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===Variant Forms of Words=== | ===Variant Forms of Words=== | ||
In Czech, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who, whose, whom'', or ''marry, marries, married'' | In Czech, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who, whose, whom'', or ''marry, marries, married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Czech, any word may have different forms, depending on how it is used. This word list gives the standard form of each Czech word. The endings of Czech words in a document often differ from what you find in this list. | ||
'''''Surnames''''' | '''''Surnames''''' | ||
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Plural forms of Czech words usually change the singular word: | Plural forms of Czech words usually change the singular word: | ||
Words ending in '''-a''' change to '''-y''':<br>''žena'' woman / wife | Words ending in '''-a''' change to '''-y''':<br>''žena'' woman / wife ''ženy'' women / wives | ||
Words ending in '''-o''' change to '''-a''':<br>''město'' city | Words ending in '''-o''' change to '''-a''':<br>''město'' city ''města'' cities | ||
Words ending in '''-e''' and '''-í''' do not change:<br>''ulice'' street | Words ending in '''-e''' and '''-í''' do not change:<br>''ulice'' street ''ulice'' streets | ||
Words ending in a consonant add '''-y'''. A few words add '''-i''', '''-ové''', or '''-e''' to form the plural: | Words ending in a consonant add '''-y'''. A few words add '''-i''', '''-ové''', or '''-e''' to form the plural: | ||
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Nouns ending with '''-a''' add '''-y''':<br>''sestra'' sister | Nouns ending with '''-a''' add '''-y''':<br>''sestra'' sister ''sestry'' of sister | ||
Nouns ending with '''-o''' add '''-a''':<br>''město'' city | Nouns ending with '''-o''' add '''-a''':<br>''město'' city ''města'' of city | ||
Plural masculine nouns change to '''-ů''':<br>''muži'' husbands | Plural masculine nouns change to '''-ů''':<br>''muži'' husbands ''mužů'' of husbands | ||
Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel:<br>''ženy'' wife | Plural feminine or neuter nouns drop the last vowel:<br>''ženy'' wife ''žen'' of wives | ||
*Adjectives change the endings to show possession. | *Adjectives change the endings to show possession. | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-ý''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''narozený'' born | Adjectives ending in '''-ý''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''narozený'' born ''narozeného'' of the born | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-á''' change to '''-é''':<br>''křtěná'' baptized | Adjectives ending in '''-á''' change to '''-é''':<br>''křtěná'' baptized ''křtěné'' of the baptized | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-é''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''neznámé'' unknown | Adjectives ending in '''-é''' change to '''-ého''':<br>''neznámé'' unknown ''neznámého'' of the unknown | ||
Adjectives ending in '''-í''' change to '''-ího''':<br>''první'' first | Adjectives ending in '''-í''' change to '''-ího''':<br>''první'' first ''prvního'' of the first | ||
Plural adjectives ending in '''-ý''' or '''-í''' add '''-ch''': | Plural adjectives ending in '''-ý''' or '''-í''' add '''-ch''': | ||
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Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, č, ď, é, ě, í, ň, ó, ř, š, ť, ,ú, ů, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch'' is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,'' and ''x'' are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | Written Czech uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet: á, č, ď, é, ě, í, ň, ó, ř, š, ť, ,ú, ů, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch'' is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w,'' and ''x'' are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order: | ||
a,á | a,á b c,č d,ď e,é,ě f g h ch i,í j k l m n,ň o,ó p (q) r,ř s,š t,ť u,ú,ů v (w) (x) y,ý z,ž | ||
This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | This word list follows the standard English alphabetical order. However, when you work with alphabetized Czech records, use the Czech alphabetical order. | ||
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In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form with a possessive grammatical ending. In the following list, the ordinal number in its standard form is given first, followed by the possessive form (in some cases only the possessive ending is listed): | In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form with a possessive grammatical ending. In the following list, the ordinal number in its standard form is given first, followed by the possessive form (in some cases only the possessive ending is listed): | ||
