New Jersey Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
New Jersey Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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=== The People === | === The People === | ||
'''Dutch.''' The Dutch of [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] intermittently occupied Fort Nassau (now Brooklawn, Camden, New Jersey) starting in 1623.<ref>Amandus Johnson, "[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nswamap.html Detailed Map of New Sweden 1638-1655]" in Amandus Johnson's book ''The Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1664'' (Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society, 1915), 392.</ref><ref>"Fort Nassau" in Probert Encyclopaedia of Architecture [Internet site] at http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/T_FORT_NASSAU.HTM (accessed 10 November 2008). "Fort Nassau was a fort erected on the site of the present town of Gloucester, New Jersey by Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, representing the Dutch West India Company in 1623. It was abandoned and rebuilt a number of times, and finally abandoned in 1651."</ref><ref>"Location of Fort Nassau" in Gloucester County, New Jersey History and Genealogy [Internet site] at http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/fortnassau.htm#Location (accessed 8 November 2008).</ref> The northeastern part of New Jersey was the first to be permanently settled because of its close proximity to New Amsterdam (New York City). Bergen (now Jersey City), on the west bank of the Hudson River, was the first permanent Dutch settlement starting in 1630.<ref>"Bergen, New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland (accessed 12 December 2008).</ref> After the English conquest in 1664, the Dutch continued to spread into Bergen County and the Raritan Valley and then into Somerset and northern Monmouth in the 1680s and 1690s. Many of these settlers came from Kings County, New York. For more details about the Dutch influence in the area see the [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] wiki article, the [[New Jersey Court Records|New Jersey Court Records]] and [[New Jersey Probate Records|New Jersey Probate Records]], the [[New York|New York]] wiki article, and Gwenn F. Epperson's ''New Netherland Roots'' (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publ., 1994). (Family History Library | '''Dutch.''' The Dutch of [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] intermittently occupied Fort Nassau (now Brooklawn, Camden, New Jersey) starting in 1623.<ref>Amandus Johnson, "[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/nswamap.html Detailed Map of New Sweden 1638-1655]" in Amandus Johnson's book ''The Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1664'' (Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society, 1915), 392.</ref><ref>"Fort Nassau" in Probert Encyclopaedia of Architecture [Internet site] at http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/T_FORT_NASSAU.HTM (accessed 10 November 2008). "Fort Nassau was a fort erected on the site of the present town of Gloucester, New Jersey by Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, representing the Dutch West India Company in 1623. It was abandoned and rebuilt a number of times, and finally abandoned in 1651."</ref><ref>"Location of Fort Nassau" in Gloucester County, New Jersey History and Genealogy [Internet site] at http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/fortnassau.htm#Location (accessed 8 November 2008).</ref> The northeastern part of New Jersey was the first to be permanently settled because of its close proximity to New Amsterdam (New York City). Bergen (now Jersey City), on the west bank of the Hudson River, was the first permanent Dutch settlement starting in 1630.<ref>"Bergen, New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland (accessed 12 December 2008).</ref> After the English conquest in 1664, the Dutch continued to spread into Bergen County and the Raritan Valley and then into Somerset and northern Monmouth in the 1680s and 1690s. Many of these settlers came from Kings County, New York. For more details about the Dutch influence in the area see the [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] wiki article, the [[New Jersey Court Records|New Jersey Court Records]] and [[New Jersey Probate Records|New Jersey Probate Records]], the [[New York|New York]] wiki article, and Gwenn F. Epperson's ''New Netherland Roots'' (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publ., 1994). (Family History Library {{FHL|651271|title-id|disp=book 974.7 D27e}}.) Discusses and quotes examples from passenger lists, early government records, marriage registers, church records, and court records of New Netherland. Also discusses early Dutch, German, Belgian, French, and Scandinavian sources. | ||
