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POLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES  
POLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES  


=== Key Words  ===


To find and use specific types of Polish records, you will need to know some key words in Polish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Polish words with the same or similar meanings.


For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Polish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used to indicate marriage.


For a full genealogical word list, visit [[Polish Genealogical Word List|Polish Genealogical Word List]].


{| width="65%" class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
| '''English'''
| '''Polish'''
|-
| birth
| urodzin, urodzony, urodził się, zrodzony
|-
| burial
| pogrzeb, pochówek
|-
| Catholic
| katolicki, rzymsko-katolicki
|-
| child
| dziecię, dziecko
|-
| christening
| chrzest, chrzciny, ochrzczone
|-
| death(s)
| zgon(ów), zejść, umarł , zmarł , śmierć (śmierci)
|-
| father
| ojciec
|-
| husband
| mąż, małżonek
|-
| index
| indeks, skorowidz, register, spis
|-
| Jewish
| żydowski, starozakonny, izraelici, mojżeszowy
|-
| marriage
| małżenstw(o), ślub(ów), zaślubionych
|-
| marriage banns
| zapowiedzi
|-
| mother
| matka
|-
| name, given
| imię, imion
|-
| name, surname
| nazwisko
|-
| parents
| rodzice
|-
| parish
| parafia
|-
| Protestant
| ewangelicki, reformowany, protestancki, luterański
|-
| wife
| żona, małżonka, zamęża, kobieta
|-
| year
| rok, lat
|}


<br>
=== Numbers  ===
In many genealogical records, numbers— especially dates—are spelled out. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) numbers. Dates are written in ordinal form. In dates, ordinal numbers usually end with '''''-ego''''', for example:
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="40%" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
| pierwszy
| the first
|-
| pierwszego
| on the first (of the month)
|}
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="10" width="432" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|
| '''Cardinal'''
|
| '''Ordinal'''
|-
| align="right" | 1 <br>2 <br>3 <br>4 <br>5 <br>6 <br>7 <br>8 <br>9 <br>10 <br>11 <br>12 <br>13 <br>14 <br>15 <br>16 <br>17 <br>18 <br>19 <br>20 <br>21 <br>22 <br>23 <br>24 <br>25 <br>26 <br>27 <br>28 <br>29 <br>30 <br>40 <br>50 <br>60 <br>70 <br>80 <br>90 <br>100 <br>200 <br>300 <br>400 <br>500 <br>600 <br>700 <br>800 <br>900 <br>1000
| jeden, jedna <br>dwa <br>trzy <br>cztery <br>pięć <br>sześć <br>siedem <br>osiem <br>dziewięć <br>dziesięć <br>jedenaście <br>dwanaście <br>trzynaście <br>czternaście <br>piętnaście <br>szesnaście <br>siedemnaście <br>osiemnaście <br>dziewiętnaście <br>dwadzieścia <br>dwadzieścia jeden <br>dwadzieścia dwa <br>dwadzieścia trzy <br>dwadzieścia cztery <br>dwadzieścia pięć <br>dwadzieścia sześć<br>dwadzieścia siedem <br>dwadzieścia osiem <br>dwadzieścia dziewięć<br>trzydzieści <br>czterdzieści <br>pięćdziesiąt <br>sześć dziesiąt <br>siedemdziesiąt <br>osiemdziesiąt <br>dziewiecdziesiąt <br>sto <br>dwieście <br>trzysta <br>czterysta <br>pięćset <br>sześćset <br>siedemset <br>osiemset <br>dziewięćset <br>tysiąc
| 1st <br>2nd <br>3rd <br>4th <br>5th <br>6th <br>7th <br>8th <br>9th <br>10th <br>11th <br>12th <br>13th <br>14th <br>15th <br>16th <br>17th <br>18th <br>19th <br>20th <br>21st <br>22nd <br>23rd <br>24th <br>25th <br>16th <br>27th <br>28th <br>29th <br>30th <br>40th <br>50th <br>60th <br>70th <br>80th <br>90th <br>100th <br>200th <br>300th <br>400th <br>500th <br>600th <br>700th <br>800th <br>900th <br>1000th
| pierwszy <br>drugi <br>trzeci <br>czwarty <br>piąty <br>szósty <br>siódmy <br>ósmy <br>dziewiąty <br>dziesiąty <br>jedenasty <br>dwunasty <br>trzynasty <br>czternasty <br>piętnasty <br>szesnasty <br>siedemnasty <br>osiemnasty <br>dziewiętnasty <br>dwudziesty, dwódziesty <br>dwudziesty pierwszy <br>dwudziesty drugi <br>dwudziesty trzeci <br>dwudziesty czwarty <br>dwudziesty piąty <br>dwudziesty szósty <br>dwudziesty siódmy <br>dwudziesty ósmy <br>dwudziesty dziewiąty <br>trzydziesty <br>czterdziesty <br>pięćdziesiąty <br>sześćdziesiąty <br>siedemdziesiąty <br>osiemdziesiąty <br>dziewięćdziesiąty <br>setny <br>dwóchsetny <br>trzysetny, trzechsetny <br>czterysetny, czterechsetny <br>pięćsetny <br>sześćsetny <br>siedemsetny <br>osiemsetny <br>dziewięćsetny <br>tysięczny
|}
=== Dates and Time&nbsp;  ===
In Polish records, dates are usually written out, for example:
:''roku tysiąc osemset trzydziestego szóstego dnia dwódziestego trzeciego marca'' [in the year one thousand eight hundredth thirtieth and sixth on the day twentieth third of March (23 March 1836] In some records, two dates are recorded:
:''dnia piątego/siedemnastego Maja'' [on the day 5th/17th of May] The two dates are usually 12 days apart. The first date is based on the Julian calendar (used by the Russian Empire). The second date is based on the present-day Gregorian calendar.
To understand Polish dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.
'''Months'''
Polish often abbreviates dates by using a Roman numeral for the month. For example, 13 June 1864 could be written as ''13.VI.1864 ''instead of ''13.czerwca.1864''.
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="40%" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|
| '''English'''
| '''Polish'''
|-
| I. <br>II. <br>III. <br>IV. <br>V. <br>VI. <br>VII <br>VIII. <br>IX <br>X. <br>XI. <br>XII.
| January <br>February <br>March <br>April <br>May <br>June <br>July <br>August <br>September <br>October <br>November <br>December
| stycznia <br>lutego <br>marca <br>kwietnia <br>maja <br>czerwca <br>lipca <br>sierpnia <br>września <br>pażdziernika <br>listopada <br>grudnia
|}
<br>'''Days of the Week'''
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="30%" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
| '''English '''<br>Sunday <br>Monday <br>Tuesday <br>Wednesday <br>Thursday <br>Friday <br>Saturday
| '''Polish <br>'''niedziela <br>poniedzialek <br>wtorek <br>środa <br>czwartek <br>piątek <br>sobota
|}
<br>'''Times of the Day'''
Polish birth and death records often indicate the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="40%" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
| '''Polish '''<br>o godzinie drugiej <br>o godzinie siódmej <br>w nocy <br>południe/w południe <br>popołudniu/z południa <br>przed południem<br>północna godzina <br>rano/z rana <br>wieczorem/w wieczór
| '''English <br>'''at the 2nd hour <br>at the 7th hour <br>at night <br>noon <br>afternoon <br>forenoon <br>midnight <br>in the morning <br>in the evening&nbsp;
|}
<br>




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