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=== Language Characteristics  ===
==== Variant Forms of Words  ====
In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.
==== Gender  ====
Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, rex (king) is a masculine word, aetas (age) is a feminine word, and oppidum (town) is a neuter word.
Words that describe persons, places, or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in Latin you would write magnus rex (great king), magna aetas (great age), and magnum oppidum (large town).
This word list gives only the masculine form of adjectives. For example:
noster, nostra, nostrum (our) is listed as noster
magnus, magna, magnum (great, large) is listed as magnus
nobilis, nobile (noble, known) is listed as nobilis
Some words have both a male (-us) and female (-a) form, such as patrinus (godfather) and patrina (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word famulus (servant), you can conclude that famula is a female servant.
Similarly, this word list gives only natus est ("he was born"). You can conclude that nata est means "she was born." The plural form nati sunt means "they were born."
==== Plurals  ====
Plural forms of Latin words usually end in -i, -ae, or -es. Thus patrinus (godfather) becomes patrini (godparents), filia (daughter) becomes filiae (daughters), and pater (father) becomes patres (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality.
==== Grammatical Use  ====
The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings.
If you do not find a Latin word in this list with the same ending as the word in your Latin document, find a similar ending in the examples below to see how the word in your document is used:
{| width="100%"
|-
| '''Latin'''
| '''English'''
|-
| filius
| son
|-
| (pater) filii
| (father) of the son
|-
| (baptizavi) filium
| (I baptized the) son
|-
| (ex) filio
| (from) the son
|-
| vidua
| widow
|-
| (filius) viduae
| (son) of the widow
|-
| (sepelivi) viduam
| (I buried the) widow
|-
| (ex) vidua
| (from) the widow
|-
| pater
| father
|-
| (filius) patris
| (son) of the father
|-
| (sepelivi) patrem
| (I buried the) father
|-
| (ex) patre
| (from) the father
|}
Other noun endings change as follows to show possession:
-as may change to -atis
-ns may change to -ntis
-or may change to -oris
-tio may change to -tionis
Example: sartor (tailor) changes to sartoris (of the tailor)
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who is doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. For example, the Latin word baptizare (to baptize) will appear with various endings:
{| width="100%"
|-
|
| '''Present'''
| '''Past'''
|-
|
| ''baptize''
| ''have baptized, baptized''
|-
| (I)
| baptizo
| baptizavi, baptizabam
|-
| (he)
| baptizat
| baptizavit, baptizabat
|-
| (they)
| baptizant
| baptizaverunt, baptizabant
|-
|
|-
|
| ''is baptized''
| ''was baptized''
|-
| (he/she)
| baptizatur
| baptizatus/baptizata est
|}




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