'''Swedes and Finns.''' The first Swedish and Finnish settlers came to the site of modern Wilmington, Delaware, on the Delaware River in 1638. The growth of [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] was slow. Raccoon (now Swedesboro, Gloucester, New Jersey) and New Stockholm (now Bridgeport, Gloucester, New Jersey) were not settled until 1642.<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Sweden (accessed 7 November 2008).</ref><ref>Swedes and Finns settled on the New Jersey side of the Delaware river as early as 1642 at Raccoon Creek. The first Swedish Lutheran minister to arrive in 1643, John Campanius, apparently described the luxurious growth of tobacco by Swedes between Raccoon Creek and Mantua Creek (Bridgeport) as mentioned in "Early History" in Gloucester County History and Genealogy [Internet site] at http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/gchistory.htm (accessed 10 November 2008).</ref><ref>Trinity Episcopal 'Old Swedes' Church 1703-2007 [Internet site] at http://trinityswedesboro.org/History/History1.htm (accessed 10 November 2008)."Three years later [1641], Peter Hollander Ridder, the second governor of New Sweden, as the settlement in the Delaware Valley was called, purchased form the Indians the entire eastern side of the Delaware River from Raccoon Creek to Cape May. The first settlement by the Swedes was here on the banks of the Raccoon Creek in 1642, originally named Raccoon and later Swedesboro."</ref> A fort at Nya Elfsborg (now west of Salem, Salem, New Jersey) was built in 1643.<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>Munroe, 24. “When ordered to build a fort so situated as to enable the Swedes to control all shipping on the Delaware, Printz constructed Fort Elfsborg on the Jersey shore, south of Salem Creek.”</ref><ref>“[http://runeberg.org/nfbt/0095.html Kartskiss öfver Nya Sverige 1638-55 (Efter Amandus Johnson)]” a map image in the article “Nya Sverige” in ''Nordisk familjebok. Uggleupplagan. 20. Norrsken - Paprocki'' (Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlags, 1914; digitized by Projekt Runeberg, 2002), 153-54.</ref> See the [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] Wiki article for more information. By the 1690s, as many as 900 Swedes and Finns had crossed the river to settle in Cape May, Gloucester, and Salem counties, West Jersey. | '''Swedes and Finns.''' The first Swedish and Finnish settlers came to the site of modern Wilmington, Delaware, on the Delaware River in 1638. The growth of [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] was slow. Raccoon (now Swedesboro, Gloucester, New Jersey) and New Stockholm (now Bridgeport, Gloucester, New Jersey) were not settled until 1642.<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Sweden (accessed 7 November 2008).</ref><ref>Swedes and Finns settled on the New Jersey side of the Delaware river as early as 1642 at Raccoon Creek. The first Swedish Lutheran minister to arrive in 1643, John Campanius, apparently described the luxurious growth of tobacco by Swedes between Raccoon Creek and Mantua Creek (Bridgeport) as mentioned in "Early History" in Gloucester County History and Genealogy [Internet site] at http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/gchistory.htm (accessed 10 November 2008).</ref><ref>Trinity Episcopal 'Old Swedes' Church 1703-2007 [Internet site] at http://trinityswedesboro.org/History/History1.htm (accessed 10 November 2008)."Three years later [1641], Peter Hollander Ridder, the second governor of New Sweden, as the settlement in the Delaware Valley was called, purchased form the Indians the entire eastern side of the Delaware River from Raccoon Creek to Cape May. The first settlement by the Swedes was here on the banks of the Raccoon Creek in 1642, originally named Raccoon and later Swedesboro."</ref> A fort at Nya Elfsborg (now west of Salem, Salem, New Jersey) was built in 1643.<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>Munroe, 24. “When ordered to build a fort so situated as to enable the Swedes to control all shipping on the Delaware, Printz constructed Fort Elfsborg on the Jersey shore, south of Salem Creek.”</ref><ref>“[http://runeberg.org/nfbt/0095.html Kartskiss öfver Nya Sverige 1638-55 (Efter Amandus Johnson)]” a map image in the article “Nya Sverige” in ''Nordisk familjebok. Uggleupplagan. 20. Norrsken - Paprocki'' (Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlags, 1914; digitized by Projekt Runeberg, 2002), 153-54.</ref> See the [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] Wiki article for more information. By the 1690s, as many as 900 Swedes and Finns had crossed the river to settle in Cape May, Gloucester, and Salem counties, West Jersey. | ||
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Cape May, along New Jersey's southern coast, was settled in 1690 by New Englanders (many of Mayflower descent) from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Hartford. For information about these families, see: | Cape May, along New Jersey's southern coast, was settled in 1690 by New Englanders (many of Mayflower descent) from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Hartford. For information about these families, see: | ||
