Norway Naming Customs: Difference between revisions

Norway Naming Customs (view source)

Revision as of 05:18, 24 June 2021

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Continuing to work on Surnames section.

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 *Geographical - based on the name of farm or house where they lived, such as Mundal
 *Occupational - based on the person's trade, such as Smed (Smith)
+Four types of surnames were used from early on in Norway:<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.geni.com/projects/Introduksjon-til-Geni-norsk/3288 Geni.com, Introduksjon til Geni - norsk.]</ref>
+* Patronymics
+* Fixed Patronymics
+* Family Names
+* Farm Names
+Each will be discussed in the following sections.
 ===Patronymics===
 [[File:Norway Patronymic Surnames.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Illustration of the derivation of Norwegian patronymic surnames]]
-The predominant type of surname in Norway is patronymic. Such names are based on the father's given name. This surname changed with each generation. For example, Jon Arnesen was the son of a man named Arne. If Jon had a son named Arne, the son would be known as Arne Jonsen (Arne son of Jon) and his brothers would be surnamed Jonsen, while his sisters would be known as Jonsdatter (daughter of Jon). In some of the earliest church records a person may be recorded with a ''matronymic'' surname, based on the person's mother's given name. Cases like this are very unusual, and always indicate the person was illegitimate.
+Patronymic surnames are based on the father's given name. This surname changed with each generation. For example, Jon Arnesen was the son of a man named Arne. If Jon had a son named Arne, the son would be known as Arne Jonsen (Arne son of Jon) and his brothers would be surnamed Jonsen, while his sisters would be known as Jonsdatter (daughter of Jon). In some of the earliest church records a person may be recorded with a ''matronymic'' surname, based on the person's mother's given name. Cases like this are very unusual, and always indicate the person was illegitimate.
-After about 1850, it became the custom in the cities to take permanent surnames. By 1900 most of Norway began doing so. By 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, most people had already adopted the practice of using a permanent family name to be passed to successive generations. When this happened, many Norwegians chose to use the name of their farm (residence) as their surname.
+===Fixed Patronymics===
+Fixed Patronymic surnames look like regular patronymics however there are two distinct differences. Firstly, they did not change from generation to generation but instead remained the same. Secondly, they always had the -sen or -son suffix for both males and females. This type of surname was primarily found in cities and used by merchants, tradesmen, and other of similar social class.
-=== Fixed Patronymics ===
+Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the children of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090807610552 Niels Andersen and Elen Christina Iversdatter]. He is a “gesel” in Bergen and their three children, all daughters, are listed as Alida Andersen, Martha Malena Andersen, and Sophia Andrea Andersen.
-Fixed Patronymic surnames look like regular patronymics however there are two distinct differences. They did not change from generation to generation but instead remained the same. They always had the -sen or -son suffix for both males and females. This type of surname was primarily found in cities and used by merchants, tradesmen, and other of similar social class. Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the children of Niels Andersen and Elen Christina Iversdatter.
-<nowiki>https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090807610552</nowiki>
+In 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, many people that had just a patronymic surname chose to turn that patronymic into a fixed patronymic for their surname.
-He is a “gesel” in Bergen and their three children, all daughters, are listed as Alida Andersen, Martha Malena Andersen, and Sophia Andrea Andersen.
+===Family Names===
+Family name surnames are fixed surnames passed from a father to all his children that are not based on patronymics. Some families in the upper classes of Norwegian society adopted this type of surname as early as the 1600s.<ref name=":0" /> Some famous examples of family names are Collett, Leuch, Hagerup, and Wergeland. Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the family of [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090806670611 Peter Collet and his wife Ellatine Bendiks]. He is an “Assessor i stifte retten” in Kristiansand and their two children as listed as Elisabeth Collet and Peter Collet.
-In 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, many people that had just a patronymic surname chose to turn that patronymic into a fixed patronymic for their surname.
-=== '''Family Names''' ===
+Centuries before 1923, when the first law regarding surnames was passed, some people had already adopted the practice of using a permanent family name to be passed to successive generations.
-Family name surnames are fixed surnames passed from a father to all his children that are not based on patronymics. Some families in the upper classes of Norwegian society adopted this type of surname as early as the 1600s. FOOTNOTE Some famous examples of family names are Collett, Leuch, Hagerup, and Wergeland. Examples of these can be found in the 1801 census such as the family of Peter Collet and his wife Ellatine Bendiks. He is an “Assessor i stifte retten” in Kristiansand and their two children as listed as Elisabeth Collet and Peter Collet.
-<nowiki>https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ft20090806670611</nowiki>
+<br />
 ==Abbreviations==