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*By the end of the nineteenth century, use of prefixes resumed. However, '''prefixes were added or dropped at will, again producing different surnames within the same family'''. Irish who emigrated during the nineteenth century often dropped the prefixes in their new countries of residence. | *By the end of the nineteenth century, use of prefixes resumed. However, '''prefixes were added or dropped at will, again producing different surnames within the same family'''. Irish who emigrated during the nineteenth century often dropped the prefixes in their new countries of residence. | ||
===Epithets=== | |||
A first name may be modified by an adjective to distinguish its bearer from other people with the same name. '''Mór ("big") and Óg ("young")''' are used to distinguish father and son, '''like English "senior" and "junior"''', but are placed between the given name and the surname: Seán Óg Ó Súilleabháin corresponds to "John O'Sullivan Jr." (although anglicised versions of the name often drop the "O'" from the name). | |||
The word Beag/Beg, meaning "little", can be used in place of Óg. This did not necessarily indicate that the younger person was small in stature, merely younger than his father. Sometimes beag would be used to imply a baby was small at birth, possibly premature. | |||
Adjectives denoting hair colour may also be used, especially informally: Pádraig Rua ("red-haired Patrick"), Máire Bhán ("fair-haired Mary").<ref>"Irish name," at Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | |||
==Given Names== | ==Given Names== | ||
*Irish given names are also Gaelic in origin and were affected by the same English influences. As with surnames, many given names were anglicized, producing many given name variations. Darby, Dermot, and Jeremiah, for example, are all variations of the same name. | *Irish given names are also Gaelic in origin and were affected by the same English influences. As with surnames, many given names were anglicized, producing many given name variations. Darby, Dermot, and Jeremiah, for example, are all variations of the same name. | ||