Howe, Paul Sturtevant. ''Mayflower Pilgrim Descendants in Cape May County, New Jersey— 1620-1920 . . . 1921'', reprint ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1977. (Family History Library book | Howe, Paul Sturtevant. ''Mayflower Pilgrim Descendants in Cape May County, New Jersey— 1620-1920 . . . 1921'', reprint ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1977. (Family History Library book {{FHL|264865|title-id|disp=974.998 D2h}}; {{FHL|264865|title-id|disp=film 928297 item 1}}; {{FHL|484873|title-id|disp=fiche 6046063.)}} | ||
'''Scots'''. The proprietors of East Jersey actively solicited Scottish settlers. From the 1680s to 1750, many Presbyterian Lowlanders from eastern Scotland came to East Jersey, particularly to the present counties of Monmouth, Middlesex, Somerset, and Mercer. Hundreds left Scotland between 1683 and 1685 to settle New Perth at Amboy Point (now Perth Amboy), Plainfield, Freehold, and wilderness areas of the Watchung Mountains. Immigration from Scotland declined after 1690, but the Scots continued to spread west through central New Jersey, eventually reaching the Delaware Valley. | '''Scots'''. The proprietors of East Jersey actively solicited Scottish settlers. From the 1680s to 1750, many Presbyterian Lowlanders from eastern Scotland came to East Jersey, particularly to the present counties of Monmouth, Middlesex, Somerset, and Mercer. Hundreds left Scotland between 1683 and 1685 to settle New Perth at Amboy Point (now Perth Amboy), Plainfield, Freehold, and wilderness areas of the Watchung Mountains. Immigration from Scotland declined after 1690, but the Scots continued to spread west through central New Jersey, eventually reaching the Delaware Valley. | ||
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'''Germans'''. The first German Palatines to settle in Bergen County arrived in New York in 1710. Between 1714 and 1750, German Lutherans followed the Raritan River through Monmouth and Somerset counties into northeastern Hunterdon County. A few of the Germans who later arrived at Philadelphia in the 1720s and 1730s crossed over to New Jersey. Those that did went to southern Hunterdon, Morris, and Sussex counties. For information about early German families, see: | '''Germans'''. The first German Palatines to settle in Bergen County arrived in New York in 1710. Between 1714 and 1750, German Lutherans followed the Raritan River through Monmouth and Somerset counties into northeastern Hunterdon County. A few of the Germans who later arrived at Philadelphia in the 1720s and 1730s crossed over to New Jersey. Those that did went to southern Hunterdon, Morris, and Sussex counties. For information about early German families, see: | ||
Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen. ''The Early Germans of New Jersey: Their History, Churches, and Genealogies. 1895'', reprint ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1982. (Family History Library [[974.9 F2gc|book 974.9 F2gc]]; | Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen. ''The Early Germans of New Jersey: Their History, Churches, and Genealogies. 1895'', reprint ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1982. (Family History Library [[974.9 F2gc|book 974.9 F2gc]]; {{FHL|181446|title-id|disp=film 16514}}.) | ||
Other books with information on German families in New Jersey are: | Other books with information on German families in New Jersey are: | ||
Jones, Henry Z., Jr. ''More Palatine Families: Some Immigrants to the Middle Colonies 1717-1776 and their European Origins''. Universal City, California: H. Z. Jones, Jr., 1991 (Family History Library | Jones, Henry Z., Jr. ''More Palatine Families: Some Immigrants to the Middle Colonies 1717-1776 and their European Origins''. Universal City, California: H. Z. Jones, Jr., 1991 (Family History Library {{FHL|438977|title-id|disp=book 973 W2jo}}.) The first section is entitled, ''The Palatine Families of New York & New Jersey.'' | ||
Jones, Henry Z., Jr.''The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants who arrived in Colonial New York in 1710''. Universal City, California: H.Z. Jones, Jr., 1985 (Family History Library | Jones, Henry Z., Jr.''The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants who arrived in Colonial New York in 1710''. Universal City, California: H.Z. Jones, Jr., 1985 (Family History Library {{FHL|974.7 D2j|disp=book 974.7 D2j, vols. 1-2}}.) Many of the families who first settled in New York later migrated to New Jersey. | ||
