Maryland Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

Maryland Emigration and Immigration (view source)

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 From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies&nbsp;over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649.&nbsp;The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts&nbsp;across the colony.
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+====African Americans====
-Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based and centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. Britain's need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves.
+In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. Mixed-race children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of ''partus sequitur ventrem'', by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave law that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662. During the colonial era, families of free people of color were formed most often by unions of white women and African men. Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.
+Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the Revolutionary War. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810. Compared to some other states, blacks were better established both before and after the civil war. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. Half the population lived in cities.
 ==== German Immigrants  ====