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{{Germany-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
{{Germany-sidebar}}
{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Germany Genealogy|Germany]]
| link1=[[Germany Genealogy|Germany]]
| link2=
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Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  
Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  


Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein river (1806-1815). Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen annexed that area in 1864.  
Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein. Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen annexed that area in 1864.  
== Language Aids ==
==Language Aids==
 
*FamilySearch Wiki has genealogical '''word lists''' for:  
*FamilySearch Wiki has genealogical '''word lists''' for:  
**[[German Word List]]
**[[German Word List]]
**[[Danish Word List]] Danish is used in some records of Schleswig-Holstein.
**[[Danish Word List]] Danish is used in some records of Schleswig-Holstein.
**[[French Wordlist|French Word List]] French is used in some records of Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen).
**[[French Wordlist|French Word List]] French is used in some records of Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen).
**[[Poland Genealogical Word List|Polish Genealogical Word List]]
**[[Poland Genealogical Word List|Polish Genealogical Word List]]
**[[Portuguese Genealogical Word List]]<br>
**[[Portuguese Genealogical Word List]]<br>


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==Handwriting==
==Handwriting==
*These links to lessons and websites will assist in learning to read the records of Germany:
*These links to lessons and websites will assist in learning to read the records of Germany:
**[https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/375 Old German Script Part 1],  [https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/377 Part 2], [https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/426 Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)]
**[https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/375 Old German Script Part 1],  [https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/377 Part 2], [https://familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/426 Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/38 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 1: Kurrent Letters]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/38 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 1: Kurrent Letters]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/39 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 2: Making Words in Kurrent]
**[https://www.familysearch.org/ask/learningViewer/39 Reading German Handwritten Records Lesson 2: Making Words in Kurrent]
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==Fraktur Font Used in Printed Records==
==Fraktur Font Used in Printed Records==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur_(script) Wikipedia Fraktur Script]. For a printable table showing Fraktur letters, [[Media:Fraktur_Font_help_-_Wiki.pdf|click here]].
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur_(script) Wikipedia Fraktur Script]. For a printable table showing Fraktur letters, [[Media:Fraktur Font help - Wiki.pdf|click here]].


For a printable table showing Kurrent letters in a computer font, [[Media:Kurrent_Font_Help_Wiki.pdf|click here]].
For a printable table showing Kurrent letters in a computer font, [[Media:Kurrent Font Help Wiki.pdf|click here]].


==Dictionaries==
==Dictionaries==
*The following '''books and English-German dictionaries''' can help in your research. You can find these and similar materials at many research libraries.  
*The following '''books and English-German dictionaries''' can help in your research. You can find these and similar materials at many research libraries.  
**Thode, Ernest. ''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=47299&disp=German%2DEnglish+genealogical+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 German-English Genealogical Dictionary].'' Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992. (FHL book 433.21 T352g 1992.)  
**Thode, Ernest. ''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=47299&disp=German%2DEnglish+genealogical+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 German-English Genealogical Dictionary].'' Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992. (FHL book 433.21 T352g 1992.)
**''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=259067&disp=Langenscheidt%27s+German%2DEnglish%2C+En%20%20&columns=*,0,0 Langenscheidts German-English, English-German Dictionary = Langenscheidts Deutsch-Englisches, Englisch-Deutches Wörterbuch]''. New York, NY, USA: Pocket Books, 1952, 1993. (FHL book 433.21 L262g.)  
**''[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=259067&disp=Langenscheidt%27s+German%2DEnglish%2C+En%20%20&columns=*,0,0 Langenscheidts German-English, English-German Dictionary = Langenscheidts Deutsch-Englisches, Englisch-Deutches Wörterbuch]''. New York, NY, USA: Pocket Books, 1952, 1993. (FHL book 433.21 L262g.)
**Grimm's Dictionary online can be found at this link [http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GA00001 Dictionary of German historical words].
**Grimm's Dictionary online can be found at this link [http://germazope.uni-trier.de/Projects/WBB/woerterbuecher/dwb/wbgui?lemid=GA00001 Dictionary of German historical words].


