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*'''Sephardic''' Jews who descend from those who were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1496 and from Italy 1490 - 1510. Most of these Jews spoke a version of Spanish called Ladino and settled in the Ottoman Empire, Netherlands and the Holy Land. Sepharad means Spain in Ladino. <br> | *'''Sephardic''' Jews who descend from those who were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1496 and from Italy 1490 - 1510. Most of these Jews spoke a version of Spanish called Ladino and settled in the Ottoman Empire, Netherlands and the Holy Land. Sepharad means Spain in Ladino. <br> | ||
*'''Romaniote''' Community with distinctive cultural features and who have lived in the territory of Greece, Italy and neighboring areas for more than 2,000 years. They trace their roots from the destruction of Jerusalem. Their languages were Yevanic, a Greek dialect, and modern Greek. | *'''Romaniote''' Community with distinctive cultural features and who have lived in the territory of Greece, Italy and neighboring areas for more than 2,000 years. They trace their roots from the destruction of Jerusalem. Their languages were Yevanic, a Greek dialect, and modern Greek. | ||
*'''Mizrahi''' Jews descended from local Jewish communities of the Middle East. The term Mizrahi is most commonly used in Israel to refer to Jews who trace their roots back to Muslim-majority countries. Mizrahi and | *'''Mizrahi''' Jews descended from local Jewish communities of the Middle East. The term Mizrahi is most commonly used in Israel to refer to Jews who trace their roots back to Muslim-majority countries. Mizrahi and Sephardic are often intermingled. | ||
*'''Marrano''' Jews from Spain who converted or were forced to convert to Christianity, some of whom may have continued to practice Judaism in secret. Sometimes called Crypto-Jews | *'''Marrano''' Jews from Spain who converted or were forced to convert to Christianity, some of whom may have continued to practice Judaism in secret. Sometimes called Crypto-Jews | ||
*'''Crypto-Jews''' A term used to describe descendants of Jews who maintain some Jewish traditions of their ancestors while publicly adhering to other faiths. | *'''Crypto-Jews''' A term used to describe descendants of Jews who maintain some Jewish traditions of their ancestors while publicly adhering to other faiths. | ||
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*[https://www.archives.com/genealogy/family-heritage-jewish.html Archives: Jewish Family History Resources] | *[https://www.archives.com/genealogy/family-heritage-jewish.html Archives: Jewish Family History Resources] | ||
*[https://arolsen-archives.org/en/search-explore/search-online-archive/ Arolsen Archives] - 13 million Holocaust records online. | *[https://arolsen-archives.org/en/search-explore/search-online-archive/ Arolsen Archives] - 13 million Holocaust records online. | ||
*[http://avotaynu.com/ Avotaynu] Not the same as the website below. Avotaynu publishes books, newsletters and weekly emails for | *[http://avotaynu.com/ Avotaynu] Not the same as the website below. Avotaynu publishes books, newsletters and weekly emails for research | ||
**[http://www.avotaynu.com/csi/csi-home.htm Consolidated Jewish Surname Index] | **[http://www.avotaynu.com/csi/csi-home.htm Consolidated Jewish Surname Index] | ||
*[http://www.avotaynuonline.com/ Avotaynu Online] intends to stimulate collaboration among genealogists. They are also the main sponsor behind the Jewish DNA collection effort. | *[http://www.avotaynuonline.com/ Avotaynu Online] intends to stimulate collaboration among genealogists. They are also the main sponsor behind the Jewish DNA collection effort. | ||
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*[http://www.iajgs.org/ International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies] over 75 societies around the world. | *[http://www.iajgs.org/ International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies] over 75 societies around the world. | ||
*[http://genealogy.org.il Israel Genealogy Research Association] (IGRA) the largest genealogy organization in Israel with over | *[http://genealogy.org.il Israel Genealogy Research Association] (IGRA) the largest genealogy organization in Israel with over 1,000,000 records in its online database. | ||
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/ JewishGen] databases and tools to help find family members | *[http://www.jewishgen.org/ JewishGen] databases and tools to help find family members | ||
*[http://archives.jdc.org/about-us/ Joint Distribution Committee Archives] houses significant collections for the study of modern Jewish history. Comprising the organizational records of JDC, the overseas rescue, relief, and rehabilitation arm of the American Jewish community, the archives | *[http://archives.jdc.org/about-us/ Joint Distribution Committee Archives] houses significant collections for the study of modern Jewish history. Comprising the organizational records of JDC, the overseas rescue, relief, and rehabilitation arm of the American Jewish community, the archives include over 3 miles of text documents, 100,000 photographs, a research library of more than 6,000 books, 1,100 audio recordings including oral histories, and a collection of 2,500 videos. | ||
*[http://www.italian-family-history.com/jewish/genealogy.html Jewish Genealogy in Italy] | *[http://www.italian-family-history.com/jewish/genealogy.html Jewish Genealogy in Italy] | ||
*[http://jri-poland.org/index.html JRI - Poland] Largest fully searchable database of indexes of Jewish vital records online | *[http://jri-poland.org/index.html JRI - Poland] Largest fully searchable database of indexes of Jewish vital records online | ||