Thailand Languages: Difference between revisions
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The official language spoken in Thailand is <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand#:~:text=official%20language%20of%20Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref> | The official language spoken in Thailand is <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand#:~:text=official%20language%20of%20Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref> | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language '''Thai'''] - used in government and education. | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language '''Thai'''] - also known as '''Central Thai'''. Thai is used in government and education. | ||
** belongs to the language family of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages Kra–Dai]. Thai is closely related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_language Lao], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_language Shan], and several smaller languages in the area. | ** belongs to the language family of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages Kra–Dai]. Thai is closely related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_language Lao], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_language Shan], and several smaller languages in the area. | ||
The Royal Thai Government recognizes 62 domestic languages in the country. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref> | The Royal Thai Government recognizes 62 domestic languages in the country. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref> | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand#:~:text=following%20table%20comprises%20all%2062%20ethnolinguistic%20groups%20recognized%20by%20the%20Royal%20Thai%20Government List of Officially Recognized Languages divided into five language family groups] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand#:~:text=following%20table%20comprises%20all%2062%20ethnolinguistic%20groups%20recognized%20by%20the%20Royal%20Thai%20Government List of Officially Recognized Languages divided into five language family groups] | ||
Top languages by population are | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isan_language '''Isan'''] - also known as '''Northeastern Thai''', a Lao dialect. Spoken in the northeastern provinces. The largest of the minority languages. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Thai_language '''Kam Mueang'''] - also known as '''Northern Thai'''. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Thai_language '''Pak Tai'''] - also known as '''Southern Thai''' and '''Dambro''' | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
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* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/thai.php#:~:text=Useful%20Thai%20phrases Useful Thai phrases] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/thai.php#:~:text=Useful%20Thai%20phrases Useful Thai phrases] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://theculturetrip.com/asia/thailand/articles/15-essential-thai-phrases-to-learn-before-you-visit-thailand/ Essential Phrases in Thailand] - Culture Trip | * [https://theculturetrip.com/asia/thailand/articles/15-essential-thai-phrases-to-learn-before-you-visit-thailand/ Essential Phrases in Thailand] - Culture Trip | ||
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Thai/Vocabulary/Isan-basic-phrases Isan basic phrases] - Polyglot Wiki | |||
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Northern-thai/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings Northern-thai Vocabulary] - Polyglot Wiki | |||
* [https://midtownratsada.com/southern-thai/central-thai-southern-thai-vocabulary-phrases Central Thai & Southern Thai Vocabulary & Phrases] - Hotel Midtown | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
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* [https://omniglot.com/writing/thai.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet Thai alphabet] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/writing/thai.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet Thai alphabet] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/conscripts/satthaaksoonthaj.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20the%20Thai Latin alphabet for the Thai] - Omniglot | * [https://omniglot.com/conscripts/satthaaksoonthaj.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20the%20Thai Latin alphabet for the Thai] - Omniglot | ||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/isan.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet%20for%20Isan Thai alphabet for Isan] - Omniglot | |||
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/northernthai.htm Northern Thai (Kam Mueang)] - Omniglot | |||
'''Pronunciation''' | '''Pronunciation''' | ||
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* ''Collins Thai dictionary.'' Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: Collins, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1101418173 WorldCat]. | * ''Collins Thai dictionary.'' Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: Collins, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1101418173 WorldCat]. | ||
