Poland Languages: Difference between revisions

Poland Languages (view source)

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 For help in understanding name variations, see [[Poland Names, Personal|Personal Names]].
-=== Alphabet  ===
-Aa Ąą Bb Cc Ćć Dd Ee Ęę Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Łł Mm Nn Ńń Oo Óó Pp Rr Ss Śś Tt Uu Ww Yy Zz Źź Żż
-The letters q, v and x are also used, but only for foreign names or words.
 === Pronunciation Guide  ===
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 Polish records often contain Latin and German words. See the [[German Word List|German Genealogical Word List]], and the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]]. Or at the following link:http://204.9.225.220/eng/Search/rg/frameset_rhelps.asp?Page=./research/type/Word_List.asp
-=== Language Characteristics  ===
-Polish words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe them must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings, for example:
-stary mąż-- old man
-stara kobieta-- old woman
-stare miasto-- old city
-The endings of past tense verbs also change depending on the gender of the person or thing being described or performing the action. For example:
-umarł -- he died
-umarła-- she died
-umarło-- it [the child] died
-==== Variant Forms of Words  ====
-In Polish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Polish any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Polish word. As you read Polish records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage.
-The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list. For example, the document may use the word starego (old), but you will find it in this word list as stary (old).
-Certain endings, called genitive, give the meaning "of" to a word. The following endings are typical:
-Nouns Endings Adjectives
--a (masculine) -ego
--y or -i (feminine) -ej
--ów (plural) -ich or -ych
-Thus, ojciec zmarłego means "father of the deceased."
-Plural forms of Polish words usually change the singular word as follows:
-Words ending in -a change to -y
-Words ending in -o change to -a
-A -y or -i is added to form the plural
-The plural form may change the basic word, for example:
-{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
-|-
-| Singular
-| Plural
-|-
-| miasto =city
-| miasta= cities
-|-
-| powiat =district
-| powiaty =districts
-|-
-| brat= brother
-| bracia =brothers
-|-
-| żona=wife
-| żony=wives
-|}
 === Additional Resources  ===