Caddo Nation

United States

Indigenous Peoples of the United States

Indigenous Peoples of Oklahoma

Caddo Nation

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Various Spellings: Caddo, Cadoe

The Caddo Tribe is primarily associated with the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma.

1984 enrollment 2.947

Tribal Headquarters

Caddo Nation
P.O. Box 487
Binger, OK 73009
Phone: 405-656-2344
Website

History

Brief Timeline

1541: First encountered by De Soto

1714: French trading post at Caddoan village at Natchitodes

1770: Caddo-Spanish Treaty

1803: Louisiana Purchase,

• 1835 July 1, at Caddo Agency, some of the tribe migrated to Texas, some joined the Choctaw

1836: Texas became a republic,

1844: Choctaw expelled the Caddo as "Indian Intruders"

• 1846 May 15, at Council Springs Treaty

1854: Many moved to Brazos Reserve, Texas

1859: Removal by Superintendent Robert S. Neighbors, on a reservation near the Washita River in Indian Territory - now Caddo County, Oklahoma

1861: Signed a treaty with the Confederate States, those loyal to the Union fled to Kansas until 1867

1865: Caddo were scouts for the U.S. Army

1867: Moved to Oklahoma

1872: Caddo-Wichita Reservation established

Agencies

Red River Agency1824-30

Caddo Agency 1824-42

Texas Agency 1847-59

Wichita Agency 1859-78

Kiowa Agency 1878-80

Reservations

Brazos Reservation

Caddo-Wichita Reservation

Western Superintendency

Southern Superintendency

Central Superintendency

Colorado Superintendency

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Caddo Nation, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in David Bushnell's Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

• Allotment records
• Annuity rolls
• Census records
• Correspondence
• Health records
• Reports
• School census and records
• Vital records

Land Records

Tribally owned 2,602.64 acres. Allotted land 55,599.92 acres

Agency Records

Correspondence and Census

Tribe	Agency	Location of Original Records	Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 Roll Number	FS Library Film Number	Post-1885 Census M595 Roll Number	FS Library Film Number
Caddo	Anadarko Area Office, 1881-1962	Fort Worth	-	First film: 1638620	Rolls 211-23	First film: 573847
Caddo	Red River Agency, 1824-30	Washington D.C.	Roll 727	-	-	-
Caddo	Caddo Agency,1824-42	Washington D.C.	Roll 31	-	-	-
Caddo	Wichita Agency, 1859-78	Washington D.C.	Rolls 928-30	1638620	Rolls 211-23	573847
Caddo	Kiowa Agency, 1864-1962	Washington D.C. and Fort Worth	Rolls 375-86	-	-	- FS Catalog Films: 576900-576912

Treaties

The link on the year (Year of the Treaty) connects to an online copy of the treaty.

• May, 13, 1833, referred to in Quapaw Treaty,
• 1835 July 1, at Caddo Agency
• 1846 May 15, at Council Springs

Important Websites

• Constitution and By-Laws of the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma, approved in 1976.
• Caddo Nation official Web Site
• Caddo Nation Wikipedia

For Further Reading

See For Further Reading.

References

• Parsons, Elsie Worthington Clews. Notes on the Caddo. Kraus Reprint Co., 1969. FS Library Book 970.3C114p
• Swanton, John Reed. Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians, Washington, GPO. 1942. FS Library Fiche 6039060 (five fiche)