'''pátý''' | '''pátý''' - the fifth '''pátého''' - on the fifth (of the month) | ||
'''Cardinal Ordinal''' | '''Cardinal Ordinal''' | ||
1 jeden, jedna, jedno | 1 jeden, jedna, jedno 1st první, prvního<br>2 dva, dvě 2nd druhý, druhého<br>3 tři 3rd třetí, třetího<br>4 čtyři 4th čtvrtý, čtvrtého<br>5 pět 5th pátý, pátého<br>6 šest 6th šestý, šestého<br>7 sedm 7th sedmý, sedmého<br>8 osm 8th osmý, osmého<br>9 devět 9th devátý, devátého<br>10 deset 10th desátý, desátého<br>11 jedenáct 11th jedenáctý, -ého<br>12 dvanáct 12th dvanáctý, -ého<br>13 třináct 13th třináctý, -ého<br>14 čtrnáct 14th čtrnáctý, -ého<br>15 patnáct 15th patnáctý, -ého<br>16 šestnáct 16th šestnáctý, -ého<br>17 sedmnáct 17th sedmnáctý, -ého<br>18 osmnáct 18th osmnáctý, -ého<br>19 devatenáct 19th devatenáctý, -ého<br>20 dvacet 20th dvacátý, -ého<br>21 dvacet jeden, -jedna, -jedno 21st dvacátý první, dvacátého prvního<br>22 dvacet dva 22nd dvacátý druhý, dvacátého druhého<br>23 dvacet tři 23rd dvacátý třetí, dvacátého třetího<br>24 dvacet čtyři 24th dvacátý čtvrtý, dvacátého čtvrtého<br>25 dvacet pět 25th dvacátý pátý, dvacátého pátého<br>26 dvacet šest 26th dvacátý šestý,dvacátého šestého<br>27 dvacet sedm 27th dvacátý sedmý, dvacátého sedmého<br>28 dvacet osm 28th dvacátý osmý, dvacátého osmého<br>29 dvacet devět 29th dvacátý devátý, dvacátého devátého<br>30 třicet 30th třicátý, třicátého <br>40 čtyřicet 40th čtyřicátý, -ého<br>50 padesát 50th padesátý, -ého<br>60 šedesát 60th šedesátý, -ého<br>70 sedmdesát 70th sedmdesátý, -ého<br>80 osmdesát 80th osmdesátý, -ého<br>90 devadesát 90th devadesátý, -ého<br>100 sto 100th stý, -ého<br>200 dvěstě 200th dvoustý, -ého<br>300 třista 300th třístý, -ého<br>400 čtyřista 400th čtyřistý, -ého<br>500 pětset 500th pětistý, -ého<br>600 šestset 600th šestistý, -ého<br>700 sedmset 700th sedmistý, -ého<br>800 osmset 800th osmistý, -ého<br>900 devětset 900th devítistý, -ého<br>1000 tisíc 1000th tisící, -ího | ||
==Date and Time== | ==Date and Time== | ||
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*''dvacátého osmého srpna, jeden tisíc osm set'' ''padesát dva'' | *''dvacátého osmého srpna, jeden tisíc osm set'' ''padesát dva'' | ||
*[on the twenty-eighth of August, one thousand eight hundred fifty and two] | *[on the twenty-eighth of August, one thousand eight hundred fifty and two] 28 August 1852 | ||
===Months of the Year=== | ===Months of the Year=== | ||
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Czech dates are always given in day-month-year order. Months are often abbreviated using a Roman numeral. | Czech dates are always given in day-month-year order. Months are often abbreviated using a Roman numeral. | ||
For example, 25 February 1848 could be written as:<br> 25. února 1848<br> 25. 2. 1848<br> 25. II. 1848 | |||
The months listed below are shown in their standard form and in the possessive form used in writing dates: | The months listed below are shown in their standard form and in the possessive form used in writing dates: | ||
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''' Czech English''' | ''' Czech English''' | ||
I leden, ledna | I leden, ledna January<br>II únor, února February<br>III březen, března March<br>IV duben, dubna April<br>V květen, května May<br>VI červen, června June<br>VII červenec, července July<br>VIII srpen, srpna August<br>IX září September<br>X říjen, října October<br>XI listopad, listopadu November<br>XII prosinec, prosince December <!--{12079370741130} --><!--{12079370741131} --> | ||
===Days of the Week=== | ===Days of the Week=== | ||
''' | ''' Czech English'''<br> neděle Sunday<br> pondělí Monday<br> úterý Tuesday<br> středa Wednesday<br> čtvrtek Thursday<br> pátek Friday<br> sobota Saturday | ||
===Times of the Day=== | ===Times of the Day=== | ||
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Czech records may indicate the exact time when the birth, marriage, or death occurred. This is usually spelled out. | Czech records may indicate the exact time when the birth, marriage, or death occurred. This is usually spelled out. | ||
''' | ''' Czech English<br>''' v deset hodin at 10 o’clock<br> ráno in the morning<br> dopoledne forenoon<br> poledne/ v poledne noon<br> odpoledne afternoon<br> večer in the evening<br> v noci at night<br> půlnoc/ o půlnoci midnight<br> | ||
[[Category:Czech_Republic Language and Handwriting]] | [[Category:Czech_Republic Language and Handwriting]] | ||
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] | ||
[[Category:Word_List]] | [[Category:Word_List]] | ||
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