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Understanding surnames and given names can help you find and identify ancestors in records. | Understanding surnames and given names can help you find and identify ancestors in records. | ||
=== Surnames === | ==Online Tools== | ||
Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. | |||
*[http://herby.com.pl/ Slownik Nazwisk (Dictionary of Surnames)] to learn how to use this website, see the [https://jri-poland.org/slownik.htm English Instructions]. | |||
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Polish Given Names with Dimunitives and English Equivalents] | |||
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_male_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 1] | |||
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 2] | |||
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_female_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 1] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_feminine_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 2] | |||
*[http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/pol.php Behind the Name] | |||
*[http://www.polishroots.org/Research/Surnames/360 Polish Roots Surname List] | |||
== Surnames == | |||
Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John. As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. | Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John. As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. | ||
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'''Alias Surnames.''' In some areas of Poland people may have taken a second surname. In the records this may be preceded by the word alias, vulgo, vel, or genannt. This practice is rare and was done mainly because of property ownership. It can be found in certain parts of Silesia. A good article on this topic can be found at this link: [http://www.pietrowicewielkie.net/index.php/spitznamen/51-einleitung-zu-qspitznamen-1939q http://www.pietrowicewielkie.net/index.php/spitznamen/51-einleitung-zu-qspitznamen-1939q] . This article is written in German. | '''Alias Surnames.''' In some areas of Poland people may have taken a second surname. In the records this may be preceded by the word alias, vulgo, vel, or genannt. This practice is rare and was done mainly because of property ownership. It can be found in certain parts of Silesia. A good article on this topic can be found at this link: [http://www.pietrowicewielkie.net/index.php/spitznamen/51-einleitung-zu-qspitznamen-1939q http://www.pietrowicewielkie.net/index.php/spitznamen/51-einleitung-zu-qspitznamen-1939q] . This article is written in German. | ||
Jewish Naming Customs. Before 1808 the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Poland usually used only a given name and the name of their father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. Jews in the Austrian territory of Galicia were required to adopt surnames in 1785. In 1808 Napoleon made a similar decree for all the Jews of his empire, including the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1844 Jews were again required to adopt surnames because of noncompliance. | Jewish Naming Customs. Before 1808 the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Poland usually used only a given name and the name of their father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. Jews in the Austrian territory of Galicia were required to adopt surnames in 1785. In 1808 Napoleon made a similar decree for all the Jews of his empire, including the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1844 Jews were again required to adopt surnames because of noncompliance. | ||
=== Language Effects on Polish Names === | === Language Effects on Polish Names === | ||