'''Nineteenth Century Immigration'''. Beginning in the 1840s, immigration to New Jersey increased dramatically. About 80 percent of these new arrivals were from Germany and the British Isles. They supplied the needed manpower for the state's growing industries. Paterson was the major industrial center by 1850. The Irish were the largest foreign-born group in the two decades before the Civil War. The Germans were the largest group from 1870 to 1900. The English, Scots, and Welsh also came in significant numbers until about 1890. By 1870 Newark was the largest city, followed by Jersey City. Since 1870 there has been heavy immigration to urban centers, including Newark, Hoboken, Jersey City, Paterson, Passaic, Trenton, and Camden. | '''Nineteenth Century Immigration'''. Beginning in the 1840s, immigration to New Jersey increased dramatically. About 80 percent of these new arrivals were from Germany and the British Isles. They supplied the needed manpower for the state's growing industries. Paterson was the major industrial center by 1850. The Irish were the largest foreign-born group in the two decades before the Civil War. The Germans were the largest group from 1870 to 1900. The English, Scots, and Welsh also came in significant numbers until about 1890. By 1870 Newark was the largest city, followed by Jersey City. Since 1870 there has been heavy immigration to urban centers, including Newark, Hoboken, Jersey City, Paterson, Passaic, Trenton, and Camden. | ||
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For more information about ethnic groups see: | For more information about ethnic groups see: | ||
Cohen, David Steven. ''New Jersey Ethnic History: A Bibliography''. Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1986. (Family History Library | Cohen, David Steven. ''New Jersey Ethnic History: A Bibliography''. Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1986. (Family History Library {{FHL|433269|title-id|disp=book 974.9 A1 no. 99}}.) | ||
Cunningham, Barbara, ed. ''The New Jersey Ethnic Experience''. Union City, New Jersey: William H. Wise & Co., 1977. (Not available at the Family History Library.) | Cunningham, Barbara, ed. ''The New Jersey Ethnic Experience''. Union City, New Jersey: William H. Wise & Co., 1977. (Not available at the Family History Library.) | ||
Wacker, Peter O. ''Land and People: A Cultural Geography of Preindustrial New Jersey: Origins and Settlement Patterns''. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1975. (Family History Library | Wacker, Peter O. ''Land and People: A Cultural Geography of Preindustrial New Jersey: Origins and Settlement Patterns''. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1975. (Family History Library {{FHL|244697|title-id|disp=book 974.9 H2wa}}.) | ||
=== Immigration Records === | === Immigration Records === | ||
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'''Colonial Lists'''. While passenger lists for most colonial immigrants do not exist, an index to these various early immigration list sources is: | '''Colonial Lists'''. While passenger lists for most colonial immigrants do not exist, an index to these various early immigration list sources is: | ||
Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. 11 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981- 1990. (Family History Library book | Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. 11 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981- 1990. (Family History Library book {{FHL|973 W32p|disp=Ref 973 W32p; some supplements are on microfilm}}.) | ||
For a comprehensive list of about 140,000 immigrants to America from Britain, see: | For a comprehensive list of about 140,000 immigrants to America from Britain, see: | ||
Coldham, Peter Wilson. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1607-1776 and Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1775'' [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1996. ( | Coldham, Peter Wilson. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1607-1776 and Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1775'' [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1996. ({{FHL|773852|title-id|disp=Family History Library compact disc no. 9 pt. 350}}). Not available at Family History Centers. Lists numerous New Jersey immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract. | ||
'''Federal Immigration Lists'''. The National Archives, the National Archives — Northeast, and the Family History Library have microfilm copies of: | '''Federal Immigration Lists'''. The National Archives, the National Archives — Northeast, and the Family History Library have microfilm copies of: | ||
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==== '''Other Ports''' ==== | ==== '''Other Ports''' ==== | ||
*Cape May, 1828 (Family History Library | *Cape May, 1828 (Family History Library {{FHL|66154|title-id|disp=film 830231}}) | ||
*Little Egg Harbor, 1831 (Family History Library | *Little Egg Harbor, 1831 (Family History Library {{FHL|66154|title-id|disp=film 830234}}) | ||
*Newark, 1836 (Family History Library | *Newark, 1836 (Family History Library {{FHL|66154|title-id|disp=film 830235}}) | ||
*Perth Amboy, 1820, 1829-1832 (Family History Library | *Perth Amboy, 1820, 1829-1832 (Family History Library {{FHL|66154|title-id|disp=film 830238}}) | ||
Additional information on U.S. immigration sources is in [[United States Emigration and Immigration]]. | Additional information on U.S. immigration sources is in [[United States Emigration and Immigration]]. | ||