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The use of monitors to assist in the teaching of large numbers of children developed at the end of the 18th century. At about the same time the teaching of children in Sunday schools commenced and rapidly became extremely widespread. The returns of the [[1851 Census Places of Worship|1851 Religious Census]] showed that by then some two-thirds of all children were attending Sunday schools to learn the basics of reading and writing as well as of religion. | The use of monitors to assist in the teaching of large numbers of children developed at the end of the 18th century. At about the same time the teaching of children in Sunday schools commenced and rapidly became extremely widespread. The returns of the [[1851 Census Places of Worship|1851 Religious Census]] showed that by then some two-thirds of all children were attending Sunday schools to learn the basics of reading and writing as well as of religion. | ||
By the end of the 19th century over six million children received some education in this way, but, again, practically no records survive. There are a few exceptions, as the enormous registers (now at [http://www.stockport.gov.uk/services/leisureculture/libraries/?view=Standard Stockport Central Library]) kept by the former Sunday School at Stockport testify. Stockport Sunday School catered for 3,000 children. The un-indexed registers 1789-1920 show names and ages (Registers for the Stockport Sunday School, Cheshire, 1790-1877). <ref>{{ | By the end of the 19th century over six million children received some education in this way, but, again, practically no records survive. There are a few exceptions, as the enormous registers (now at [http://www.stockport.gov.uk/services/leisureculture/libraries/?view=Standard Stockport Central Library]) kept by the former Sunday School at Stockport testify. Stockport Sunday School catered for 3,000 children. The un-indexed registers 1789-1920 show names and ages (Registers for the Stockport Sunday School, Cheshire, 1790-1877). <ref>{{FSC|534993|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Film 1655276-77, 1655501, 1655501 it2, 1655457-58}} (Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the GSU, 1990)</ref> Many families sent generation after generation of children to Sunday school, the age range for admission at Stockport being from three years to late teenage. | ||
=== Literacy === | === Literacy === | ||
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A very few school log books are found from the 1840s, but in 1862 the elementary schools, which received government grants, were required to maintain daily (from 1871, weekly) logs in which the head teacher was to record the "ordinary progress" of the school. Schools without a certificated head teacher and thus not qualifying for a grant, and those where the buildings did not meet government standards, were not required to keep logs. Partly for this reason, not many survive prior to about 1870. | A very few school log books are found from the 1840s, but in 1862 the elementary schools, which received government grants, were required to maintain daily (from 1871, weekly) logs in which the head teacher was to record the "ordinary progress" of the school. Schools without a certificated head teacher and thus not qualifying for a grant, and those where the buildings did not meet government standards, were not required to keep logs. Partly for this reason, not many survive prior to about 1870. | ||
The log may contain comments on attendance, behaviour, discipline, the curriculum, and much other incidental matter, such as the effect of bad weather, epidemics and seasonal work on attendance, but the names of individual pupils only occasionally appear. The names and status of the teachers were recorded at the annual inspection, with a summary of the inspector's report. One of the few published examples is that for Whitchurch, Oxfordshire, 1869-93, edited for the Oxfordshire Record Society, volume 51 (1979) by Pamela Horn [Family History Library book {{ | The log may contain comments on attendance, behaviour, discipline, the curriculum, and much other incidental matter, such as the effect of bad weather, epidemics and seasonal work on attendance, but the names of individual pupils only occasionally appear. The names and status of the teachers were recorded at the annual inspection, with a summary of the inspector's report. One of the few published examples is that for Whitchurch, Oxfordshire, 1869-93, edited for the Oxfordshire Record Society, volume 51 (1979) by Pamela Horn [Family History Library book {{FSC|216932|title-id|disp=942.57 B4o v.51}}]. | ||
Punishments may be recorded in early logs, but after 1901 they are usually noted in a separate punishment book, showing the name, offence and punishment, and, occasionally, other comment. These books survive less frequently than log books. | Punishments may be recorded in early logs, but after 1901 they are usually noted in a separate punishment book, showing the name, offence and punishment, and, occasionally, other comment. These books survive less frequently than log books. | ||
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ENGLAND - SCHOOLS<br>ENGLAND, [COUNTY] - SCHOOLS<br>ENGLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - SCHOOLS | ENGLAND - SCHOOLS<br>ENGLAND, [COUNTY] - SCHOOLS<br>ENGLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - SCHOOLS | ||
See also Lance Jacob, ''Register of English school, college, and university registers housed in the collection of the Genealogical Society of Utah as of April 1981'' [Family History LIbrary typescript {{ | See also Lance Jacob, ''Register of English school, college, and university registers housed in the collection of the Genealogical Society of Utah as of April 1981'' [Family History LIbrary typescript {{FSC|272641|title-id|disp=942 J24c}}]. | ||
=== Bibliography === | === Bibliography === | ||
Pamela Horn, ''The Victorian and Edwardian Schoolchild ''(Alan Sutton, 1989). <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22273014/editions WorldCat]</ref><br>Colin R. Chapman, ''The growth of British education and its records ''(Dursley: Lochin Publishing, 2nd edn. 1996) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28747778/editions WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{ | Pamela Horn, ''The Victorian and Edwardian Schoolchild ''(Alan Sutton, 1989). <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22273014/editions WorldCat]</ref><br>Colin R. Chapman, ''The growth of British education and its records ''(Dursley: Lochin Publishing, 2nd edn. 1996) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28747778/editions WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|509497|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J2cr"}} (Dursley, Gloucestershire : Lochin Publishing, c1991)</ref>[Family History LIbrary book {{FSC|833962|title-id|disp=942 J2cr}}].<br>Colin R. Chapman, ''Using Education Records ''(Federation of Family History Societies, 1999) <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622830 WorldCat]</ref> <ref>{{FSC|833170|title-id|disp="FamilySearch Catalog Book 942 J27c'}} (Ramsbottom, Lancashire : Federation of Family History Societies Publications, c1999)</ref><br>[Adapted from Anthony Camp's article 'Schools and their records: Part 2' in ''Practical Family History'' (UK), no. 68 (August 2003) pages 8-10.<br> | ||
=== Websites === | === Websites === | ||
edits