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Australia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by laborers and skilled migrants. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet_of_South_Australia First Fleet of South Australia, 1836], different from the First Fleet of 1788, began the organization of purposeful colonization by the South Australian Company. These colonist received financial incentives (bounties) to join the colony. <ref name="ICA"/> | The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The South Australia Company was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by laborers and skilled migrants. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet_of_South_Australia First Fleet of South Australia, 1836], different from the First Fleet of 1788, began the organization of purposeful colonization by the South Australian Company. These colonist received financial incentives (bounties) to join the colony. <ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====Unassisted Immigrants==== | ====Unassisted Immigrants==== | ||
*The '''Gold rush''' era, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of '''British and Irish settlers''', followed by smaller numbers of '''Germans and other Europeans, and Chinese'''. This Chinese were subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. | *The '''Gold rush''' era, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of '''British and Irish settlers''', followed by smaller numbers of '''Germans and other Europeans, and Chinese'''. This Chinese were subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country.<ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====Assisted Immigrants==== | ====Assisted Immigrants==== | ||
*The government also found that if it wanted immigrants it had to '''subsidize migration'''. The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. | *The government also found that if it wanted immigrants it had to '''subsidize migration'''. The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. | ||
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*Over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the '''Assisted Passage Migration Scheme''', colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound Poms. | *Over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the '''Assisted Passage Migration Scheme''', colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound Poms. | ||
The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the '''Netherlands and Italy'''. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions. | The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the '''Netherlands and Italy'''. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions. | ||
*Under the '''White Australia Policy''', people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme. | *Under the '''White Australia Policy''', people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme.<ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====Jewish Refugees==== | ====Jewish Refugees==== | ||
5000 Jewish refugee families arrived from Germany in 1938. | 5000 Jewish refugee families arrived from Germany in 1938.<ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====Humanitarian Program==== | ====Humanitarian Program==== | ||
Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program: Refugee-category visas for refugees under the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees], and '''Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)''' visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country. | Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program: Refugee-category visas for refugees under the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees], and '''Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)''' visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country. | ||
The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the conflicts in '''Syria and Iraq.''' | The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the conflicts in '''Syria and Iraq.'''<ref name="ICA"/> | ||
====2019 Statistics for Australian Residents of Foreign Birth==== | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
|Total number:7,653,990 | |||
*England 980,360 | |||
*India 721,050 | |||
*Mainland China 650,640 | |||
*New Zealand 564,840 | |||
*Philippines 310,050 | |||
*Vietnam 270,340 | |||
*South Africa 200,240 | |||
*Italy 177,840 | |||
|style="padding:75px"| | |||
*Malaysia 177,460 | |||
*Sri Lanka 146,950 | |||
*Scotland 132,590 | |||
*Nepal 131,830 | |||
*South Korea 111,530 | |||
*Germany 111,030 | |||
*United States 110,160 | |||
*Hong Kong 104,760 | |||
*Greece Greece 103,701 | |||
|} | |||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*Listen to the podcast: [https://media.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php/transportation-to-australia/ '''Transportation to Australia'''] Over 162,000 British and Irish convicts were transported to Australia between 1787 and 1868. Roger Kershaw explores the reasons behind the policy of transportation and looks at the experiences of the people who were shipped beyond the seas, using case studies from the archives. | *Listen to the podcast: [https://media.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php/transportation-to-australia/ '''Transportation to Australia'''] Over 162,000 British and Irish convicts were transported to Australia between 1787 and 1868. Roger Kershaw explores the reasons behind the policy of transportation and looks at the experiences of the people who were shipped beyond the seas, using case studies from the archives. | ||