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=== Immigration  ===
=== Immigration  ===


==== English Immigrants  ====
The major port of entry to South Carolina was [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]]. Additional ports include [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]] and [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetown]].


The major port of entry to South Carolina was [[Charleston_County,_South_Carolina|Charleston]]. Additional ports include [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]] and [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetown]]. In lieu of official passenger lists regarding early settlers of South Carolina, genealogists must rely on evidence gleaned from a variety of sources to successfully trace immigrant origins.
Some early immigrant lists survive:


The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of South Carolina. For access, see [[South_Carolina_Probate_Records|South Carolina Probate Records]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.pricegen.com/english_genealogy.html Expert Links: English Family History and Genealogy] includes a concise list of visitations available online. Online archive catalogs, such as [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/ Access to Archives], can be keyword searched for place names, such as "South Carolina" and "Charleston," to retrieve manuscripts stored in hundreds of English archives relating to persons and landholdings in this former English colony. These types of records establish links between South Carolina residents and England, which can lead researchers back to their specific ancestral English towns, villages, and hamlets.  
*Revill, Janie. ''A Compilation of the Original Lists Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina, 1763-1773''. Columbia, S.C.: State Co., 1939. {{FHL|975.7 W2r}}; 1968 reprint: {{FHL|975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version of 1996 reprint at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806305991_originalimmigrantssc1763 World Vital Records] ($).


The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online (see discussion in [[South_Carolina_Public_Records|South Carolina Public Records]]), highlights many connections between England and South Carolina.  
In the eighteenth century, many immigrants petitioned for headright lands in the Colony of South Carolina, see:
 
*Holcomb, Brent H. ''Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Council Journals''. (1734-1774) 7 vols. Columbia, S.C.: SCMAR, 1996-1999. {{FHL|975.7 R2h v. 1}}
 
The Family History Library and the National Archives have fragmentary passenger lists for Charleston for 1820 to 1828 {{FHL|830232}} and for Port Royal for 1865 {{FHL|830245}}. A few arrivals at Charleston are included in an index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at miscellaneous southern ports from 1890 to 1924 {{FHL|1324938}}-{{FHL|1324963}}.
 
Customs records for the ports of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort are at the [[South Carolina Department of Archives and History]]. Several published records of pre-1900 immigrants are indexed in P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1981, 1985, 1986; {{FHL|973 W32p}}. Supplements are issued annually. There are cumulative indexes.


Three major immigration databases are:  
Three major immigration databases are:  
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#[http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]
#[http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]


Remnants of passenger lists and other substitute sources are discussed below.
==== English Immigrants  ====


In the eighteenth century, many immigrants petitioned for headright lands in the Colony of South Carolina, see:
In lieu of colonial passenger lists regarding early settlers of South Carolina, genealogists must rely on evidence gleaned from a variety of sources to successfully trace immigrant origins.


*Holcomb, Brent H. ''Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Council Journals''. (1734-1774) 7 vols. Columbia, S.C.: SCMAR, 1996-1999. {{FHL|975.7 R2h v. 1}}
The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of South Carolina. For access, see [[South Carolina Probate Records|South Carolina Probate Records]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.pricegen.com/english_genealogy.html Expert Links: English Family History and Genealogy] includes a concise list of visitations available online. Online archive catalogs, such as [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/ Access to Archives], can be keyword searched for place names, such as "South Carolina" and "Charleston," to retrieve manuscripts stored in hundreds of English archives relating to persons and landholdings in this former English colony. These types of records establish links between South Carolina residents and England, which can lead researchers back to their specific ancestral English towns, villages, and hamlets.  


The Family History Library and the National Archives have fragmentary passenger lists for Charleston for 1820 to 1828 {{FHL|830232}} and for Port Royal for 1865 {{FHL|830245}}. A few arrivals at Charleston are included in an index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at miscellaneous southern ports from 1890 to 1924 {{FHL|1324938}}-{{FHL|1324963}}.  
The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online (see discussion in [[South Carolina Public Records|South Carolina Public Records]]), highlights many connections between England and South Carolina.  


Customs records for the ports of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort are at the [[South Carolina Department of Archives and History]]. Several published records of pre-1900 immigrants are indexed in P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1981, 1985, 1986; {{FHL|973 W32p}}. Supplements are issued annually. There are cumulative indexes.  
Remnants of passenger lists and other substitute sources are discussed below.  


More detailed information on immigration sources is in the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]]. Records of other major ethnic groups, including French Huguenots, Ulster Scots, Jews, Quakers, and Catawba Indians exist.  
More detailed information on immigration sources is in the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]]. Records of other major ethnic groups, including French Huguenots, Ulster Scots, Jews, Quakers, and Catawba Indians exist.  


*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Migration to South Carolina, Movement from the New England and Mid-Atlantic States, 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2004. {{FHL|975.7 X2mm 1850}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc080635223_margaretpeckhammotes2004 World Vital Records] ($).  
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Migration to South Carolina, Movement from the New England and Mid-Atlantic States, 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2004. {{FHL|975.7 X2mm 1850}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc080635223_margaretpeckhammotes2004 World Vital Records] ($).  
*Revill, Janie. ''A Compilation of the Original Lists Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina, 1763-1773''. Columbia, S.C.: State Co., 1939. {{FHL|975.7 W2r}}; 1968 reprint: {{FHL|975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version of 1996 reprint at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806305991_originalimmigrantssc1763 World Vital Records] ($).
*Scott, Kenneth. ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. {{FHL|973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($). [Identifies many British immigrants living in Charleston during the War of 1812.]  
*Scott, Kenneth. ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. {{FHL|973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($). [Identifies many British immigrants living in Charleston during the War of 1812.]  
*Stephenson, Jean. ''Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772: Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers''. Strasburg, Va.: Shenandoah Publishing House, 1971. {{FHL|975.7 W2s}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806348321_scotch-irishsc World Vital Records] ($).


A standard work on early South Carolina immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet:  
A standard work on early South Carolina immigrants, which includes some passenger lists, is now also widely available on the Internet:  
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*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 1''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1986. {{FHL|975 F2d}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_directoryscottishnorthamerica1680-1830_vol1 World Vital Records] ($).  
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 1''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1986. {{FHL|975 F2d}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_directoryscottishnorthamerica1680-1830_vol1 World Vital Records] ($).  
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 2''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. Digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352310_directoryscotscarolinas_vol2 World Vital Records] ($).  
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 2''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. Digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352310_directoryscotscarolinas_vol2 World Vital Records] ($).  
Additional studies include:
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Irish Found in South Carolina 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2003. {{FHL|975.7 F2mm}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352035_margaretpeckhammotes World Vital Records] ($).
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Irish Found in South Carolina 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2003. {{FHL|975.7 F2mm}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352035_margaretpeckhammotes World Vital Records] ($).
*Stephenson, Jean. ''Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772: Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers''. Strasburg, Va.: Shenandoah Publishing House, 1971. {{FHL|975.7 W2s}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806348321_scotch-irishsc World Vital Records] ($).
==== German Immigrants  ====


The following internet site has potentially useful information: [http://www.germanroots.com/miscports/charleston.html German Roots] (Port of Charleston). 
The following internet site has potentially useful information: [http://www.germanroots.com/miscports/charleston.html German Roots] (Port of Charleston). 
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