ending: | *Married women typically take their husband’s family name with the feminine ending: | ||
:*e.g. the wife of Janis KALNINŠ would be Ilga KALNINA<ref>*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf | :*e.g. the wife of Janis KALNINŠ would be Ilga KALNINA<ref>*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf A Guide To Names and Naming Practices, UK Names Guide]</ref> | ||
*Most Latvian peasants received their surnames in 1826 (in Vidzeme), in 1835 (in Courland), and in 1866 (in Latgale). *Diminutives were the most common form of family names. Examples: Kalniņš/Kalniņa (small hill), Bērziņš/Bērziņa (small birch). | *Most Latvian peasants received their surnames in 1826 (in Vidzeme), in 1835 (in Courland), and in 1866 (in Latgale). *Diminutives were the most common form of family names. Examples: Kalniņš/Kalniņa (small hill), Bērziņš/Bērziņa (small birch). | ||
*During the times when Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, in official usage Latvian names were commonly Russified. In particular, it followed the three-part pattern of Russian names: given name, patronymic, family name. Also, the masculine endings of first names were often truncated. For example, poet Imants Ziedonis was officially called Imant Yanovich Ziedonis (Имант Янович Зиедонис) <ref name="lat"/> | *During the times when Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, in official usage Latvian names were commonly Russified. In particular, it followed the three-part pattern of Russian names: given name, patronymic, family name. Also, the masculine endings of first names were often truncated. For example, poet Imants Ziedonis was officially called Imant Yanovich Ziedonis (Имант Янович Зиедонис) <ref name="lat"/> | ||
===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ||
As Immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways. | |||
*Most of the time the surname spelling changed to accommodate the different phonetic spelling in the English language. In other words, the recorder tried to write the name the way he heard it. | |||
*Most of the time the surname spelling changed to accommodate the | |||
*Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | *Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | ||
*Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time | *Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time using English-language equivalents when dealing with local government, census takers, and other English speakers. | ||
*Different branches of the same family may adopt various surname spellings. | *Different branches of the same family may adopt various surname spellings. | ||
*Prior to 1900, formal surname changes documented in local court records are relatively rare. | *Prior to 1900, formal surname changes documented in local court records are relatively rare. | ||
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*Some names and their name days bear a connection with important holidays, for example, arguably one of the most important holidays, summer solstice, referred to as Jāņi starts on June 23 with Līgo diena (name day for females named Līga) and continues through June 24 or Jāņi – name day for males named Jānis. <ref name="lat"/> | *Some names and their name days bear a connection with important holidays, for example, arguably one of the most important holidays, summer solstice, referred to as Jāņi starts on June 23 with Līgo diena (name day for females named Līga) and continues through June 24 or Jāņi – name day for males named Jānis. <ref name="lat"/> | ||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf | *[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_day#Latvia | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_day#Latvia Name day: Latvia] in Wikipedia | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/379026-redirection | *[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/379026-redirection Latvia Personal Names (CIA)] | ||
===FamilySearch Library=== | ===FamilySearch Library=== | ||
Additional sources are listed in the | Additional sources are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog {{FSC|530656|subject_id|disp= Latvia - Names, Personal}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||