* Rattanakhemakorn, Jintana and Scot Barmé. ''Essential Thai phrasebook & dictionary.'' Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083682027 WorldCat]. | * Rattanakhemakorn, Jintana and Scot Barmé. ''Essential Thai phrasebook & dictionary.'' Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083682027 WorldCat]. | ||
* Higbie, James. ''Lao-English, English-Lao dictionary and phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 2001. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/46918476 WorldCat]. | |||
* Higbie, James. ''Thai-English/English-Thai dictionary and phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/41712147 WorldCat]. | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | '''Online Dictionaries''' | ||
* [https://glosbe.com/en/th Dictionary English - Thai] - Glosbe | * [https://glosbe.com/en/th Dictionary English - Thai] - Glosbe | ||
* [https://glosbe.com/en/tts Dictionary English - Northeastern Thai] - Glosbe | |||
* [https://glosbe.com/en/nod Dictionary English - Northern Thai] - Glosbe | |||
* [https://glosbe.com/en/sou Dictionary English - Southern Thai] - Glosbe | |||
'''Language Aids''' | '''Language Aids''' | ||
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==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* Higbie, James. ''Let's speak Lao.'' Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1031918941 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 14:58, 17 May 2023
| Thailand Wiki Topics | |
 | |
| Beginning Research | |
| Record Types | |
| Thailand Background | |
| Local Research Resources | |
The national language of Thailand is Thai, spoken by about 53% of the population. Many more speak it as a second language. Lao is spoken by about 27%, and Chinese 12%. Malay is spoken by 4% and Khmer 3%. English is widely used in business, as are many of the Chinese dialects. Records were kept in Thai, Lao, Malay, Chinese and English.[1]
Guidelines for Romanizing Thai Personal Names[edit | edit source]
Vowels[edit | edit source]
| Thai | English | Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ะ, ั, า | a, ar | ปาน - Parn |
สังวาลย์ - Sangwarn |
|||
ิ
|
i, | กลิ่น - Glin |
ทิพย์ - Tip, Thip |
|||
ี
|
i, ee | มี - Mee |
ศรี - See, Sri |
|||
ึ, ื
|
ue | จือ - Jue |
ผึ้ง - Pueng |
|||
ุ, ู
|
oo, u, uu | บุญ - Boon |
กุล - Koon, Kul |
ตุย - Tui |
พฤกษ์ - Pruuk |
|
| เ, เ-ะ | ai, e | เสน - Sen, Sain |
เทพ - Tep, Thep |
|||
| แ, แ-ะ | ae, a | แก้ว - Kaew |
แดง - Daeng, Dang |
แพงพัน - Phaengphan |
||
| โ, โ-ะ | o, oa | โต - To |
เทพ - Tep, Thep |
|||
| ออ, เ-าะ | or | ละออ - La-or |
||||
| เ-ี, เ-ีะ | ia | เชียง - Chiang |
เฉลียว - Chaliaw |
|||
| เ-ื, เ-ืะ | ua | เดือน - Duan |
เมือง - Muang |
เหลือง - Luang |
||
| ใ, ไ, -ัย,ไ-ย,-าย | ai | ไหม - Mai |
ใกล้ - Klai |
ลาย - Lai |
||
ำ
|
am | กำธร - Kamtorn |
ดำ - Dam |
ทำ, ธรรม - Tham |
||
| เ-า,-าว | ao | เผ่า - Pao |
เจ้า - Jao |
|||
| เ-ิ | er, oe | เงิน - Ngoen |
เจริญ - Charoen |
|||
| -ัว | uo,ua | ผวน - Puon |
สำรวย - Samruoy |
สงวน - Sa-nguon |
ดวง - Duong |
บัว - Bua |
| เ-ย | oei, oey | เหมย - Moei |
คลองเตย - Klongtoey |
|||
Consonants[edit | edit source]
| Thai | English |
| ก, ข, ค, ฆ | k, g |
| ง | ng |
| จ | j |
| ฉ, ช, ฌ | ch, sh |
| ญ, ย | y |
| ฎ, ด | d |
| ฏ, ต | t |
| ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ | t, th |
| ณ, น | n |
| บ | b |
| ป | p |
| ผ, พ, ภ | p, ph |
| ฝ, ฟ | f |
| ม | m |
| ร | r |
| ล, ฬ | l |
| ว | w |
| ศ, ษ, ส | s |
| ห, ฮ | h |
| อ | a, or |
Guidelines for Romanizing Thai Place Names[edit | edit source]
Refer to Thailand Gazetteers page: Thailand Gazetteers
Key Words[edit | edit source]
To find and use specific types of Thai records, you will need to know some key words in Thai. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Thai words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Thai words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in Thai records to indicate marriage.
| English | Thai |
| birth | การเกิด, การกำเนิด, การคลอด,จุดเริ่ม |
| Buddhist | ศาสนาพุทธ |
| burial | การฝัง, การฝังศพ |
| Catholic | เกี่ยวกับศาสนาคริสต์นิกายโรมันคาทอลิก, ผู้นับถือนิกายโรมันคาทอลิก |
| child | เด็ก, ทารก, บุตรหลาน, ลูก |
| christening | การทำพิธีรับเข้าเป็นศริสต์ศาสนิกชน, ตั้งชื่อให้ในพิธีดังกล่าว |
| confirmations | การยืนยัน, การรับรอง |
| civil registry | สูติบัตร, ใบเกิด |
| daughter | ลูกสาว, ธิดา, บุตรี |
| death | ความตาย, ความสิ้นสุด |
| father | พ่อ, บิดา |
| Hindu | ศาสนาฮินดู, ชาวฮินดู |
| husband | สามี, ผัว |
| index | ดัชนี, เครื่องชี้ |
| Islam | ศานาอิสลาม |
| Islamic | ชาวมุสลิม |
| Jewish | ชาวยิว |
| Latter-day Saint | วิสุทธิชนยุคสุดท้าย |
| marriage registration | ใบทะเบียนสมรส,เอกสารการสมรส |
| marriage | การแต่งงาน, วิวาห์, การสมรส, การวิวาห์, การครองเรือน |
| month | เดือน |
| mother | แม่, มารดา |
| name, given | ชื่อที่่บิดามารดาตั้งให้ตอนเกิด |
| name, surname | นามสกุล, ขื่อสกุล |
| parents | พ่อแม่, ผู้ปกครอง, บูรพาจารย์ |
| parish | เขตการปกครองที่่มีโบสถ์ประจำท้องถิ่น, ข้อมูลที่่โบสถ์เก็บไว้ |
| Protestant | ศาสนาคริสต์นิกายโปรเตสแตนต์, ผู้นับถือนิกายดังกล่าว |
| Sikh | แขกซิกข์, ผู้นับถือศาสนาซิกข์ |
| son | บุตรชาย, โอรส |
| wife | ภรรยา, เมีย |
| year | ปี |
Calendar, Months, Days[edit | edit source]
To work with Thai family history records, you will need to understand the Thai calendar and know the related words in Thai. This section gives key calendar terms in English and the Thai words with the same or similar meanings.
