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'''Jewish Naming Customs.''' Before the 1800s, the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Germany followed the custom of using only a given name and the name of the father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. In 1790 Baden was the first German state to require fixed surnames. Preußen issued an edict on 11 March 1812 that required that permanent family names be adopted within six months. Compulsory surname laws were enacted in the German states of Bayern and Mecklenburg in 1813 and 1814. By the 1820s, most small German states had extended civil rights to Jews and required them to adopt surnames. | '''Jewish Naming Customs.''' Before the 1800s, the use of a family name by Jews was left to the discretion of the individual. Jews in Germany followed the custom of using only a given name and the name of the father, such as Isaac, son of Abraham. Most Jews did not adopt hereditary family names until required to do so by law. In 1790 Baden was the first German state to require fixed surnames. Preußen issued an edict on 11 March 1812 that required that permanent family names be adopted within six months. Compulsory surname laws were enacted in the German states of Bayern and Mecklenburg in 1813 and 1814. By the 1820s, most small German states had extended civil rights to Jews and required them to adopt surnames. | ||
*[http://www.tr62.de/names/surnames1.html Here is a helpful site about names] and naming practices. Here is a site for [http://www.talmud.de/cms/Juedische_Vornamen.70.0.html Jewish Given Names] and their meanings. | *[http://www.tr62.de/names/surnames1.html Here is a helpful site about names] and naming practices. Here is a German-language site for [http://www.talmud.de/cms/Juedische_Vornamen.70.0.html Jewish Given Names] and their meanings. | ||
'''Surname "Changes" of German Immigrants in the United States''' | '''Surname "Changes" of German Immigrants in the United States''' | ||
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Prior to 1900 formal surname changes documented in local court records are relatively rare. | Prior to 1900 formal surname changes documented in local court records are relatively rare. | ||
During the early 20th Century, especially the World War I era, surname changes are recorded more frequently, as immigrants or, more often, their children, tried to adopt more neutral surnames. | During the early 20th Century, especially the World War I era, surname changes are recorded more frequently, as immigrants or, more often, their children, tried to adopt more neutral surnames. | ||
An informative book is | |||
Minert, Roger P., [http://www.grtpublications.com/spelling.htm Spelling Variations in German Names: Solving Family History Problems Through Applications of German and English Phonetics], GRT Publications, 2000. | |||
=== Given Names === | === Given Names === | ||
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Because German genealogical records were kept in various languages, you may find your ancestor's name in different languages at different times. For example, your great-grandfather's name could be in Latin on his birth record, in French on his marriage record, and in German on his death record. Some given names are often very different when translated into different languages, as shown by the following table. | Because German genealogical records were kept in various languages, you may find your ancestor's name in different languages at different times. For example, your great-grandfather's name could be in Latin on his birth record, in French on his marriage record, and in German on his death record. Some given names are often very different when translated into different languages, as shown by the following table. | ||
{| width="40%" align="center" | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" width="40%" align="center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''German''' | | '''German''' | ||
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More such books are listed in the Place Search section of the Family History Library Catalog under: | More such books are listed in the Place Search section of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
:[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=topicdetails&subject=360506&subject_disp=Germany+%2D+Names%2C+Personal&columns=*,0,0 GERMANY - NAMES, PERSONAL] | :[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=topicdetails&subject=360506&subject_disp=Germany+%2D+Names%2C+Personal&columns=*,0,0 GERMANY - NAMES, PERSONAL] | ||
{{Place|Germany}} | {{Place|Germany}} | ||
[[Category:Germany]] [[Category: | [[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Names_Personal]] | ||