==Latin Aids==
==Latin Aids==
Other language aids for parish Latin can be found at these links:  
Other language aids for parish Latin can be found at these links:  
*[http://www.krumhermersdorf.de/literatur/latein.htm#Auswahl Church-Book Latin]
*[http://www.krumhermersdorf.de/literatur/latein.htm#Auswahl Church-Book Latin]
*[http://www.e-latein.de/ e-Latin]  
*[http://www.e-latein.de/ e-Latin]
*[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/ Latein Wörterbuch, search]  
*[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/ Latein Wörterbuch, search]
*[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&con=0 Latein Wörterbuch, alphabetical list]
*[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&con=0 Latein Wörterbuch, alphabetical list]


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See also:  
See also:  


*[[Low German Language in German Research|Low German language]]  
*[[Low German Language in German Research|Low German language]]
*[[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|Languages in the Lower Rhine area]]  
*[[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|Languages in the Lower Rhine area]]
*[[Spellings Variants in the Northern Rheinland|Spelling variation in the northern Rhine]] area.
*[[Spellings Variants in the Northern Rheinland|Spelling variation in the northern Rhine]] area.


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See also: [[Spelling Variations in German Documents|spelling variations in German documents]].  
See also: [[Spelling Variations in German Documents|spelling variations in German documents]].  


== Numbers ==
==Numbers==


In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form. Ordinal forms may have other endings, for example: erste, ersten.  
In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form. Ordinal forms may have other endings, for example: erste, ersten.  
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{|
{|
|-
|-
| '''Cardinal'''  
|'''Cardinal'''
|  
|
| '''Ordinal'''  
|'''Ordinal'''
|  
|
|-
|-
| null  
|null
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|-
|-
| eins  
|eins
| 1st  
|1st
| erste  
|erste
|  
|
|-
|-
| zwei  
|zwei
| 2nd  
|2nd
| zweite, zweyte  
|zweite, zweyte
|  
|
|-
|-
| drei  
|drei
| 3rd  
|3rd
| dritte  
|dritte
|  
|
|-
|-
| vier  
|vier
| 4th  
|4th
| vierte  
|vierte
|  
|
|-
|-
| fünf  
|fünf
| 5th  
|5th
| fünfte  
|fünfte
|  
|
|-
|-
| sechs  
|sechs
| 6th  
|6th
| sechste  
|sechste
|  
|
|-
|-
| sieben  
|sieben
| 7th  
|7th
| siebte, siebente  
|siebte, siebente
|  
|
|-
|-
| acht  
|acht
| 8th  
|8th
| achte  
|achte
|  
|
|-
|-
| neun  
|neun
| 9th  
|9th
| neunte  
|neunte
|  
|
|-
|-
| zehn  
|zehn
| 10th  
|10th
| zehnte  
|zehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| elf  
|elf
| 11th  
|11th
| elfte  
|elfte
|  
|
|-
|-
| zwölf  
|zwölf
| 12th  
|12th
| zwölfte  
|zwölfte
|  
|
|-
|-
| dreizehn  
|dreizehn
| 13th  
|13th
| dreizehnte  
|dreizehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| vierzehn  
|vierzehn
| 14th  
|14th
| vierzehnte  
|vierzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| fünfzehn  
|fünfzehn
| 15th  
|15th
| fünfzehnte  
|fünfzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| sechzehn  
|sechzehn
| 16th  
|16th
| sechzehnte  
|sechzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| siebzehn  
|siebzehn
| 17th  
|17th
| siebzehnte  
|siebzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| achtzehn  
|achtzehn
| 18th  
|18th
| achtzehnte  
|achtzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| neunzehn  
|neunzehn
| 19th  
|19th
| neunzehnte  
|neunzehnte
|  
|
|-
|-
| zwanzig  
|zwanzig
| 20th  
|20th
| zwanzigste  
|zwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| einundzwanzig  
|einundzwanzig
| 21st  
|21st
| einundzwanzigste  
|einundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzig  
|zweiundzwanzig
| 22nd  
|22nd
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|zweiundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzig  
|dreiundzwanzig
| 23rd  
|23rd
| dreiundzwanzigste  
|dreiundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzig  
|vierundzwanzig
| 24th  
|24th
| vierundzwanzigste  
|vierundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzig  
|fünfundzwanzig
| 25th  
|25th
| fünfundzwanzigste  
|fünfundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig  
|sechsundzwanzig
| 26th  
|26th
| sechsundzwanzigste  
|sechsundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzig  
|siebenundzwanzig
| 27th  
|27th
| siebenundzwanzigste  
|siebenundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| achtundzwanzig  
|achtundzwanzig
| 28th  
|28th
| achtundzwanzigste  
|achtundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzig  
|neunundzwanzig
| 29th  
|29th
| neunundzwanzigste  
|neunundzwanzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| dreißig  
|dreißig
| 30th  
|30th
| dreißigste  
|dreißigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| einunddreißig  
|einunddreißig
| 31st  
|31st
| einunddreißigste  
|einunddreißigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| vierzig  
|vierzig
| 40th  
|40th
| vierzigste  
|vierzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| fünfzig  
|fünfzig
| 50th  
|50th
| fünfzigste  
|fünfzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| sechzig  
|sechzig
| 60th  
|60th
| sechzigste  
|sechzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| siebzig  
|siebzig
| 70th  
|70th
| siebzigste  
|siebzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| achtzig  
|achtzig
| 80th  
|80th
| achtzigste  
|achtzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| neunzig  
|neunzig
| 90th  
|90th
| neunzigste  
|neunzigste
|  
|
|-
|-
| hundert  
|hundert
| 100th  
|100th
| hunderste  
|hunderste
|  
|
|-
|-
| zweihundert  
|zweihundert
| 200th  
|200th
| zwei hunderste  
|zwei hunderste
|  
|
|-
|-
| tausend  
|tausend
| 1000th  
|1000th
| tausendste  
|tausendste
|  
|
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