Thai Calendars[edit | edit source]
The following Wikipedia.org articles explain the two Thai calendar systems:
Thai Calendar Translations[edit | edit source]
| English | Thai |
| January | มกราคม |
| February | กุมภาพันธ์ |
| March | มีนาคม |
| April | เมษายน |
| May | พฤษภาคม |
| June | มิถุนายน |
| July | กรกฎาคม |
| August | สิงหาคม |
| September | กันยายน |
| October | ตุลาคม |
| November | พฤศจิกายน |
| December | ธันวาคม |
| English | Thai |
| Sunday | วันอาทิตย์ |
| Monday | วันจันทร์ |
| Tuesday | วันอังคาร |
| Wednesday | วันพุธ |
| Thursday | วันพฤหัสบดี |
| Friday | วันศุกร์ |
| Saturday | วันเสาร์ |
Description[edit | edit source]
The official language spoken in Thailand is [2]
- Thai - also known as Central Thai. Thai is used in government and education.
The Royal Thai Government recognizes 62 domestic languages in the country. [3]
Top languages by population are
- Isan - also known as Northeastern Thai, a Lao dialect. Spoken in the northeastern provinces. The largest of the minority languages.
- Kam Mueang - also known as Northern Thai.
- Pak Tai - also known as Southern Thai and Dambro
Word List(s)[edit | edit source]
- Evans, Bruce. Thai phrasebook & dictionary. Carlton, Victoria: Lonely Planet Global Limited, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.
- Fanthorpe, Helen. Thai phrase book & dictionary. London: Berlitz Publishing, 2019. Available at: WorldCat.
- Useful Thai phrases - Omniglot
- Essential Phrases in Thailand - Culture Trip
- Isan basic phrases - Polyglot Wiki
- Northern-thai Vocabulary - Polyglot Wiki
- Central Thai & Southern Thai Vocabulary & Phrases - Hotel Midtown
Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]
Alphabet
- Thai alphabet - Omniglot
- Latin alphabet for the Thai - Omniglot
- Thai alphabet for Isan - Omniglot
- Northern Thai (Kam Mueang) - Omniglot
Pronunciation
- Thai pronunciation - Omniglot
- Thai pronunciation dictionary - Forvo
Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]
Dictionaries
- Barmé, Scot, Pensi Najaithong, and Jintana Rattanakhemakorn. Mini Thai dictionary : Thai-English English-Thai. La Vergne: Tuttle Publishing, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.
- Collins Thai dictionary. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: Collins, 2019. Available at: WorldCat.
- Rattanakhemakorn, Jintana and Scot Barmé. Essential Thai phrasebook & dictionary. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2019. Available at: WorldCat.
- Higbie, James. Lao-English, English-Lao dictionary and phrasebook. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2001. Available at: WorldCat.
- Higbie, James. Thai-English/English-Thai dictionary and phrasebook. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999. Available at: WorldCat.
Online Dictionaries
- Dictionary English - Thai - Glosbe
- Dictionary English - Northeastern Thai - Glosbe
- Dictionary English - Northern Thai - Glosbe
- Dictionary English - Southern Thai - Glosbe
Language Aids
- Michael. Essential Thai : Speak Thai With Confidence. n.p.: Tuttle Publishing, 2014. Available at: WorldCat.
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
- Higbie, James. Let's speak Lao. Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press, 2018. Available at: WorldCat.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Thailand,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 2001.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Thailand," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand#:~:text=official%20language%20of%20Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Thailand," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.