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*The majority of the 1,172,899 current Cuban exiles living in the United States live in '''Florida (917,033 in 2014), mainly in Miami-Dade County, where more than a third of the population is Cuban'''. | *The majority of the 1,172,899 current Cuban exiles living in the United States live in '''Florida (917,033 in 2014), mainly in Miami-Dade County, where more than a third of the population is Cuban'''. | ||
*Other exiles have relocated to form substantial Cuban communities in '''New York City (16,416); Louisville, Kentucky (6,662); Houston, Texas (6,233); Los Angeles (6,056); Union City, New Jersey (4,970) and others.<ref>"Cuban exodus", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_exodus, accessed 16 June 2021.</ref> | *Other exiles have relocated to form substantial Cuban communities in '''New York City (16,416); Louisville, Kentucky (6,662); Houston, Texas (6,233); Los Angeles (6,056); Union City, New Jersey (4,970) and others.<ref>"Cuban exodus", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_exodus, accessed 16 June 2021.</ref> | ||
====Cuban Americans==== | |||
*Cuban immigration to regions that would eventually form the United States have a long history, beginning in the '''Spanish colonial period''' in 1565 when the '''settlement of St. Augustine''' was established by hundreds of Spanish soldiers and their families. | |||
*Thousands of Cuban settlers also immigrated '''to Louisiana between 1778 and 1802''' and '''Texas during the period of Spanish rule'''. Since 1820, the Cuban presence was more than 1,000 people. | |||
*In 1870 the number of Cuban immigrants increased to almost 12,000, of which about 4,500 resided in '''New York City''', about 3,000 in '''New Orleans''' and 2,000 in '''Key West'''. The causes of these movements were both economic and political, which intensified after 1860, when political factors played the predominant role in emigration, as a result of deteriorating relations with the Spanish metropolis. | |||
*1869 marked the beginning of one of the most significant periods of emigration from Cuba to the United States, '''again centered on Key West'''. The exodus of hundreds of workers and businessmen was linked to the manufacture of tobacco. The reasons are many: the introduction of more modern techniques of elaboration of snuff, the most direct access to its main market, the United States, the uncertainty about the future of the island, which had suffered years of economic, political and social unrest during the beginning of the Ten Years' War against Spanish rule. It was an exodus of skilled workers, precisely the class in the island that had succeeded in establishing a free labor sector amid a slave economy. The manufacture of snuff by the Cuban labor force, became the most important source of income for Key West between 1869 and 1900. | |||
*'''Tampa''' was added to such efforts, with a strong migration of Cubans, which went from 720 inhabitants in 1880 to 5,532 in 1890. | |||
*However, the second half of the 1890s marked the decline of the Cuban immigrant population, as an important part of it returned to the island to fight for independence. The War accentuated Cuban immigrant integration into American society, whose numbers were significant: more than 12,000 people. | |||
====Afro-Cuban Descendants in Africa==== | ====Afro-Cuban Descendants in Africa==== | ||
*African countries such as '''Nigeria''', the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, and '''Spanish Guinea''' experienced an influx of '''ex-slaves from Cuba brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century'''. In Spanish Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local indigenous population. | *African countries such as '''Nigeria''', the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, and '''Spanish Guinea''' experienced an influx of '''ex-slaves from Cuba brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century'''. In Spanish Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros. Despite being free to return to Cuba when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local indigenous population. | ||