== Dates and Time ==
==Dates and Time==


In German records, dates are often written out. For example:  
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:  
Line 306: Line 311:
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.  
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.  


=== Months ===
===Months===


{|
{|
|-
|-
| '''English'''  
|'''English'''
| '''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| January  
|January
| Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| February  
|February
| Februar, Hornung
|Februar, Hornung
|-
|-
| March  
|March
| März, Frühlingsmonat, Lenzing
|März, Frühlingsmonat, Lenzing
|-
|-
| April  
|April
| April, Ostermonat, Osteren,Oster
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren,Oster
|-
|-
| May  
|May
| Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat, Wonnemond
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat, Wonnemond
|-
|-
| June  
|June
| Juni, Brachmonat, Brachet
|Juni, Brachmonat, Brachet
|-
|-
| July  
|July
| Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|-
|-
| August  
|August
| August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat, Ernting
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat, Ernting
|-
|-
| September  
|September
| September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris, Scheiding
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris, Scheiding
|-
|-
| October  
|October
| Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris, Gilbhard
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris, Gilbhard
|-
|-
| November  
|November
| November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris, Neblung
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris, Neblung
|-
|-
| December  
|December
| Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris, Julmond
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris, Julmond
|}
|}


A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].


=== Days of the Week ===
===Days of the Week===


{|
{|
|-
|-
| '''English'''  
|'''English'''
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| '''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| Sunday  
|Sunday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Sonntag
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| Monday  
|Monday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Montag
|Montag
|-
|-
| Tuesday  
|Tuesday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Dienstag
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| Wednesday  
|Wednesday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Mittwoch
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| Thursday  
|Thursday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Donnerstag
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| Friday  
|Friday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Freitag, Freytag
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| Saturday  
|Saturday
| &nbsp;  
|&nbsp;
| Samstag, Sonnabend
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
|}


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<br>  
<br>  


=== Times of the Day ===
===Times of the Day===


German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  
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|-
|-
|mitternachts
|mitternachts
|at midnight  
|at midnight
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Symbols ==
==Symbols==


Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].  
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].  


<br> {{Germany|Germany}}  
<br> {{Germany|Germany}}  
[[fr:Allemagne : La Langue et les Langues]][[pt:Alemanha, Os Idiomas Germânicos]]
[[fr:Allemagne : La Langue et les Langues]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[pt:Alemanha, Os Idiomas Germânicos]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
Bdyh
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